第六讲 状语从句时间原因类 讲义 高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

第六讲状语从句——时间、原因类Ⅰ.基础知识回顾1.状语从句的概念：指作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可修饰谓语、非谓语、定语、状语或整个句子。按照其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句1.1.时间状语从句1.1.1.when,while,aswhen,while,as都可译为“当...的时候”但侧重点不同。当主句动作时瞬时的，从句动作时延续的时，三者都可用。as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。while从句的谓语动词必须时延续性动词。Eg：Shesangaswewalked.Ilistenedcarefullywhileshewassinging.1.1.2.until和not...untiluntil要与延续性动词连用；not...until要与非延续性动词连用。Eg：Hecompletedherlastnovelin1816,butitwasnotpublisheduntilafterherdeath.1.1.3.sincesince意为“自从...以来”，其后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。Eg：Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.1.1.4.特殊的时间状语从句引导词themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond,nosooner...than...,hardly...when...等以及表示瞬间的directly,immediately等词，表示“一...就...”，相当于assoonas。nosooner...than...,hardly...when...结构中，nosooner和hardly引导的句子通常用过去完成式，而than和when所引导的句子通常要用一般过去式；此外，nosooner和hardly位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。Eg：HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.1.1.5.bythetimebythetime也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到...时为止”，主句一般用完成时。Eg：Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadlearnedsomedifficultclassesbyhimself.1.1.6.几组固定形式(1).Itwillbe+一段时间+before...多久之后才...Eg:Itwillbetenyearsbeforethebuildingsareconstructed.(2).Itis+一段时间+since...自从...以来已有多长时间了。Eg:ItisthreeyearssinceIcamehere.(3).beabouttodo...when...;bedoing...when...;onthepointofdoing...when...正在/要做...这时...Eg:Iwasabouttogooutwhenthephonerang.1.2.原因状语从句常用连接词：because,as,since,nowthat...1.2.1.because为常用词，其语气最重，且说明的是直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句。1.2.2.as,since和nowthat语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然，鉴于”时不可用as替换。Eg:Asit’sraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.解题思路：Step1:寻找主句从句Step2:判断主从句之间的逻辑关系Step3:根据所选的逻辑关系选择合适的连接词。【随堂演练】单项选择题1._____hecameintotheoffice,theteacherwerehavingameeting.A.WhenB.WhileC.OnceD.Since2.—I’meagertogetasecretaryposition_____Ilikeofficework.—Goodlucktoyou.A.thoughB.whileC.becauseD.if3.Wewereseeingamovie_______wecaughtsightofafriendofours.A.assoonasB.whileC.whenD.once4.—It'stimetogotobed,LiMing.—Mom,Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.Iwon’tgotobed_____Ifinishit.A.afterB.untilC.assoonasD.since5.Thewaiteroftherestaurantwaswaitingatthegate_____theguestsarrived.A.whileB.whenC.whereD.unless6.Wedidn’tgohiking______itwastoocoldoutside.A.becauseB.becauseofC.assoonasD.eventhough 7.Don'tworry.Iwillhelpyoulookafteryourdogyouareawayonbusiness.A.whyB.becauseC.whenD.thus8.Wehavetoputoff(推迟)holdingourmeetingthebadweather.A.becauseB.becauseofC.whenD.while9.Ican’tsleepwellatnight,Ioftenfeeltiredintheday.A.butB.an