2024八年级英语下册Unit1PastandPresent综合素质评价牛津译林版

Unit1综合素养评价限时:120分钟满分:100分一、单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()1.[2024扬州江都区八校联谊月考]—Lucyhasn’tcomebackfromthelibrary________.—Yes,Ihave________calledher.A.already;yet B.yet;yetC.already;already D.yet;already()2.Ithasbeenhalfayear________theymeteachotherlasttime.A.until B.before C.while D.since()3.Peoplehavebuiltmoreandmoretallbuildingshere________theyears.Butatthesametime,thecityhasbecomemorecrowded.A.on B.to C.over D.since()4.[2024常州中天试验中学第一次月考]—Bob,Iwanttobuyacar,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney.Doyouhaveanygoodideas?—Whynotbuyausedcar?Mycousinhasoneinperfect________.A.condition B.situation C.communication D.information()5.Whataterribleexperience!________,luckyforus,wearesafenow.A.Moreover B.Otherwise C.However D.Anyway()6.Whenyoufeelhelplessand________,justrememberthatyouarenot________intheworldbecauseyourfriendsareherearoundyou.A.alone;lonely B.lonely;aloneC.lonely;lonely D.alone;alone()7.Sometimespeopledon’thowimportantsomethingisuntiltheyloseit.A.describe B.realize C.hope D.return()8.—Haveyou________beentoNanjing,HanMei?—No,never.Iplantogotherethissummerholiday.A.ever B.still C.yet D.already()9.—Whendidyourparents________?—They________fortwentyyears.A.marry;havegotmarried B.getmarried;havegotmarriedC.married;havebeenmarried D.getmarried;havebeenmarried()10.—I’mgladtoseethattheschoolhas________theopenspaceabasketballcourt.—Metoo.Wecanplaybasketballthere.A.moved;into B.grown;into C.turned;into D.put;into()11.—WhatareMillieandMr.Chentalkingabout?—Themaintopicofthe________isaboutthechangesinthetown.A.situation B.conclusion C.competition D.communication()12.ManyChinesecompaniesstartedtoprovide5Gservices(服务)in2024anditisthefastestnetworkwe________.A.haveused B.havegotused C.havebeenused D.areused()13.[2024泰州兴化乐吾试验学校调研改编]________,lifehereisbetternowthanbefore.A.Ontheway B.InthewayC.Alltheway D.Insomeways()14.Lindausedto________afraidofdarknessbutshehasgotusedto________alonenow.A.be;live B.being;livingC.being;live D.be;living()15.[2024泰州姜堰区试验初中月考改编]—Soyoumissedthemeeting?—________.Igottherefiveminutesbeforeitfinished.A.Notatall B.NotexactlyC.Notseriously D.Notespecially二、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HaveyoueverbeentoSaihanba?Itisaverybigforest16________inChengde,Hebei.InMongolian,itsname17________“beautifulhighland”.Justasitsnamesuggests,endlessforestsandgrasslandsaredottedwith(遍布着)clearlakes.Saihanba18________tobearoyal(皇家的)huntingground.DuringtheQingDynasty,EmperorKangxilikedSaihanbasomuchthathemade19________thereasaroyalactivity.In1860,20________ashortage(缺少)ofmoney,thelandwasopenedtoallpeople.Inthefollowingyears,cuttingdowntreesandwildfiresquickly21________theforestsandgrasslands.Bythe1950s,Saihanbahadbecomepoorland22________animalsorplants.Theplanstorebuildanational23________inSaihanbastartedinthe1960s.In1961,agroupofsixscientiststravelledtoSaihanbaandstudiedthepossibilityof24________treesthere.They25________foundonetreestandingaloneinthelargeland,whichgreatlyencouraged(激励)them.Fromthenon,theydecidedto26________Saihanbaintoanewnationalforest.Inthepast63years,afterovercoming(克服)thedifficultiesofplantingtreesinaverycoldplace,great27________havetakenplaceinSaihanba.Thepoorlandhas28________alargeandbeautifulforest.ChinesepeoplehavecreatedatruewonderinSaihanbaoverthepasthalf-century.Today,Saihanbahasbeen29________asthe“Emerald(绿宝石)ofNorthChina”.Itisveryimportant30________Beijing’swaterandairquality(质量).Itisalsoanaturalprotectionthatcanpreventsandstorms.()16.A.lies B.lying C.lied D.lay()17.A.keeps B.realizes C.means D.replies()18.A.failed B.tried C.used D.agreed()19.A.climbing B.fishing C.jogging D.hunting()20.A.insteadof B.accordingto C.thanksto D.becauseof()21.A.lost B.cut C.broke D.left()22.A.with B.to C.for D.without()23.A.museum B.forest C.wetland D.park()24.A.making B.building C.keeping D.growing()25.A.finally B.recently C.mainly D.nearly()26.A.carry B.come C.put D.turn()27.A.memories B.changes C.times D.conditions()28.A.found B.kept C.become D.made()29.A.lonely B.active C.perfect D.famous()30.A.for B.to C.with D.about三、阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AMyhometownisaverybeautifultownnearthesea.Ithasalonghistory.Itsoldtowncenterwasbuiltin1500s.It’saplacewherevisitorscangobacktoadifferentoldworld.Manyofthelocalpeoplearefarmers.However,farmingisnottheonlybusinessheretoday.Touristsallovertheworldarecomingtolearnaboutthetownanditshistory—andspendmoney.Thishasbroughthopeandmoneytothetown.Manypeoplethinkthattourism(旅游业)willdecidethefutureofthetown.“Thisisaneasierwaytomakemoney.Nowwehaveaverygoodchancetodeveloptourismandhelpoureconomy,”somepeoplesaid.However,tourismhasalsocausedproblems.Thelocalenvironmenthasbecomeworsebecauseofpollution.Thelocalpeoplewantthebusinessthatmakesmoney,buttheyknowtheyhavetobecareful.________Theyhavetomakesomeimportantdecisions.Willtheybeabletotakeactiontoimprovethesituation?Willtheyfurtherdeveloptourism?Nooneknows.Thefutureoftheirbeautifultownmaydeveloponthedecisionstheymaketoday.()31.Whatisthemainbusinessinthewriter’shometown?A.Fishingandfarming. B.Farmingandtea.C.Farmingandtourism. D.Fishingandtea.()32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“economy”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.经济 B.政治 C.社会 D.交通()33.Putthebestsentenceintotheblankinthelastparagraph.A.It’sagoodchancetodeveloptourism.B.Theyshouldn’tdeveloptourismatall.C.Everyonewantstomakemoney.D.Theycan’tlettourismgrowwithoutanycontrol(限制).BMartina’sgrandpaPeterlivedwiththefamilyafterGrandma’sdeath.Oneday,MomSusandecidedtodothespringcleaning.Theycleanedthehouseuntileverythingwasclean.ThenMompointedtoGrandpa’ssofaandsaid,“Thatoldsofahasgottogo.We’llbuyGrandpaanewone.”Butastheymovedthesofa,Grandpastoppedthemandshouted,“Youcan’ttakemysofa!Idon’twantanewone.”Momhadtosay,“WewilltalkaboutittonightwhenJohngetshome.”John,Martina’sdad,wasstillatwork.“Grandpa,whydon’tyouletustakeawaythesofa?”Martinaaskedatsupper.Grandpashookhishead,“Isatinthissofa,withyourgrandma,whenIaskedhertomarryme.Itwassolongago,butwhenIsitinthissofaandclosemyeyes,sheseemstobenear.”“It’ssurprising,”Martinathought,“howGrandpacanrememberthingsfromthepast.Thesedaysheforgetsalmosteverything.”GrandpasmiledtoMartina,“Thenightyourfatherwasborn,Isatinthissofa.Iwasnervouswhentheyplacedthelittlebabyintomyarms.”“Manyyearslater,”Grandpacontinued,“Isatinthissofawhenthedoctortoldmeyourgrandmawasill.Iwaslostwithouther,butthesofagavemethecomfort.”“Idoseenow,”MartinalookedatGrandpa.“Thisisnotjustanoldsofa.Itismorelikeafriend.”“Yes,”Grandpaadded.“We’vegotthroughalottogether.”Thewholefamilyagreedthatthehousewouldbeboringwithouttheoldsofa.()34.Whodoestheunderlinedphrase“thelittlebaby”inParagraph7referto(指)?A.Martina. B.John. C.Susan. D.Peter.()35.Accordingtothepassage,whatimportantthingsdidGrandpaexperiencesittingintheoldsofa?①Grandma’sdeath②holdingthelittlebabyforthefirsttime③askingGrandmatomarryhim④hearingthenewsthatGrandmawasillA.①②③ B.①②④ C.②③④ D.①③④()36.Wecaninfer(推断)thatthefamilywereprobably________attheendofthestory.A.surprised B.bored C.moved D.nervousCWhenIwasveryyoung,peopleinourvillagelivedbyplantingfruittrees.Mygrandmotheralwaystookmetotheorchard(果园)onthehill.Atthattime,theyhadtocarrywaterfromtheriveratthefootofthehilltohalfwayupthehill.Eventhoughweworkedsohard,theproduction(产量)leveloffruitwasstilllowbecauseitwasshortofwaterthere.Oneday,twoyoungmenledagroupofworkerstoourvillage.Theylearnedaboutthedifficultieswefaced,andlater,canals(渠)andotherprojectsbegantobebuiltinmyvillage.“Whoarethey?”Iasked.“Theyaregoodmenfromourgovernment,”mygrandmareplied.Shortlyafterwards,Imovedtoanothercityformyjuniorhighschool.TheonlyreasonIevercamebacktomyhometownwasmygrandmother.Oneday,myfamilyandImadetimetoreturn.Weweresurprisedbecauseeverythinghadchanged.Thecanalranpasteveryorchardsovillagersdidn’thavetogoupanddownthehillanymore.Theriverwasnowsocleanthatfishswamhappilyinit.Whenwearrivedhome,mygrandmatookoutsomefreshpearsandapples.Shetoldusthatafterthewaterconservationproject(水利工程)wascompleted,apolicy(政策)wasmadetoencouragemorepeopletoincrease(增加)thefruitproductionwithcleanwaterintheriver.Thankthosegoodmenwhohavedevotedthemselvestothedevelopmentofourcountryside.Nowadays,peopleworkhardtoliveinabigcity.However,weshouldnotforgetourhometownswherewearefrom.()37.Thegoodmencameandofferedhelpprobablybecauseof________.A.thevillagers’suggestionsB.thegovernment’ssupportC.aschool’spracticalactivityD.acompany’sengineeringplan()38.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.thegrandmotherdoesn’tliketoliveinthecityB.thevillageisaplaceofinterestfortouristsnowC.therewillbemorefruitproductioninthevillageD.morepeopleliketoworkinthecountrysidenowadays()39.Theunderlinedphrase“devotedthemselvesto”isclosestinmeaningto________.A.preparedmuchforB.donatedmoneytoC.drawnpublicattentiontoD.putmucheffortinto()40.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howisavillageimproved?B.Whoarethegoodmen?C.Whydopeoplecomeback?D.Whatdoesahometownmean?其次节(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)A阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itseemsverynaturalthatifyouhavetwodollarsandaddtwodollarstothem,youhavefourdollars.41.________Infact,oneofthemostdifficultthingstoteachchildrenistheideasofnumbers.Inancient(古代的)times,whenamanwantedtotellhowmanyanimalsheowned,hehadnosystem(体系)ofnumberstouse.42.________Themoreanimals,themorestonesorpebbleshehad.Itmayexplainwhytheword“calculate”comesfromtheLatinword“calculus”whichmeans“stone”.43.________Peoplewouldjustscratch(划下痕迹)alineortallymarkforeachobjecttheywantedtocount,buttheyhadnowordtotellthenumber.Thenextstepinthedevelopmentofthenumbersystemwasprobablytousefingers.44.________Theword“digit”comesfromtheLatinword“digitus”.Itmeans“finger”!Andthefactthatwehave10fingersledtothegeneraluseof10inthesystemofnumbers.ThenumbersystemweusetodaywasinventedbytheHindusinIndiathousandsofyearsagoandwasbroughttoEuropeduringthe8thto11thcenturiesbyArabtraders.Inthissystemallnumbersarewrittenwiththeninedigits1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9andzero.45.________A.Heputastoneorpebbleintoabagforeachanimal.B.Butdoyouknowittookmanmillionsofyearstobeabletothinkthisway?C.Itisthedecimalsystem(十进制).Itisbuiltonthebaseof10.D.Thereweremanywaystorememberthenumbersinthepast.E.Lateron,manusedtallymarkstocount.F.Againwehaveawordthatgoesbacktothis.G.Hehadmanystonesandpebblesinhisbag.B阅读短文,回答问题。Shanghai-bornnovelistLuShi’ewroteafantasynovelcalledNewChinain1910.Inthebookhedescribedadreamwheretrainswererunningunderground,anironbridgecrossedtheHuangpuRiverandShanghaihostedasuccessfulWorldExpositionintheunderdevelopedPudongareaatthattime.Theblueprint(蓝图)describedinthenovelbecamerealexactlyafter100years.OnMay1,2010,theWorldExposition,withabout160yearsofhistory,drewbackitscurtainfromShanghai.AccordingtoasourceattheOrganizingCommittee(组织委员会)oftheWorldExposition2010Shanghai,itwasexpectedtoattractmorethan70millionvisitors,makingitthemostpopularexpositioninhistory.ItwasalsothefirsttimethattheWorldExpositionhadbeenheldinadevelopingcountry.About600yearsago,ShanghaiwasjustasmallfishingvillageinChina’seasterncoastalareas.Itgrewintoacommercial(商业的)citythankstoitsprosperous(旺盛的)portandShanghaialsobecameoneofthefirstChinesecitiesthatopenedtheirdoorstotheworld.Alongtheway,itbecametheeconomicandcommercialhubofChina.Today,Shanghaiisdevelopingintoaninternationalmetropolis(大都市).46.WherewasthenovelistLuShi’eborn?________________________________________________________________47.Whendidtheblueprintbecomereal?________________________________________________________________48.HowmanyvisitorswouldtheShanghaiExpositionattractaccordingtothematerial?________________________________________________________________49.WhatwasShanghailikeabout600yearsago?________________________________________________________________50.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?________________________________________________________________四、依据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文说明,写出句中所缺单词(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51.Theboysareplayingbasketballontheplaygroundat________(现在).52.Heownedfurniture________(工厂)inNewYorkState.53.Youcanborrowthebooksfromthelibrary,butyoumust________(归还)themontime.54.Agood________(丈夫)oftensharesthehouseworkwithhiswife.55.Shehaschangedalot________(在……期间)thelastsevenyears.56.[2024扬州广陵区期中]TomandIhavebeengoodfriendssincewewerein________(小学教化的)school.57.HaveyouheardfromyoursisterintheUSAr,Jack?58.ZhangLicomesfromthenpartofChina.59.—IsawLucyinthestreetyesterday.—That’s________(notpossible).ShehasgonetoEuropeforaholiday.60.—Haveyoueverbeen________(inaforeigncountry)?—Yes,IwenttoAmericaandAustralialastyear.五、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)ZhangHualivesinavillageatthefootofabigmountain.It61.________(use)tobeaverypoorvillage.Fifteenyearsago,thevillagers’livingconditionswereveryhard.People62.________(throw)rubbisheverywhere,sotheenvironmentwasverydirty.Whenthegirlsinthevillagegotmarriedand63.________(leave)thevillage,theyseldomreturnedtothevillage.Therewerenofridges,noTVsandnomobilephonesatthattime.People64.________(have)tocommunicatewithfriendsfarawaybywritingletters.There65.________(be)onlyasmallprimaryschoolinthevillage.Thechildrenhadtowalktostudyinamiddleschoolthirtykilometresawayfromtheirvillage.Butnoweverything66.________(change).Thevillageismuchcleanerthanbefore.People67.________(become)rich.Theyhaveenoughmoneytotravelaroundthecountry.Someofthemcaneven68.________(go)abroadforatrip.People69.________(build)amodernschool.Thechildrendon’tneedtowalkalongwaytoschoolanymore.Mostofthepeople70.________(have)theirownmobilephones.Theycankeepintouchwiththeirfriendsveryeasily.ZhangHuaishappywiththechanges.六、书面表达(满分10分)时间消逝,跟以前的自己相比较,你会有许多变更。请以“Ihavechangedalot!”为题,依据以下要求与提示,用英语写一篇短文,详细描述你最重要的变更及其是如何发生的。要求:1.短文不得出现任何真实人名、校名及其他相关信息,否则不予评分;2.不少于80词。提示:1.Whatdidyouusetobelike?2.Whatisthemostimportantchange?3.Andhowdidithappen?Tellastoryaboutit.Ihavechangedalot!__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit1综合素养评价一、1.D【点拨】用词义辨析法。句意为“——露西还没有从图书馆回来。——对。我已经打电话给她了”。already和yet都是表示时间的副词,也都用于完成时。但already一般用于确定句中,而yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。故选D。2.D【点拨】考查连词辨析。句意为“自从他们上次见面已经半年了”。since引导的从句用一般过去时态,主句用现在完成时态。故选D。3.C【点拨】考查介词辨析。句意为“这些年来,人们在这里建立了越来越多的高楼。但与此同时,城市变得更加拥挤”。on在(某一天);to到,至;over在……期间;since自……以后。此处是现在完成时,用overtheyears,意为“多年以来”,故选C。4.A【点拨】用词义辨析法。condition状况。依据“Whynotbuyausedcar?Mycousinhasoneinperfect...”可知,此处指车的状况不错,应用condition。故选A。5.D【点拨】考查副词辨析。句意为“多么可怕的阅历啊!不管怎样,我们很幸运,现在平安了”。Moreover此外,而且;Otherwise否则,不然;However然而;Anyway无论如何;不管怎样。依据语境可知应当是无论阅历多么可怕,现在平安是幸运的,故选D。6.B【点拨】考查形容词辨析。句意为“当你感到无助和孤独时,请记住你在这个世界上并不孤寂,因为你的挚友就在你身边”。lonely孤寂的,含有感情色调;alone单独的,强调无人陪伴。依据“Whenyoufeelhelpless”可知,第一空强调感情上感到孤寂,所以第一空填lonely;依据“justrememberthatyouarenot...intheworld”可知,其次空表示并不孤寂,所以其次空填alone。故选B。7.B【点拨】考查动词辨析。句意为“有时候,人们直到失去了才意识到某物有多重要”。describe描述;realize意识到;hope希望;return返回。依据语境可知,此处是指失去后才意识到有多重要。故选B。8.A9.D【点拨】句意为“——你父母什么时候结婚的?——他们结婚已经二十年了”。由did可知,第一空动词用原形;getmarried强调瞬间的动作,bemarried强调状态,依据时间状语“fortwentyyears”可知,其次空填havebeenmarried表状态。故选D。10.C11.D【点拨】考查名词辨析。句意:——米莉和陈先生在谈论什么?——沟通的主要话题是关于城镇的变更。situation状况;conclusion结论;competition竞赛;communication沟通。依据“talkingabout”和“Themaintopicof”可知,此处指二人的沟通。故选D。12.A【点拨】考查时态和语态。句意为“2024年中国许多公司起先供应5G服务,它是我们运用过的最快的网络”。分析结构和句意可知空格处运用现在完成时的主动语态。故选A。13.D14.D【点拨】句意为“琳达过去害怕 黑暗,但现在她已经习惯了独自生活”。usedtodosth.意为“过去常常干某事”,所以第一空应用动词原形be;getusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯干某事”,所以其次空用living。故选D。15.B【点拨】Notexactly不完全是。依据“Igottherefiveminutesbeforeitfinished.”可知,没有完全错过会议。故选B。二、【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了塞罕坝发生的巨大变更,由一片贫瘠的土地变成了一片美丽的大森林。呈现了我们祖国越来越美、越来越强大。16.B【点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意:它是一个位于河北承德的特殊大的森林。现在分词短语作后置定语。故选B。17.C【点拨】考查动词。句意:在蒙古语中,它的名字是“美丽的高地”的意思。动词mean意为“意思是”。故选C。18.C【点拨】考查动词。句意:塞罕坝曾经是一个皇家的猎场。usedtobe意为“曾经是”。故选C。19.D【点拨】依据本段第一句话可知,此处指“狩猎”。故选D。20.D【点拨】考查短语辨析。句意:1860年,因为缺钱,这片土地向全部人开放。becauseof因为,由于,符合语境。insteadof代替;accordingto依据,依据;thanksto多亏,均与语境不符。故选D。21.C【点拨】考查动词。句意:在接下来的几年里,砍伐树木和野火快速破坏了森林和草原。break破坏,符合语境。故选C。22.D【点拨】考查介词。句意:到20世纪50年头,塞罕坝已成为贫瘠的土地,没有动物或植物。介词without意为“无,没有”,符合语境。故选D。23.B【点拨】考查名词。句意:塞罕坝国家森林重建支配始于20世纪60年头。依据语境及本段最终的“anewnationalforest”可知,空白处应用forest表示“森林”,符合语境。故选B。24.D【点拨】growtrees意为“植树”,符合语境。故选D。25.A【点拨】考查副词。句意:最终他们找到了一棵树独自站立在这片广袤的土地上,这极大地激励了他们。finally最终,最终,符合语境。故选A。26.D【点拨】考查动词。句意:从那时起,他们确定把塞罕坝变成一个新的国家森林。turn...into...把……变成……,是固定搭配。故选D。27.B【点拨】考查名词。名词change意为“变更”,符合语境。故选B。28.C【点拨】考查动词。句意:这片贫瘠的土地变成了一片美丽的大森林。过去分词become意为“变成”,符合语境。故选C。29.D【点拨】befamousas意为“作为……而闻名”,是固定搭配。故选D。30.A【点拨】考查介词。句意:这对北京的水和空气质量很重要。介词for意为“对于”,符合语境。故选A。三、第一节A【主旨大意】这是一篇介绍家乡的文章。作者的家乡是一座历史悠久的海边城镇。有许多的游客来到这里参观和学习它的历史,给这座城镇带来希望和财宝。然而旅游业的发展也给当地的环境带来了污染。31.C【点拨】微小环节理解题。通过对文章其次段的理解可知,农业和旅游业是这里的主要商业。故选C。32.A【点拨】词义揣测题。依据语境可知,发展旅游业会推动“经济”的发展。故选A。33.D【点拨】A:这是发展旅游业的好机会;B:他们根本不应当发展旅游业;C:每个人都想赚钱;D:他们不能让旅游业在没有任何限制的状况下发展。联系上下文的语境可知,D选项符合题意,故选D。B【主旨大意】这篇文章讲解并描述了Martina的爷爷自从她的奶奶去世后就与她的家人同住,有一天,妈妈想把旧沙发给清理掉,但爷爷不愿,并且讲解并描述了旧沙发上发生的旧事,最终故事感动了家人们,他们也就把沙发留下来了。34.B【点拨】短语指代题。依据文章第七段中“Thenightyourfatherwasborn”及第三段中“John,Martina’sdad”可知,此处“thelittlebaby”指的是John。35.C【点拨】微小环节理解题。依据第五、七、八段中“whenIaskedhertomarryme”、“Thenightyourfatherwasborn”及“whenthedoctortoldmeyourgrandmawasill”可知选C。36.C【点拨】逻辑推理题。依据文章语境可知选C。C【主旨大意】这篇文章介绍了作者家乡过去和现在的变更,多亏水利工程和政府扶持政策,让作者的村里得到了很大的发展。37.B【点拨】推理推断题。依据其次段中“Theyaregoodmenfromourgovernment”可知,因为政府的支持,好人来供应帮助。故选B。38.C【点拨】推理推断题。依据第四段中“apolicy(政策)wasmadetoencouragemorepeopletoincrease(增加)thefruitproductionwithcleanwaterintheriver”可知,政策激励更多的人增加水果产量。故选C。39.D【点拨】短语揣测题。分析“Thankthosegoodmenwhohavedevotedthemselvestothedevelopmentofourcountryside.”可知,该句意为“感谢那些为我们的农村发展做出贡献的好人们”。此处“devotedthemselvesto”的意思是“投身于;付出许多努力;做出贡献”。故选D。40.A【点拨】最佳标题题。本文主要向我们介绍作者家乡过去和现在的变更,多亏水利工程和政府扶持政策,让作者的村里得到了很大的发展。选项A“一个村庄是如何改善的?”符合主题。故选A。其次节A【主旨大意】这篇文章介绍了算术的历史和发展。在古代,人们早期是用石头计算自己所拥有的动物,之后是画线来标记他们想要计算的东西,随后用手指来计算,并发展了数字体系等。41.B【点拨】依据前文“Itseemsverynaturalthatifyouhavetwodollarsandaddtwodollarstothem,youhavefourdollars.”和后文“Infact,oneofthemostdifficultthingstoteachchildrenistheideasofnumbers.”可知,数字的概念是人类经过长时间的摸索才学会这样思索的。选项B“但你知道人类花了数百万年才能够这样思索吗?”符合语境。故填B。42.A【点拨】依据后文“Themoreanimals,themorestonesorpebbleshehad.”可知,在古代,人们用石头或卵石计数。选项A“