高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

Unitl3虚拟语气专题讲解

【知识要点】

语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

英语有三种语气：

*直陈语气(indicativemood)----事实

FranceliestotheeastofEngland.

火祈使语气(imperativemood)----请求、命令

Makeyourselfathome.

*虚拟语气(subjunctivemood)

Iftherewerenoairandwater,weshouldnotbeabletoliveontheearth.

虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

一.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法

条件从句谓语主语谓语

假设类型

动词形式动词形式

与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)should/would/could/might+动词原形

should/would/could

与过去事实相反had+过去分词

/might+have+过去分词

1.should+动词原形

should/would/could/might+动词原形

与将来事实相反2.动词过去式

3.wereto+动词原形

1.在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指

的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。

1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'thavemissedthefilmlastnight.

2)Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor*sadvice,hewouldrecoveralready.(从句与过去事实相反,主

句与现在事实相反。)

2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should移到句

首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。

1)Hadwetimetospare,wewouldbegladtogotothepark.

2)Wereitnotforthediscoveryofelectricity,themodernworldwouldexperiencegreat

inconvenience.

3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词(如without,butfor等)引出的短语、分词

(如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出

的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。

1)Butforyouradvice,Iwouldnotbeabletodothiswork.

2)Victorobviouslydoesn'tknowwhat'shappened,otherwisehewouldn,thavemadesuchastupid

remark.°

4、通过Wereitnotfor...或Haditnotbeenfor...等句式表达条件

Wereitnotfor(=Ifitwerenotfor)theleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotliveahappylife.

Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

二.Wish引导的从句中用虚拟语气

与现在事实相反过去时(were)

与过去事实相反had+过去分词

与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形

IwishIwereastallasyou.

Hewishedhehadn，tsaidthat.

Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.

三.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气

一个(坚持)insist__________________

两个(命令)order,command

三个(建议)suggest,advise,propose.(recommend)

四个(要求)require,demand,request,ask

这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。

Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.

Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.

ItisarrangedthatheleaveforCanadaonFriday.

WhatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatweshouldputonaplayattheEnglishevening

Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgothereatonce.

四.It'snecessaxy/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+thatClause从句中的动

词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形

IItisagreatpitythatyou(should)thinkso.

Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresidentbeappointedforthiscollege.

Itisstrangethatthegirl(should)besoarrogant.

五.wouldrather后的宾语从句，用虚拟语气

Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.

Themanagerwouldratherthathissecretarywenttothemeetinginsteadofhim.

六.asif,asthough引导的从句，用虚拟语气

以asif、asthough(似乎，仿佛)引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非

真实情况，都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反

要用“had+过去分词〃；表示与将来可能相反的则用“would(could,might)+动词原形”。

Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewereanadult

Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.

七.由ifonly(要是……，那该多好啊！)引导的惊叹句，用虚拟语气

IfonlyIhadpassedthetest!

Ifonlyitstoppedraining!

IfonlyIhadtakenmother'sadvice

比较ifonly与onlyif

onlyif表示“只有〃；ifonly则表示〃如果……就好了〃。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

onlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。

Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。

八.Itis(high)timethat

Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.

Itishightimethatwehadourlunch.该是我们吃午饭的时候了。

Itistimethathemadeuphismind.该是他作出决定的时候了。

九、在和idea,necessity,plan,motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,under-standing

等词有关的同位语或表语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或"should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。

Myideaisthatthegroup(should)holdanothersessiontodiscusstheproblem.

Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectivestobeattainedbetakenintoaccountbefore

startinganewproject.

十、虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。

Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。

Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩的痛快

十一、情态动词中的虚拟语气

didn'tneedtodo表示：过去不必做某事，事实上也没做。.

needn'thavedone表示：过去不必做某事，但事实上做了。

JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn，tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰

开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。

JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn，thavewalkedbackhome.约翰

开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)

Youshouldn,tcomehereyesterday.

Ishouldhaveworkedhardlastyear,butIdidn,t.

基础练习：

1.Wedemandedthatweofanychangeintheplan.

A.informedB.wouldbeinformedC.beinformedD.hadbeen

informed

2.It'snecessarythathearecognizedqualification.

A.hasB.haveC.hadD.

having

3.It'shightimeweourattentiontothisproblem.

A.turnedB.turnC.hadturnedD.would

turn

4.IfonlyyouhimwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.

A.didn，ttoldB.hadn，ttold

C.wou1dnottellI),wouldhavenottold

5.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orheherethen.

A.wouldhavebeenB.hadbeen

C.shouldhavebeenD.couldbe

6.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputersbefore.

A.hadinventedB.wereinvented

C.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented

7.ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.

A.WeretheytoB.CouldtheyC.IftheyD.

Wouldthey

8.Fiveminutesearlier,andwethelastbus.

A.hadcaughtB.shouldhavecaught

C.couldhavecaughtD.caught

9.Youtheclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.

A.shouldn，thavewashedB.mustn'thavewashed

C.cannothavewashedD.needn，thavewashed

10.Jeandoesn*twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifsheajobsheprobably

wouldn，tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.

A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.could

havegot

11.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthehimself.

A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.

wouldinjure

12.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradiosafter11ofclockatnight.

A.werenotplayedB.nottoplayC.notbeplayedD.didnotplay

13.Youdon，thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouonbusinessfirst.

A.wouldgoB.willgoC.

wentD.havegone

14.Itisimportantthatenoughmoneytofundtheproject.

A.becollectedB.mustbecollected

C.wascollectedD.canbecollected

15.Ifonlythecommitteetheregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

A.approveB.willapproveC.canapproveD.

wou1dapprove

16.1don'tthinkitadvisablethatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.

A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeen

assigned

17.YouherinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.

A.needn，thaveseenB.musthaveseen

C.mighthaveseenD.canythaveseen

18.Wedidn，tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewehim.

A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephoned

C.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned

19.Itisrecommendedthattheprojectuntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.

A.isnotstartedB.willnotbestarted

C.notbestartedD.isnottobestarted

20.IwishI________longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.

A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept

提高练习

1.IfItheopportunityIwouldnothavemissedit.

A.hadgivenB.wasgivenC.hadbeengivingD.hadbeengiven

2.Ifwe_______yesterday,wethework.

A.weren*tinterrupted..,wouldfinishB.didn，tinterrupt..,wouldhavefinished

C.hadn'tbeeninterrupted.,wouldhavefinishedD.hadn'tinterrupted..,wouldhavefinished

3.IfthetransferofpowerinIraqhadtakenplacelaterthanJune28,2004,moreattacksfromIraqi

toAmericansoldiers.

A.wouldhavehappenedB.wouldhappen

C.willhavehappenedD.couldhavehappened

4.Yourexaminationresultswerequitesatisfactory,butifyouhadspentlesstimeinplaying

football?

A.wouldn，ttheyhavebeenbetterB.wouldn51theybe

better

C.won'ttheybebetterD.won'ttheyhavebeenbetter

5.Ididn'tknowthisPicassoexhibitwasclosed,butIwouldn，thavebeenabletocomeevenif

aboutit.

A.IknowB.rdknownC.IhavebeenknowingD.fve

known

6.Ifhehardinthepastfiveyears,thingswouldn'tbegoingsosmoothly.

A.hadnotbeenworkingB.hasnotbeenworking

C.wasnotworkingI),werenotworking

7.Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?

No.Ifhehad,Idon'tbelievehethelivingroomwindow.

A.wouldhavebrokenB.hadbrokenC.hasbrokenD.broke

8.Withallthisworkonhand,hetothecinemalastnight.

A.mustn，tgoB.wouldn*tgo

C.oughtn'ttogoD.shouldn，thavegone

9.rdratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

A.doB.didn，tdoC.don'tdoD.didn，t

10.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerialtoitsburningtemperature.

A.beheatedB.isheated

C.wouldbeheatedD.toheat

11.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe

A.fellbehindB.mayfallbehind

C.shouldfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind

12.todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.

A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI

13.Itishighlydesirablethatanewchairmanforthecommittee.

A.willbeelectedB.iselectedC.electD.beelected

14.Itisrequestedthateverystudentaplanforthenextsemester.

A.makesB.makeC.willmakeD.

wouldmake

15.Thelibrarianrecommendedthattheprofessorthenewlypublishedbook.

A.borrowB.

borrowed

C.shouldhaveborrowedD.borrowing

16.Iftheythecontractaheadoftime,theycouldnothavemissedtheplan.

A.signedB.hadsigned

C.wou1dhavesigned1).shouldsign

17.Idon，tthinkitadvisablethathetothejobsincehehasnoexperience.

A.beassignedB.wi11beassigned

C.isassignedD.hasbeenassigned

18.WhatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatweputonaplayattheEnglishevening?

A.willB.shouldC.hasD.

have

19.Hemusthavemissedthetrain,otherwisehethen.

A.shouldarrivehereB.hasarrivedhere

C.wouldhavearrivedhereD.arrivedhere

20.Itamistakenottohelphim.

A.willheB.canheC.wouldbeD.is

21.Mr.Johnsonprefersthatwithhimpersonally.

A.shespeaksB.shewillspeak

C.shespeakD.shewouldspeak

22.Youyesterday,ifyouwerereallyseriousaboutthejob.

A.oughttocomeC.oughttobecoming

B.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome

23.Theoldworkerurgedthatwecheapermaterialsinstead.

A.useB.usedC.woulduseD.willuse

24.WhenhetookthepenbacktoMary,shesaidcoldly,Youitsooner,forIit.

A.shouldhavereturned..,mightneedB.shouldhavereturned..,mighthaveneeded

C.shouldreturn..,mighthaveneededD.musthavereturned..,musthaveneeded

25.Iwouldhavewrittenbefore,butIillthen.

A.amB.wasC.hadbeenD.wouldbe

26.Suppose/Supposingyouhimnow,whatwouldyousaytohim?

A.meetB.metC.havemetD.wouldmeet

27.Susan_____writtenareportlikethis.

A.canhaveB.mustn,thave

C.can,thaveD.oughttonothave

28.Youtotowntoseethefilmlastweek.ItwillbeonTVtomorrow.

A.needn，tgoB.shouldnotgo

C.hadbetternotgoD.needn，thavegone

29.IhertothepartybutIdidn'tknowherwell.

A.oughthaveinvitedB.wouldhaveinvited

C.shouldinviteD.mayhaveinvited

30.Helendoesn'tknowhowmuchIspentinrepairingthehouse;ifsheeverfoundout,I'msureshe

__________me.

A.wouldneverforgiveC.doesneverforgive

B.neverforgivesD.willneverforgive

强化题

1.一TheChineseathletesdidextremelywellintheAthensOlympics.

—Yes,theyveryhard,ortheysuchgreatachievement.

A.musthavebeentrained；couldn'thavegot

B.musthavetrained；couldhavegot

C.musthavebeentrained；mustn,thavegot

D.shouldhavebeentrained；couldn'thavegot

2.EverythingifAlberthadn,tcalledthefirebrigade（消防队）.

A.willbedestroyedB.willhavebeendestroyed

C.wouldbedestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyed

3.Welastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.

A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudy

C.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudy

4.—Ifhe_________,he_______thatfood.

—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.

A.waswarned；wouldnottake

B.hadbeenwarned；wouldnothavetaken

C.wouldbewarned；hadnottaken

D.wouldhavebeenwarned；hadnottaken

5.—Butforthebirdflu（禽流感）inVietnaminthesummerof2004,I______youtogotoVietnam

forsightseeing.

—Really?Whatapity!

A.havetakenB.hadtaken

C.shouldhavetakenD.wouldhavetaken

6.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight,toocoldforusto

live.

A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly

C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly

7.HetoldmehowhehadgivenmeshelterandprotectionwithoutwhichI______ofhungerandcold.

A.wouldbediedB.wouldhavedied

C.woulddieD.willhavedied

8.Ishouldv