2022年安徽省宣城市高一下学期期末调研测试英语试卷

宣城市2021—2022学年度第二学期期末调研测试高一英语试题本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项。AShanghaiLibraryIntroductionShanghaiLibraryisacomprehensivepublicandresearchlibrary.Thereare33readingrooms,20individualcarrels,2exhibitionhalls,4lecturerooms,1multi－functionalhall,1auditoriumandseveralmusicappreciationroomsinit.Thelibraryopenseverydaythroughouttheyeartopeoplefromallwalksoflife.Since1996whenthenewbuildingwasofficiallyputintouse,over900thousandcardshavebeenissuedtothepublic.BasicInformationSelf－ServiceReadingRoomResource:Newarrivals,recentperiodicals(期刊)andnewspapersOpeningHours:15:00－21:30,Monday－SundayChineseDocumentsCirculationRoomResource:Books(publishedwithinfiveyears)andcurrentperiodicalsOpeningHours:13:30－20:30,Monday8:30－20:30,Tuesday－SundayMultimediaNewspapersReadingRoomResource:Chinesenewspaperspublishedathomewithin2years,electricnewspaperandTVnewsOpeningHours:8:30－20:30,Monday－Sunday(E－paper,8:30－17:00)ShanghaiLocalCollectionReadingRoomResource:Books,yearbooks,maps,encyclopediaandliteraryworksonShanghaiOpeningHours:8:30－17:00,Monday－SaturdayChineseAncientBooksReadingRoomResource:Ancientbooks(includingtheirreprints)OpeningHours:8:30－17:00,Monday－SaturdayRareBooksReadingRoomResource:Rarebooksandtheirfull－textdiscsOpeningHours:8:30－17:00,Monday－SaturdayReferenceBooksReadingRoomResource:Yearbooks,encyclopedia,dictionaries,namelists,universitybrochuresandmapsOpeningHours:9:00－17:00,Monday－Sunday1.InwhichRoomcanyoufindthemostinformationaboutShanghai?A.Self－ServiceReadingRoom. B.ShanghaiLocalCollectionReadingRoom.C.ChineseAncientBooksReadingRoom. D.RareBooksReadingRoom.2.WhenisChineseDocumentsCirculationRoomopenonFriday?A.15:00－21:30. B.13:30－20:30. C.8:30－20:30. D.8:30－17:00.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaccessibletovisitorstoShanghaiLibrary?A.Adancehallfordancelovers. B.Atelephonedirectoryofbusinesses.C.Appreciationofliteraryworks. D.Full－textdiscsofancientbooks.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了上海图书馆以及几个阅览室的基本情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ShanghaiLocalCollectionReadingRoom部分的“Resource:Books,yearbooks,maps,encyclopediaandliteraryworksonShanghai(资源：书籍、年鉴、地图、百科全书和有关上海的文学作品)”可知在ShanghaiLocalCollectionReadingRoom可以找到有关上海的资料。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ChineseDocumentsCirculationRoom部分的“OpeningHours:13:30－20:30,Monday8:30－20:30,Tuesday－Sunday(开放时间：星期一13：30-20：30；星期二—星期日8：30-20：30)”可知ChineseDocumentsCirculationRoom在周五开放时间是8:30－20:30。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Introduction部分“Thereare33readingrooms,20individualcarrels,2exhibitionhalls,4lecturerooms,1multi－functionalhall,1auditoriumandseveralmusicappreciationroomsinit.(其中有33间阅览室、20间独立室、2个展厅、4个演讲厅、1个多功能厅、1个礼堂和几间音乐欣赏室。)”可知上海图书馆里面没有舞厅。故选A项。BRiversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings,too.Theycanflood,orriseovertheirbanks,makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However,floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample,afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyone－hornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks,whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams,preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarinelife.Inaddition,floodwaterscancarrydisease,includinghepatitisAandcholera.However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance,someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.4.What’sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“clog”inparagraph2?A.become B.pollute C.block D.develop5.Howdofloodshelpecosystems?A.Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.B.Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C.Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.D.Floodscanimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.6.What’sthemainideaofparagraph3?A.Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals. B.Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C.Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil. D.Thereasonforpeople’sappreciatingfloods.7.What’sthebesttitleofthisarticle?A.TheManyEffectsofFlooding. B.TheSecretofFlooding.C.Floods－NotEverythingIsSoBad. D.Floods－aPartofNature.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为大自然的一部分，洪水对于生态系统既有好处也有坏处。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks,whichmakesthewaterdirty.(洪水会从河岸上吸收泥土，从而使水变脏。)”以及“Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams,preventingtheriverfromflowing.(太多的泥土会clog河流和溪流，阻止河水流淌。)”可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，以至于河水流淌出现困难。由此可推测此处的clog的意思应该是“堵塞”。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.(然而，洪水并非一无是处。有时它们会给生态系统带来新生命。洪水把营养物质带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水会干涸，留下灰尘和泥土的颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，它可以很好地改善土壤，帮助植物生长。)”可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地帮助生态系统。故选A项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.(然而，洪水并非一无是处。有时它们会给生态系统带来新的生命。)”以及“Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.(洪水对一些动物也很重要。)”以及“Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.(此外，在旱季，水可能会干涸，但洪水有助于为湿地补充水分，保持生态系统继续运转。)”可知文章第三段主要讲的是洪水对于生态系统的好处。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可以看到文章前两段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对于生态系统的益处，文章最后一段“Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.(洪水是自然的一部分。它们可以破坏生物和环境。但一些生态系统需要洪水才能生存下来。)”总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以“洪水是大自然的一部分”作为标题最合适。故选D项。CBabyducksareknownforswimminginanorderlylinebehindtheirmother.Manystudieshavelookedatwhyducklingsdothis.Itturnsouttheducklingssaveenergybytakingarideontheirmom’swaves.However,foralongtime,scientistsdidn’tunderstandwhyswimminginalinebehindmomhelpsbabyducklingssaveenergy.So,ateamofscientistsinScotlandandChinasetouttofindtheanswer.InOctober2021,theteampublishedtheirfindingsinascientificjournal.Theteammadeacomputersimulation(模拟)ofduckwaves,whichisamodelofareal－worldevent.Theteamstudiedthesimulationandfoundthataducklingwhoswimsinjusttherightspotbehinditsmotherhasaneasierswim.However,whenaducklingswimsonitsown,itkicksupwavesbehindit.Thisformsawake,orawavepath,behindtheduckling.Thewavesinitswake(尾流，航迹)maketheducklinguseupsomeenergy.Thisiswavedragatwork,aforcetopushorpullinaspecificdirection.Inthiscase,wavedraggoesagainsttheduckling’sforwardmotion,pullingitbackward.However,whentheducklingsswimintheirmom‘swake,thewavedragisreversed(反转，颠倒).Theyfeelapushinsteadofadrag.Thismakesiteasierfortheducklingstoswim.Butthisisonlytrueifducklingsswiminasweetspotinalinerightbehindtheirmom.Whenducklingslineupbehindtheirmom,theysharewithoneanother.Eachducklinginthelinepassesitswavesalongtotheducklingsbehindit.So,thewholegroupgetsafreeride.Still,theyoungducksneedtokeepupwiththeirmom.Swimminggetsharderiftheyfalloutofposition,whichisafairpunishmentforslowducklings.8.Whydoducklingsswimbehindtheirmotherinanorderlyway?A.Becauseducklingsareunwillingtobepunished.B.Becauseducklingsareafraidoflosingtheirwayhome.C.Becauseducklingscansavetheirenergywhileswimming.D.Becauseducklingsareanimalsfondofneatformation.9.Howdidscientistsfindthereasonforduckling’sfollowingtheirmother?A.Byinterviewingexperts. B.Bymakingexperiments.C.Bysearchingforinformationonline. D.Bywatchingducklingsinrivers.10.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.Ducklingsthatarelostwillbeill－treatedfortheirmistake.B.Scientistswanttoknowthereasonformotherducklings’swimminginaline.C.Scientistsexploresthephysicsofwhyducklingsswiminarowbehindtheirmother.D.AteampublishedtheirfindingsinascientificjournalinOctober2021.11.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyoureadthisarticle?A.Science. B.Fashion. C.Technology. D.Education.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家们用实验方式探索了小鸭子为什么在妈妈身后排成一列游泳的原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Itturnsouttheducklingssaveenergybytakingarideontheirmom’swaves.(事实证明，这些小鸭是通过乘坐妈妈的海浪来节省能量的。)”和第三段“Theteamstudiedthesimulationandfoundthataducklingwhoswimsinjusttherightspotbehinditsmotherhasaneasierswim.(研究小组研究了这一模拟，发现在妈妈身后正确位置游泳的小鸭子游得更容易。)”可知，小鸭子在妈妈身后有秩序地游是因为小鸭子在游泳时可以节省能量。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theteammadeacomputersimulation(模拟)ofduckwaves,whichisamodelofareal－worldevent.(研究小组用计算机模拟了鸭浪，这是一个真实事件的模型。)”可知，科学家采用实验的方式来研究。故选B。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Babyducksareknownforswimminginanorderlylinebehindtheirmother.Manystudieshavelookedatwhyducklingsdothis.(众所周知，小鸭子在妈妈身后整齐地游动。许多研究都在探究为什么小鸭会这样做。)”和第二段“However,foralongtime,scientistsdidn’tunderstandwhyswimminginalinebehindmomhelpsbabyducklingssaveenergy.So,ateamofscientistsinScotlandandChinasetouttofindtheanswer.(然而，很长一段时间以来，科学家们都不明白为什么在妈妈身后排队游泳可以帮助小鸭节省能量。因此，苏格兰和中国的一组科学家开始寻找答案。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍科学家们用实验的方式探索了小鸭子为什么在妈妈身后排成一列游泳的原因。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。纵观全文，可知在这篇文章中科学家们采用实验来研究小鸭子为什么在妈妈身后排成一列游泳的原因，因此这篇文章最有可能来源于报纸中的“科学”部分。故选A。DWhenIwasateenager,Iknewnothingaboutmentalhealth.Ifyouhadtalkedabout“safespaces”,Iwouldhavethoughtthatyoumeantabank.What’smore,Ididn’tcareaboutmentalhealth.WhywouldI?LikemyDadalwaysusedtosay,“Ifitisn’tbroke,don’tfixit!”But,unfortunatelymymentalhealthdid“break”.Aged17Idevelopedanorexia(厌食症).IttookmeagoodfewyearstorealizeIhadaproblem,butIneverwenttogethelpbecauseIneverfeltillenough.WhenIwas23,Iwasdiagnosedassevereanorexia.Iwastreatedatahospital.Peoplearealwaysinterestedtoknowwhathelpedmerecover.Itwassimple:comedy.Letmeexplain.Theword“comedy”isbelievedtodevelopfromtheAncientGreekmeaning“toreveal”.Itiscomedy’sjobto“reveal”things,toexplainandunderstand.ThiswassomethingIturnedtowhenIwasinrecoveryfromanorexia.I’dneverbeenabletoexplainwhatwasgoingoninsidemyhead;tryingtoexplainwhat’sgoingoninyourmindisliketryingtoexplainacolortosomeonewho’sblind.So,humorbecameawayofunderstandingthings.Nowit’sbecomeawayofhelpingotherpeople.AfterIrecoveredfrommyillnesswiththehelpofcomedy,Icomeupwithasix－weekcomedycourseaimedatpeoplewithmentalhealthdifficulties.Bydoingthecoursewithlike－mindedpeople,itbuildslastingfriendships,fightslonelinessandtalksaboutmentalhealthnormally.Whenaudiencesarelaughing,theymustbelistening,andwhenthey’relistening,theycanlearn.It’sthisuniqueopportunitythatenablescomedytoreachpeopleinacompletelydifferentwaytoallthesadstories,shockingstatisticsanddrydocumentariesaboutmentalhealthproblems.Comedywasnecessarytomyrecovery.IknowI’mnotaloneinthat.So,Iwanttopaythatforwardandshowotherpeoplethattheirmentalhealthdoesn’thavetobe“broke”beforetheycan“fixit”.12.Whywastheauthor’sillnessmentioned?A.Toshowtheseriousnessofhisillness. B.Toleadtothetopic—Comedy.C.Toexpresshislonelinessandpain. D.Toassesshismentalstatus.13.Whydidtheauthordevelopacomedycourse?A.Tomakefriendswithlike－mindedpeople.BTofindoutthetruemeaningof“comedy”.C.Tostudyhowtofightagainstloneliness.D.Tohelpmorepeoplerecoverfrommentalillness.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”refertointhelastparagraph?A.Comedy. B.Recovery.C.Mentalhealthdifficulties. D.Kindness.15.Whatcanyouinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.Heisgenerous. B.Heishelpful.C.Heisbadlyill. D.Heisunappealing.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在青少年时期不在乎心理健康，当自己被诊断出患了严重的厌食症之后，通过喜剧治好了心理疾病，并呼吁大家重视心理健康。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Aged17Idevelopedanorexia(厌食症).IttookmeagoodfewyearstorealizeIhadaproblem,butIneverwenttogethelpbecauseIneverfeltillenough.WhenIwas23,Iwasdiagnosedassevereanorexia.Iwastreatedatahospital.Peoplearealwaysinterestedtoknowwhathelpedmerecover.Itwassimple:comedy.(17岁时，我患上了厌食症。我花了好几年的时间才意识到我有问题，但我从来没有去寻求帮助，因为我从来没有觉得自己病得够厉害。23岁时，我被诊断为严重厌食症。我在医院接受了治疗。人们总是很想知道是什么帮助我康复的。很简单：喜剧。)”可知喜剧治好了作者的厌食症，所以作者提到厌食症是为了引出话题——喜剧。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“AfterIrecoveredfrommyillnesswiththehelpofcomedy,Icomeupwithasix－weekcomedycourseaimedatpeoplewithmentalhealthdifficulties.Bydoingthecoursewithlike－mindedpeople,itbuildslastingfriendships,fightslonelinessandtalksaboutmentalhealthnormally.(在喜剧的帮助下，我生病康复后，我举办了一个为期六周的喜剧课程，目标是有心理健康问题的人。通过与志同道合的人一起学习这个课程，它可以建立持久的友谊，对抗孤独，并正常地谈论心理健康。)”可知作者举办喜剧课程是为了来帮助更多的人从精神疾病中恢复过来。故选D项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Comedywasnecessarytomyrecovery.IknowI’mnotaloneinthat.So,Iwanttopaythatforwardandshowotherpeoplethattheirmentalhealthdoesn’thavetobe“broke”beforetheycan“fixit”(喜剧对我的康复是必要的。我知道在心理疾病方面我不是唯一的一个。所以，我想把这一点传递出去，告诉其他人，他们的心理健康并不一定要“崩溃”才能“修复”。)”可知在作者看来喜剧对于她的康复是必要的，而生活中精神方面有问题的人又不止她一个，因此她想告诉那些同样患有心理疾病的人他们的心理疾病完全是可以在崩溃之前修复的，所以此处的that应该指的是精神方面的问题。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“AfterIrecoveredfrommyillnesswiththehelpofcomedy,Icomeupwithasix－weekcomedycourseaimedatpeoplewithmentalhealthdifficulties.Bydoingthecoursewithlike－mindedpeople,itbuildslastingfriendships,fightslonelinessandtalksaboutmentalhealthnormally.(在喜剧的帮助下，我生病康复后，我举办了一个为期六周的喜剧课程，目标是有心理健康问题的人。通过与志同道合的人一起学习这个课程，它可以建立持久的友谊，对抗孤独，并正常地谈论心理健康。)以及最后一段“Comedywasnecessarytomyrecovery.IknowI’mnotaloneinthat.So,Iwanttopaythatforwardandshowotherpeoplethattheirmentalhealthdoesn’thavetobe“broke”beforetheycan“fixit”(喜剧对我的康复是必要的。我知道在心理疾病方面我不是唯一的一个。所以，我想把这一点传递出去，告诉其他人，他们的心理健康并不一定要“崩溃”才能“修复”。)”可知作者在自己康复之后举办了心理课程就是想帮助更多的患有心理疾病的人恢复，呼吁他们重视心理健康，所以可以推断作者是一个对别人有帮助的人。故选B项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatmakesagoodscientist?MynameisClara.Iamaclimatescientiststudyingtinyparticlesintheatmospherewhichisalayerofgasesthatsurroundsourplanet.Ihavewonderedaboutwhatmakesagoodscientist.____16____.Patience____17____.Theyhavepatienceforothers,patienceforthemselvesandpatiencewhenthingsgowrong.Afewyearsago,whenIworkedonaNASAmission,wesentaspacecrafttobringbackasampleofanasteroid,whicharerockyobjectsthattravelaroundthesun.Thespacecraftreachedtheasteroidin2018andreturnedwithapieceoftheasteroidin2021.Thenscientistsstudiedit.Scientificdiscoveriesdonottakeplaceovernight.Manyaresmallandgoslowly.Missionsoftentakeyearstocomplete.____18____.BeingOpenToOthersAgoodscientisthasanopenmind.Itcanbeeasytoignorepeopleyoudonotagreewith.Butweshouldbeopentonewideasandaskpeoplewhattheythink.____19____.Moreover,weshouldlearnfromourmistakes.Successalmostnevercomesquicklyoreasily.Chancesareyou’llstumblemanytimesfirst,butthat’sOKbecausemakingmistakesispartoflearning.CuriosityGoodscientistsarecurious,butweshouldalsobecuriousinourdailylives.Whenwearecuriousaboutotherpeople,wecancareaboutthem.Wecanbecomemoreunderstanding.Afterall,itiseasytobekind.Youcandoitanywhere,andakindactioncanmakesomeone’sday.Youdon’tknowwhatpeoplearegoingthroughunlessyoufindout.So,askquestionsabouteverything.Askyourfriendshowthey’redoing.Askyourselfwhatmakesyoufeelalive.Aboveall,makesuretopayattentiontotheworldandthepeoplearoundyou.____20____.Itisoursuperpower,andalsowhatmakesushuman.A.AgoodscientisthaspatienceB.Don’tbeashamedofbeingcuriousC.SometimesbeingopencanbeveryharmfulD.ThatiswhyhavingpatienceissoimportantE.AskyourworkmatestohavelunchwithyouF.Tome,itisthesameaswhatmakesagoodpersonG.Weshoulddothisevenwhenwedonotagreewiththem【答案】16.F17.A18.D19.G20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是要成为一名优秀的科学家应该具备那些条件。【16题详解】根据空前“Ihavewonderedaboutwhatmakesagoodscientist.(我一直想知道是什么造就了一个好的科学家。)”可知作者想知道成为一名优秀的科学家的条件，所以接下来应该讲条件有哪些。F项“Tome,itisthesameaswhatmakesagoodperson.(对我来说，这和造就一个好人是一样的。)”说明成为一名优秀科学家的条件和成为一个好人的条件是一样的，承接上文，符合上下语境。故选F项。【17题详解】根据本段的中心词“Patience(耐心)”以及空后“Theyhavepatienceforothers,patienceforthemselvesandpatiencewhenthingsgowrong.(他们对别人有耐心，对自己有耐心，当事情出错时也有耐心。)”可知本段是围绕着好的科学家有耐心这一点展开，所以空处应该讲的是优秀的科学家要有耐心这一条件，A项“Agoodscientisthaspatience.(一位优秀的科学家有耐心。)”概括全段的内容，符合上下文语境。故选A项。【18题详解】根据空前“Scientificdiscoveriesdonottakeplaceovernight.Manyaresmallandgoslowly.Missionsoftentakeyearstocomplete.(科学的发现并不是在一夜之间发生的。许多发现都很小，而且速度很慢。这些任务通常需要数年的时间才能完成。)”可知此处是在讲作为一名优秀的科学家要有耐心的原因，所以接下来应该对全段进行总结，D项“Thatiswhyhavingpatienceissoimportant.(那就是为什么有耐心如此重要的原因。)”总结上文，同时回扣本段主题。故选D项。【19题详解】根据空前“Agoodscientisthasanopenmind.Itcanbeeasytoignorepeopleyoudonotagreewith.Butweshouldbeopentonewideasandaskpeoplewhattheythink.(一个好的科学家会有一个开放的心态。忽视那些你不同意的人是很容易的。但我们应该对新的想法持开放态度，并询问人们他们的想法。)”可知要想成为一名好的科学家要有一个开放的心态，所以空处应该接着说有一个开放的心态应该怎么做，G项“Weshoulddothisevenwhenwedonotagreewiththem.(即使我们不同意他们的意见，我们也应该这样做。)”承接上文，而且G项中的“this”指代上文的“weshouldbeopentonewideasandaskpeoplewhattheythink.”，符合上下文语境。故选G项。【20题详解】空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句。根据空后“Itisoursuperpower,andalsowhatmakesushuman.(这是我们的超能力，也是让我们成为人类的原因。)”可知空处的主旨句应该讲我们为什么会成为人类。B项“Don’tbeashamedofbeingcurious.(不要因为好奇而感到羞耻。)概括全段内容，指明原因，而且空后的“It”指代B项中的“beingcurious”，符合上下文语境。故选B项。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AnibalAmadorknowsthatbasketballisnothingwithoutthenet.Thatiswhyhe____21____spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(篮球框).So,forthepastfewyearsAmadorhasbeenbuyingbasketballnetsandwiththehelpofaladderhe____22____fromhisapartment,he____23____themtotherimsatahandfulofplaygroundsnearhishome.Lastyear,agroupofplayersatoneplaygroundwaited____24____asAmador,then55,carefullybalancedatthetopofhisladderandfinishedfastening____25____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.Whenhewasdone,they____26____.“Itismuchbetterfor____27____withthenets,”Amadorsaid,sharingahugesmile.Amadormovedherealmost30yearsago,workinginrealestate(房地产)untilrecently.Heislookingto____28____outintosomethingelsebut,inthemeantime,heplaysbasketballtwoorthreetimesaweekand____29____thenetsathisfavoritecourtsasneeded,roughlyeverynineweeks.“The_____30_____ofplaythatthesecourtsgetissurprising,”hesaid.“It’salot,andthenetsreallydon’t_____31_____.”Once,whenhewasputtingupsomenewnets,oneoftheregularplayersgaveAmador＄20tocovertheexpenses.Theplayerwasshockedthatsomeonewouldbeso_____32_____withhismoneyandtime.“Ithoughtheworkedforthecity,”themansaid.“Heevenbringsoutalongbrushandcleansthe_____33_____.I’veneverseenthatbefore.”Amadorsayshedoesitsimplyfortheloveofthegame.Becauseeverygreatbasketballstarhasa_____34_____－LeBroniscalledKingJamesandEarvinJohnsonisMagic.WhenAmadorwasaskedifhehadone,withabigsmileonhisface,hereplied,“Iwasthinkingmaybe…theNet_____35_____.”21.A.rarely B.temporarily C.clumsily D.regularly22.A.discovers B.brings C.purchases D.chooses23.A.handing B.taking C.fastening D.observing24.A.patiently B.casually C.quickly D.secretly25.A.clean B.new C.special D.common26.A.left B.shocked C.cheered D.returned27.A.him B.kids C.me D.players28.A.break B.check C.bring D.branch29.A.watches B.replaces C.comments D.decorates30.A.amount B.level C.range D.degree31.A.last B.flash C.stop D.move32.A.mean B.generous C.strict D.curious33.A.apartments B.streets C.backboards D.parks34.A.career B.reputation C.profession D.nickname35.A.Cleaner B.Changer C.Seller D.Builder【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.C27.D28.D29.B30.A31.A32.B33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了经常定期无私更换篮网的55岁的AnibalAmador的故事。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么他经常花自己的钱买全新的网兜做运动场的轮辋。A.rarely稀少的；罕见地；B.temporarily暂时地；C.clumsily笨拙地；D.regularly有规律地；定期地。根据空前“AnibalAmadorknowsthatbasketballisnothingwithoutthenet.”以及“spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(篮球框).”可知AnibalAmador知道没有篮网篮球就没有用，所以经常自己花钱买崭新的篮网。故选D项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，在过去的几年里，AnibalAmador一直在购买篮球网，并在他从公寓带来的梯子的帮助下，把它们固定在他家附近几个操场的篮筐上。A.discovers发现；B.brings带来；C.purchases购买；D.chooses选择。根据空后的“fromhisapartment,”可知AnibalAmador从公寓带来了梯子。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，在过去的几年里，AnibalAmador一直在购买篮球网，并在他从公寓带来的梯子的帮助下，把它们固定在他家附近几个操场的篮筐上。A.handing传递；B.taking拿；接受；C.fastening固定；D.observing观察；遵守；庆祝。根据后文“finishedfastening____5____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.”可知是把篮球网固定在他家附近几个操场的篮筐上。故选C项。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：去年，一群球员在一个操场上耐心等待，当时55岁的Amador小心地站在梯子的顶部，把新网系在网圈上，然后用刷子清理篮板。A.patiently有耐心地；B.casually随意地；C.quickly飞快地；D.secretly秘密地。根据后文“asAmador,then55,carefullybalancedatthetopofhisladderandfinishedfastening____5____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.Whenhewasdone,they____6____.”可知当AnibalAmador在换篮网时球员们在耐心地等待着。故选A项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年，一群球员在一个操场上耐心等待，当时55岁的阿马多尔小心地站在梯子的顶部，把新网系在网圈上，然后用刷子清理篮板。A.clean干净的；B.new新的；C.special特殊的；D.common普遍的。根据前文“Thatiswhyhe____1____spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(篮球框).”可知是将新篮网系在网圈上。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他结束后，他们欢呼起来。A.left离开；B.shocked震惊；C.cheered喝彩，鼓舞；D.returned归还。根据前文“Lastyear,agroupofplayersatoneplaygroundwaited____4____asAmador,then55,carefullybalancedatthetopofhisladderandfinishedfastening____5____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.”可知球员们耐心等着Amador将新篮网换上后终于可以继续打球，所以此处应该是因高兴而欢呼。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词或代词词义辨析。句意：Amador露出灿烂的笑容说：“这对球员来说更好。”A.him他；B.kids小孩；C.me我；D.players球员，参与者。根据上文“Lastyear,agroupofplayersatoneplaygroundwaited____4____asAmador,then55,carefullybalancedatthetopofhisladderandfinishedfastening____5____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.”可知新篮筐当然对打球的球员更好。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正希望拓展到其他领域，但与此同时，他每周打两三次篮球，并根据需要更换他最喜欢的球场的球网，大约每9周更换一次。A.break打破；B.check检查；C.bring带来；D.branch分支，分叉。根据空后“somethingelse”可知是拓展到其他领域。短语branchout意为“拓展业务；扩大活动范围”。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正在寻求拓展到其他领域，但与此同时，他每周打两三次篮球，并根据需要更换他最喜欢的球场的球网，大约每9周更换一次A.watches观察；B.replaces以……取代；C.comments评论；D.decorates装修。根据空后“thenetsathisfavoritecourtsasneeded,roughlyeverynineweeks.”可知是在他最喜欢的球场更换球网。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些球场得到的比赛数量令人惊讶。A.amount数量；B.level水平；C.range范围；D.degree程度。根据后文“It’salot,andthenetsreallydon’t____11____.””可知在球场打比赛的数量很大，所以篮网持续的时间不长。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：比赛数量很多，所以篮网真的不会持久。”A.last持续；B.flash使发光，飞驰；C.stop停止；D.move移动。根据前文““The____10____ofplaythatthesecourtsgetissurprising,”hesaid.“It’salot,”可知因为比赛数量大，所以篮网不会维持很长时间。故选A项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：球员震惊于有人会对他的金钱和时间会如此慷慨。A.mean吝啬的；刻薄的；B.generous大方的；C.strict严格的；D.curious好奇的。根据前文“Thatiswhyhe____1____spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(篮球框).”可知他自己花时间和金钱来买篮网、换篮网，所以是慷慨的。故选B项。33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至会拿出一把长刷子，清理篮板。我以前从未见过这样的情况。A.apartments公寓；B.streets街道；C.backboards篮板；D.parks公园。根据前文“beforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.”可知是用刷子清理篮板。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为每个伟大的篮球明星都有一个绰号——勒布朗叫詹姆斯国王，埃尔文·约翰逊叫魔术师。A.career生涯；B.reputation名声；C.profession职业；D.nickname绰号。根据后文“hereplied,“Iwasthinkingmaybe…theNet____15____.”可知因为他经常更换篮网，所以被称为“篮网更换者”，所以每个伟大的篮球明星都有一个绰号。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问到他是否有一个时，他脸上带着灿烂的笑容，回答说：“我想也许……篮网更换者。A.Cleaner清洁工；B.Changer改变者；C.Seller销售者；D.Builder建造者。根据前文“Thatiswhyhe____1____spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(篮球框).”可知因为Amador经常换篮网，所以被称为“篮网更换者”。故选B项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BEIJING－TaikonautsoftheShenzhouXIVcrewwillcarryout24in－orbitmedicalexperimentsduringtheirsix－monthstayinChina’sspacestation,accordingtotheChinaMannedSpaceAgency.Thesespacemedicalexperimentsaremainlydesignedtostudyhowthe____36____(weight)environmentandspaceflightsaffecttaikonauts,saidLiYinghui,deputychiefdesignerofChina’smannedspaceprogramtaikonautsystem.____37____(compare)withpreviouscrewedmissions,theShenzhouXIVwillcollectbodyfluidsamples,____38____(include)taikonauts’blood,urine,andsaliva(唾液).Thetrio(三人组)willalsousespecialmethodstomeasuremuscle____39____(lose)andanalyzeurinemetabolites(代谢物).Lialsonotedthatthebodydata____40____(collect)bythepreviousShenzhouXIIandShenzhouXIIItaikonautshaslaid____41____goodfoundationfortheresearchbytheShenzhouXIVcrew.ChinaonJune5th,2022____42____(launch)thethree－personShenzhouXIVmission,____43____isthethirdcrewforthecountry’sspacestationproject.Thetaikonauttriowillcooperate____44____thegroundteam_____45_____(complete)theassemblyandconstructionoftheTiangongspacestation.Theywillalsoworkinitsexperimentcapsulesforscientificexplorationoflife,ecology,andbiotechnology.【答案】36.weightless37.Compared38.including