新教材高中英语Unit1PeopleofAchievement过关检测新人教版选择性必修第一册

第一单元过关检测

（时间：90分钟满分：120分）

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachel

Carson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemost

importantwomanofthepast100years?

JaneAddams（1860-1935）

AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamsto

thank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseof

community（社区）bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesfor

peopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobel

PeacePrize.

RachelCarson（1907-1964）

Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexist

today.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersof

pollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld's

lakesandoceans.

SandraDayO'Connor（1930-present）

WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLaw

School,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasa

woman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator（参议员）and,in1981,thefirstwoman

tojointheUSSupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportant

casesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks（1913-2005）

On1December1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupher

seatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.Butit

1

alsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,and

kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement."TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgiving

in,“saidParks.

1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?

A.Hersocialwork.

B.Herteachingskills.

C.Hereffortstowinaprize.

D.Hercommunitybackground.

|解析|细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Anyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocial

workerhasJaneAddamstothank.”可知，任何曾经得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢

JaneAddams,由此推知,她在历史上以社会工作者而闻名。故选A项。

2.WhatwasthereasonforO'Connor,sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?

A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.

B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.

C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.

D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.

解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的"...shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirm

becauseshewasawoman.可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作是因为她是一名女性，这

是对于女性的歧视。故选C项。

3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?

A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.

C.SandraDayO'Connor.D.RosaParks.

ggD

|解析|细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...andkickedoffthecivil-rights

movement.v可知，RosaParks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D项。

B

2

Ialwaysfeelsorryforworldleadersbusydealingwithfightsbetween

nations.Whenmythreechildrenwereyoung,mostdaysitwashardtokeepmy

housefrombecomingabattlefield.

Itgotworseastheygrewolder.Threeyearsago,Zack,then16,couldn'tmake

itthroughadaywithoutmakinghissisters,Alex11andTaryn9,angry.

MyhusbandandItriedtobeunderstandingtheboyatsuchanage.We

reasoned,punished,andleftheartfeltnotesonhisbedabouthowhewashurting

ourfamily.Hisanswerwas“Isayitbecauseit'strue.”

Ieventriedtellingthegirlstofightback.Badidea.NowIhadthree

childrenatwar.WhateverIsaidtothem,theypaidnoattention.Whentherewas

nowayout,Itoldeverythingtomysister,Mary,inanemail.Shereplied,"Don't

emailme.Emailhim.”

Oursonwasonlineeveryday,mailingandtalkingwithhisfriends.Maybehe

wouldactuallyhearmethisway.Ididn'tsayanythingdifferent,butemailjust

tookthetensionaway.There,dbenoshoutingordoorbanging.Zackwouldn,t

feelunderattack.

Zackdidn,treplyfordays.Whenhefinallydid,hisentiremessagewasfour

smallwords.IsmiledwhenIreadthem:"You'reright.I'msorry.”

Thechildrenstillfought,ofcourse,butZackchanged.Bestofall,Inowhave

abetterwaytotalkwithnotonebutthreeofthem.Ilikeitthattheydon't

tunemeoutasmuchastheyusedto.Theylikenothavingtolistentome

shoutingtothem.OrasAlexsays,"You'resomuchniceronline.”

AllIknowisthatthehouseisquiet.Butwe'retalking.

4.Whatwasthetroublebeforetheonlinetalkinthefamily?

A.Thechildrencouldn'tgetalongpeacefully.

B.Thewriterfailedtounderstandherdaughters.

C.Thefamilyfounditdifficulttokeepthehouseclean.

D.Theparentswerenotwillingtotalkwiththeirchildren.

3

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Threeyearsago,Zack,then16,couldn?tmakeit

throughadaywithoutmakinghissisters,Alex11andTaryn9,angry.”可知，在作

者给儿子发邮件之前的日子里,孩子们不能和平相处。故选A项。

5.Thewriteremailedhersister.

A.toescapefromtheproblem

B.hopingshe'demailtheboy

C.totellheraboutthefamilyproblem

D.askingaboutchild-raising

解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whentherewasnowayout,Itoldeverythingto

mysister,Mary,inanemail.??可知，作者在没有办法解决的情况下,给姐姐发了邮件说这

个问题。故选C项。

6.Theunderlinedphrase“tunemeout”inthepassageprobablymeans

A.paynoattentiontome

B.getangrywithme

C.quarrelwithme

D.keepmeoutoftheirrooms

ggA

解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中的"WhateverIsaidtothem,theypaidno

attention.可知，在以前孩子们不理会作者说的话，再根据画线词后的“asmuchasthey

usedto”可知，本句意思是作者喜欢孩子们不像以前那样忽视她。故选A项。

7.Whydoesthewriterfeelsorryforworldleadersbusydealingwithfights

betweennations?

A.Becauseshedoesn'tthinktheleadersaresuccessful.

B.Becauseshedoesn'tthinkfightscanbestopped.

C.Becauseshehasnothingtodowiththeleaders.

D.Becauseshecanunderstandthattheleaders?jobishard.

4

解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whenmythreechildrenwereyoung,mostdaysit

washardtokeepmyhousefrombecomingabattlefield.可知，作者之所以理解国家

领导人的难处,是因为她难以处理孩子们之间的矛盾。故选D项。

C

WhenAlbertEinsteinwasyoung,hewasaquietchildwhospentmuchofhis

timealone.Hewasslowtotalkandhaddifficultyinlearningtoread.

WhenAlbertwasfiveyearsold,hisfathergavehimacompass.Albertwas

filledwithwonderwhenhediscoveredthatthecompassneedlealwayspointedin

thesamedirection一thenorth.Heaskedhisfatherandhisunclewhatcausedthe

needletomove.TheiranswersweredifficultforAlberttounderstand.Yethe

spentalotoftimethinkingaboutthem.Hesaidlaterthathefeltsomething

mustbehiddenbehindthings.

Albertdidn'tlikeschool.TheGermanschoolsofthattimewerenot

pleasant.Studentscouldn'taskquestions.Albertsaidhefeltasifhewerein

prison.

OnedayAlberttoldhisuncleJacobhowmuchhehatedschool,especially

mathematics.Hisuncletoldhimtosolvemathematicalproblemsbypretendingto

beapoliceman."Youarelookingforsomeone,“hesaid,“butyoudon'tknow

whoheis.CallhimX.Findhimbyusingyourmathematicaltools.”

Albertlearnttolovemathematics.Hewasstudyingthecomplexmathematics

ofcalculus（微积分）whileallhisfriendswerestillstudyingsimple

mathematics.Insteadofplayingwithhisfriendshethoughtaboutthingssuchas

“Whatwouldhappenifpeoplecouldtravelatthespeedoflight?”

Albertwantedtoteachmathematicsandphysics.Hegraduatedwith

honours,butitwasapitythathecouldnotgetateachingjob.

8.Accordingtoparagraph2,wecanlearnthatAlbertEinstein.

A.wasinterestedinthecompass

B.wantedtobeagreatscientist

C.wasnotcleverenough

5

D.didn'tlikethinkingbyhimself

解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Albertwasfilledwithwonderwhenhe

discoveredthatthecompassneedlealwayspointedinthesamedirection一the

north."可知，爱因斯坦对指南针很感兴趣。故选A项。

9.WhydidAlbertEinsteinhateschool?

A.Hecouldn'tplaywithhisfriendsthere.

B.Studentswerenotallowedtoaskquestions.

C.Theschoolswerelikeprisonsatthattime.

D.Hehadtolearnmathematicsthathedidn'tlike.

ggB

|解析|细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheGermanschoolsofthattimewerenot

pleasant.Studentscouldn'taskquestions.可知，德国学校不允许学生问问题，因此,

爱因斯坦不喜欢学校。故选B项。

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“complex“probablymean?

A.Useful.B.Difficult.

C.Boring.D.Interesting.

解析|词义猜测题。根据本句"Hewasstudyingthecomplexmathematicsofcalculus

whileallhisfriendswerestillstudyingsimplemathematics.”说明该词与

simple是反义词。difficult“困难的”符合语境。故选B项。

11.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.Einsteinbecameamathematicsteacheraftergraduation

B.Einsteingraduallylovedmathematicswithhisuncle'shelp

C.Einstein'sunclewasapoliceman

D.Einsteinlikedplayingwithotherchildren

ggB

廨同推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三段内容可知他的叔叔教他如何学习数学，他是在

叔叔的影响下喜欢上数学的。故选B项。

6

D

Ifyourjobrequiresalotofsitting,youcouldbeputtingyourhealthat

danger.

TheAmericanJournalof功曲z'。/。酊（流行病学）didastudyin2010onthe

correlation（关联）betweensittingandanindividual,sphysicalhealth.Inthe

study,53,440workingmenand69,776workingwomenweresurveyedontheirtime

spentsitting.Thesubjectswerealldiseasefreewhenemployed.Theresearchers

identified11,307deathsinmenand7,923deathsinwomenduringthe14-year

follow-up.

Thefindings:Womenwhoreportedsittingformorethansixhoursperdayhad

anapproximately40higherall-causedeathratethanthosewhoreportedless

thanthreehoursaday,andmenhadanapproximately20higherdeathrate.

Well,now?safinetimetogetthisinformation.Butwhydidn'ttheytell

methisyearsago?Iwouldhaveplannedontakingamoreactivejobinsteadof

thesedentary（需要久坐的）jobofaneditor.

Sowhatcanyoudoifyouhavetoworkforalivingatajobthatrequires

alotofsitting?Herearesomeideas:

First,takefrequentbreaks.Itisrecommendedthatworkersvary

activities,changetheirposition,andtakeshortbreaksevery20minutestorest

musclesandincreasebloodcirculation.Second,getastandingdesk.Somestudies

haveshownthatworkingfromanuprightpositionmaybebetterforhealth.The

seriousfitnesspeoplecanevenpurchaseatreadmill（跑步机）desk.Itonlygoes

aboutonemileperhour.Third,haveawalkingmeeting.Ifyourgroupiskindof

small,goingforawalkwhilediscussingtopicsisagoodalternative.

12.Accordingtothetext,thestudyin2010.

A.foundmenreportingshortersittingtimethanwomen

B.surveyedmorementhanwomenontheirdailysittingtime

C.identifiedfewerdeathsinmenthaninwomenduringthe14-yearfollow-up

D.discoveredcorrelationbetweensittingandphysicalhealthinmenandin

women

7

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"TheAmericanJournalofEpidemiologydida

studyin2010onthecorrelationbetweensittingandanindividual,sphysical

health."可知，《美国流行病学杂志》在2010年做了一个关于久坐和个人身体健康关联的

研究调查。故选D项。

13.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthordidnotrecommend.

A.usingastandingdesk

B.restingone'smuscles

C.quittingsedentaryjobs

D.takingawalkwhilediscussing

ggc

画推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者建议那些长时间坐着工作的人使用立式办公桌，

放松肌肉或者边走边讨论,并没有提到放弃久坐不动的工作。故选C项。

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subjects“inparagraph2mean?

A.Thingsbeingdiscussed.

B.Peoplebeingstudied.

C.Areasofknowledgebeinglearned.

D.Objectsbeingpainted.

ggB

|解析|词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Inthestudy,53,440workingmenand69,776

workingwomenweresurveyedontheirtimespentsitting.“可知，该研究对53,440

个男员工和69,776个女员工坐着的时间进行了调查,发现这些人在受雇时均无疾病。由此

可知画线词词义为“被调查的人"。故选B项。

15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Yourlong-sittingjobcouldbekillingyou.

B.Workingoutleadstohealthrisks.

C.Long-timesittingispositivelyassociatedwithhealth.

D.Astudyonsittingtimeandphysicalhealthwascompleted.

ggA

8

解析|主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的"TheAmericanJournalof

Epidemiologydidastudyin2010onthecorrelationbetweensittingandan

individual'sphysicalhealth.”以及第三段的研究结果可知，本文主要介绍的是《美国

流行病学杂志》的一项研究表明，工作时久坐对我们的身体健康有不利影响。故选A项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多

余选项。

Themostsuccessfulpeopleallhavecertainhabitsintheirdaily

routines.Thesehabitshelpcontributetotheirsuccess.Forminganewgoodhabit

canbeastruggle,butitiswellworththeeffort.16

Setyourgoal.

Beforeyoucanbegintoworkonyournewhabit,itisworthwhiletoconsider

yourgoal.17Makesurethatyourgoalisspecific,measurableandrealistic

toincreaseyourchancesofsuccess.

18

Choosingthehabitsthataremostlikelytohelpyouachieveyourgoalis

important.Afteryouhavesetyourgoalandworkedoutallthespecificsof

achievingthatgoal,identifyahabitthatispartofachievingthat

goal.Considerwhatgoodhabitwouldhelpyouaccomplishthatgoal.

Consideryourmotivation.

Onceyouhaveidentifiedyourgoalandthenewhabityouneedtoaccomplish

thisgoal,takesometimetoconsideryourmotivation.19Goodmotivationcan

bethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureintermsofforminganew

habit.Sotakeyourtimetoconsideryourmotivation.

Giveyourselftime.

Forminganewhabitcantakealongtime.Somepeoplecanformanewhabit

inaslittleasafewweeks,whileotherpeoplewilltakeseveralmonths.Asyou

worktoformyournewhabit,justkeepinmindthatitmaybeawhilebeforeit

comestrue.20

A.Identifywaystoachievegoals.

9

B.Findthehabityouwanttoform.

C.Goodhabitsaresuretomakeyouasuccess.

D.Herearethefourstepsyoucanfollowtoformgoodhabits.

E.Figureoutexactlywhatyouhopetoaccomplish.

F.Trytobepatientwithyourselfasyouformyournewhabit.

G.Yourmotivationisthereasonyouwanttoformthisnewhabit.

答案16~20DEBGF

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选

项。

AnEnglishmanisbeingpraisedforhisactofkindness.He21an

expensivebikefor£80onlysohecouldreturnittoits22owner.

26-year-oldBurkewasabouttoleavethe23afterfinishinghisroutine

physicalexerciseswhenhewas24bythreemenaskingifhewantedtobuya

bike.Burkewasimmediately25ofitsoriginsincetheyweretryingtosell

the£1,350bikefor£80.Apartfromthat,he26therewasabikelockstill

27totherearwheel（后轮）.

AfterBurkegotthebike,hepostedaphotoofitonsocialmediato28

itsowner.Withinhours,Burkewas29bythebike'sowneronthephone,whose

househadbeenburgled（入室盗窃）.Theman's30foritsreturnwasbeyond

words.Hetriedto31themoneytoBurke,butBurkerefused,telling32

thathe"didn'tfeelrighttakingmoneyfromtheunfortunateman.”

Burkehassincebeenreportedbysocialmediaforhis“heroic”

deed,althoughhe33thathedidnotreturnthebikeformediaattention.

34,Burkewasdelightedtoreceivetheonline35tohishonesty.

21.A.rentedB.purchased

C.soldD.borrowed

10

解析|设空处与第三段中“AfterBurkegotthebike...”的“got”在语义范畴上一致，

表示“购买”。rent“出租，租用”；purchase“购买”；sell“出售"；borrow“借”。故

选B项。

22.A.carelessB.desperate

C.generousD.original

解析根据第三段首句“AfterBurkegotthebike,hepostedaphotoofitonsocial

mediatoitsowner."可知,Burke买下自行车后，在社交媒体上发布了自行车的照

片，希望能够联系上物主。careless“粗心的"；desperate“绝望的；拼命的"；generous

“慷慨的;仁慈的;丰富的"；original"原来的;最初的"。故选D项。

23.A.gymB.office

C.factoryD.station

ggA

解析|根据设空后信息uafterfinishinghisroutinephysicalexercises”可知,Burke

应是在健身房锻炼身体。gym“健身房”；office“办公室”；factory“工厂”；station

“车站”。故选A项。

24.A.persuadedB.required

C.approachedD.begged

ggc

ggBurke在健身房结束健身活动准备离开时,三个人走近他问他是否想买自行车。

persuade"说服"；require“需要”；approach"接近；走近”；beg"恳求;祈求；乞讨”。

故选C项。

25.A.awareB.skeptical

C.confidentD.nervous

ggB

而根据设空后的“一.sincetheyweretryingtosellthe£1,350bikefor

£80."可知,售价1350英镑的自行车只需80英镑就可以买到,Burke对此感到怀疑。

aware"意识到；察觉到"；skeptical“怀疑的”；confident”有信心的；确信的"；nervous

“焦虑的;胆怯的"。故选B项。

26.A.ignoredB.understood

11

C.predictedD.noticed

迪句意:除对价格差距感到怀疑外，他还注意到自行车后轮上还上着锁。ignore“忽视；

不予理睬”，understand“理解"；predict”预言;预告；预报”；notice“注意到"。故选

D项。

27.A.attachedB.exposed

C.comparedD.adjusted

解析|句意同上题。attach"把...附在....上"；expose”暴露;揭穿“；compare"比较;

对比"；adjust"调整;适应;整理”。故选A项。

28.A.consultB.track

C.protectD.educate

ggB

画|Burke买下自行车后在社交媒体上发布照片,希望能追踪到物主。consult”咨询;查

询”；track“追踪”；protect“保护"；educate“教育；训练”。故选B项。

29.A.praisedB.visited

C.reachedD.reminded

ggc

画根据语境可知,此处表示几小时内，自行车的主人就通过电话联系了Burke。praise

“赞扬"；visit“参观"；reach"（尤指用电话）联系”；remind”提醒;使想起"。故选C

项。

30.A.preferenceB.thankfulness

C.loveD.enthusiasm

解析|对于素不相识的Burke买下自行车并设法归还给自己的善举，自行车主人的感激之情

自然是难以言表,当他试图偿还Burke购车的费用时,Burke拒绝了。故选B项。

31.A.putinB.getout

C.setasideD.payback

12

解析句意同上题。putin"安装;正式提出（要求等）"；getout"出版，困难地说出"；set

aside"省出；把……搁到一旁"；payback“偿还”。故选D项。

32.A.reportersB.owners

C.audiencesD.bike-lovers

ggA

|解析,艮据最后一段中的“Burkehassincebeenreportedbysocialmediaforhis

'heroic'deed...”可知，社交媒体对Burke的善举进行了报道。reporter”记

者"；owner“主人”；audience"观众"；bikeTover"自行车爱好者”。故选A项。

33.A.promisedB.denied

C.stressedD.accepted

画句意:尽管社交媒体自那以后报道了他的“英雄”事迹，但Burke强调自己将自行车物

归原主并不是为了吸引媒体的关注。promise“承诺”；deny“否认；否定;拒绝"；stress

“强调”；accept“接受”。故选C项。

34.A.ThereforeB.Otherwise

C.MeanwhileD.However

解近|此处表示转折，故选However。therefore"因此，所以"；otherwise”否则，除此以

外”；meanwhile"与此同时”；however“然而"。故选D项。

35.A.welcomeB.display

C.assessmentD.discussion

解析设空处填入的词应与文章首句"AnEnglishmanisbeingpraisedforhisactof

kindness."中的“praised”在范畴上一致，即受到表扬、受到欢迎。welcome"欢

迎”；display"展览"；assessment"评估”；discussion"讨论”。故选A项。

第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

MeiLanfangwasgoodatplayingtheroleofwomeninBeijingoperas,36.

（call）“Dan”.

13

MrMeiLanfangincreasedinternationalcommunication37.

Chinaandothercountriesastheforerunner(先马区)38.spreadsBeijing

operaabroad.HevisitedJapanin1919,1924and1956.In1930,he39.

(visit)America.HevisitedRussia40.1935and1952,whichgainedhim

ahighreputation.Duringthisperiodheknewmanyfamous41.

(artist),singers,dancers,writers42.painters.Becauseofhis

travels,therewasan43.(improve)cultureunderstandinginmany

countries.Fromthattimeon,Beijingoperawas44.(list)intothe

dictionaryofinternationaldrama.

MrMeiLanfang45.(be)thesymbolofChineseactingart.

答案36.called37.between38.who/that39.visited40.in41.artists42.and

43.improved44.listed45.is

第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

假定你是李华，你们班级的节目《哈姆雷特》(制z/e力将参加下个月学校“英语文化

节”话剧(drama)比赛,请你给度假中的外教MrHurst写一封电子邮件,并附上节目录像,请

他给予相关的指导。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好。

DearMrHurst,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

参考范文

DearMrHurst,

Iamsorrytotroubleyouduringyourvacation.MyclassmatesandIwould

liketoaskforyourhelp.

OurschoolishavingaDramaCompetitionnextmonthaspartofanEnglish

CulturalFestival,andwehavebeenworkinghardonourperformanceHamlet.I

havesentavideoofpractisingplaybyourselves.Couldyoupleasetelluswhat

youthinkofourperformanceandacting?Also,isthereanythingwecandoto

improveourclothing,lightandsoundeffects?

Welookforwardtoyourideasandthankyouforyourhelp.

Idohopeyou'11enjoyyourholiday!

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续

写词数应为150左右。

9-year-oldIgorlivedinahugeforestinthenorthofRussia.Hisfather

wasawoodcutterandhismotherwasatailor.Theboylikedplayingwithanimals

intheforest,andknewthenamesofdifferentbirdsandtheirsongs.One

freezingwinter,Igorwasseriouslyillandthedoctorwhowasfrombigcities

toldhisparentsthatonlysurprisecouldsavehim.Lyingalldayinbed,Igor

onlywantedhisfathertocatchabirdandplayedwithit.Butinwinterthere

werenobirdsintheforest."Youcouldmakehimabirdoutofwood,“suggested

theanxiousmother.

15

Thefirstfinishedbir