2023-2024学年上海位育中学高三上英语期中测评卷及答案

高中PAGE1高中2023-2024学年上海位育中学高三上期中试卷Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionAGrammarBehaviourcontractsforteenagersTheconflictbetweenyouandyoursonordaughterisaproblem,maybeit’stimeyouthoughtaboutsettingupa‘homerulescontract’.Thisisanideathat’sbeingusedmoreandmoreoften,especiallyinfamilieswithrebelliousteenagechildren.WeinterviewedDrAmyBarker,apsychologist,whoisinfavouroftheidea.Whatisahomerulescontract?DrBarker:It’saformalagreementabouttherulesofbehaviorthatteenagers____21____(expect)tofollowathome.Itshouldstateclearlywhattherulesare,whatprivilegestheteenswillgetiftheyobeytherulesandwhatpunishmentswillfollowiftheydon’t.Thecontractissignedbyeveryone___2_2____(involve),justlikealegaldocument.Who____23____________writethecontract?DrBarker:Alltheadultswhohaveaparentalroleshouldbeengaged.It’simportantthattheyallagreeandsticktotherulesthemselves.Atthesametime,theteenagersshouldalsocontributetheirideas.___2_4____theytakepartinmakingtherules,they’llbemorelikelytofollowthem.Thefinalcontractshouldbetheresultofdiscussion,____25____(respect)everyone’spointofview,andallthepeoplewhohavesignedshouldgetacopy.Whataretheadvantagesofacontract?DrBarker:Itmakesitverycleartoteenswhattheyareandaren’tallowed____26____(do),andtheycanseewhattheconsequencesoftheiractionswillbe.Sotheylearntocontroltheirbehaviour.Forparents,thecontractstrengthenstheirauthorityandhelpsthemtobefairandreliable.Whatareasshouldbecoveredinacontract?DrBarker:Thatdepends.Youcan’tmakerulesforeverything,soyouhavetodecidewhat’smostimportantand____27____themainproblemslie.Commontopicsincludethehours___28____teenagersoughttobehome,thespendingmoneytheyreceive,thehouseworktheyneedtodoathomeandtheiruseofphonesornetworkingsites.Forolderteens,rulesaboutdrivingacarmayalsobeimportant.Docontractssolve____29____?DrBarker:No,ofcoursenot!Therewillalwaysbeconflictsanddisagreements_____30_____peopleinafamily.Butacontractthateveryonerespectscanhelptokeepthepeace.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.maximizeB.subsequentC.potentialD.personalizeE.misrepresentedF.limitedG.marketingH.predictiveI.commercialJ.speedK.absenceNochildoryoungathleteshouldbesubjectedtogenetictestingtofindsportingtalentorimproveperformance,concludetheexpertsinastatementpublishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine.Thescientificevidenceontheeffectivenessofthese__31__testsissimplyfartooweaktobacktheiruse,saystheexpertsinthefieldsofgenomics,exercise,sportsperformance,etc.Whilethescienceofgenomicshasadvancedrapidlyoverthepastdecade,theabilitytointerpretthemeaningofgenetictestresultsisstillatarelativelyearlystage.Butthathasnotstoppedthegrowthofthe"directtoconsumer"genetictests,whichclaimtobeabletospotchildren'sathletictalentsortailortrainingto__32__performance.Thisfast-growingmarkethascausedfearsthatthestilllimitedlevelofknowledgeonthegeneticsofsportsperformanceisbeing__33__forcommercialgain.Toinformthestatement,thepanellookedattheavailabilityofDIYgenetictests.Itfound39companies__34__testsassociatedwithsportorexerciseperformanceorinjury--almosttwiceasmanyasin2018.Theclaimsincluded:"__35__yourtrainingbasedonyoursportsgenetics,""Giveparentsandcoachesearlyinformationontheirchild'sgenetic__36__forsuccessforsports,"and"WeuseyourDNAresultstohelpyoulosefat,buildmuscle,getfitter."Butthe__37__ofanygoodscientificdatatoguideselectionofwhichvariantstotestweakensthevalueofmultipletesting.Besides,whilethereissomeevidencetosuggestalinkwithenhancedphysicalperformance,itisveryweak,makingthe__38__valueofthesetests"actuallyzero,"saysthestatement.Thestatementemphasizesthe__39__ofchangeingenesequencingtechnologyhasgotmuchfasterthanregulation.Anditpointsouttheimportanceofcounsellingbeforeanygenetictestistaken."Whilefurtherevidencewillundoubtedlyemergearoundthegeneticsofsportperformanceinthefuture,thedataarecurrentlyvery__40__.Therefore,inthisstageoflimitedknowledge,nochildoryoungathleteshouldbeexposedtogenetictestingtodefineoraltertrainingorfortalentidentificationaimedatselectinggiftedchildrenoradolescents,"itconcludes.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Climateexpertshavewarnedaboutthemanywaysawarmingplanetcannegativelyaffecthumanhealth.___41____globaltemperaturesarepredictedtoincreaseby1.4℃bythe2040s,thatriskisbecomingincreasinglyreal.Onelong-heldpredictionthatappearstobecomingtrue—accordingtotheresultsofastudyrecentlypublishedinNatureScientificReports—ishowclimatechangemightenhance____42____ofbacteriathatthriveandspreadthroughwarmseawatersandcauseaninfectionwithaparticularlyhigh____43____rate.Vibriovulnificus(创伤弧菌)flourishesinsaltyorbrackishwatersabove68℉.InfectionsarecurrentlyrareintheU.S.,butthat’slikelytochange.Using40yearsofdataoninfections,scientistsattheUniversityofEastAngliaintheU.K.foundthatVibriovulnificusis____44____fromitshistoricGulfCoastrange,withmoreNorthernstatesreportinginfectionsaswatersbecomewarmer.“We’reseeingthecore____44____ofinfectionsextendingtoareasthattraditionallyhaveveryfewandveryrarecases,”saysElizabethArcher,aPh.D.researcherand____46____authorofthestudy.“Buttheseareasarenowcomingintothemainareaofinfections.”Basedonthelatestdataonhowmuchtheworld’swaterandairtemperatureswillrise,thescientistspredictthatby2081,VibriovulnificusinfectionscouldreacheverystatealongtheU.S.EastCoast.Currently,onlyabout80casesarereportedintheU.S.eachyear;by2081,thatcouldgouptooverthree-fold,theauthorssay.Suchaproliferationcouldhaveserioushealthconsequences.Vibriovulnificuskillsapproximately20%ofthehealthypeopleitinfects,and40%ofthosewithweakenedimmunesystems.Thereislittleevidencethatantibioticscan____47____theinfection,butdoctorsmayprescribetheminsomecases.Peoplecangetinfectedeitherbyeatingrawshellfishlikeoystersorbyexposingsmall____48____towaterswherethebacterialive,whichcanleadtoseriousskininfections.Warmingseatemperaturesaren’ttheonlyreasonsbehindtheriseofVibriovulnificus.Hotterairalsodrawsmorepeopletothecoastsandbays,bringingthemintoclosercontactwiththebacteria.“Thebacteriaarepartofthenaturalmarineenvironment,soIdon’tthinkwecan____49____itfromtheenvironment,”saysArcher.“It’smoreaboutmitigatinginfectionsbyincreasing___50____oftherisk.”Toalertpeopletothegrowingthreat,___51____systemsareneededtotrackwhenconcentrationsofbacteriastarttorise,similartocurrentlyavailablepollenandpollutionalarm.Vbriovulnificusisso___52____totemperaturechangesthatconcentrationscouldbloomafterevenadayofwarmerwater,soconsistentmonitoringandalertsarecritical,saysIainLake,professorofenvironmentalepidemiologyatUniversityofEastAngliaandseniorauthorofthepaper.LakesaystheexpansionofVibriovulnificusisconcerningforpublichealthsincethebacteriaarenowinvadingwatersclosertoheavily____54____areas,suchasNewYorkandPhiladelphia.“EveryonecangetaVibriovulnificusinfection,”hesays.“Butthemore____54____thereisbetweenwarmerwatersandpeople,themorethebacteriacanmoveintopopulations____55___theelderlyandthosewithotherhealthconditions,whoaremorevulnerabletoinfections.”41.A.Evenif B.Exceptwhen C.Theinstant D.Incase42.A.numbers B.ranges C.coverages D.concentrations43.A.failure B.fatality C.survival D.acid44.A.ranging B.varying C.expanding D.shifting44.A.distribution B.launch C.community D.sample46.A.principle B.lead C.principal D.hit47.A.boost B.accelerate C.contain D.remove48.A.harms B.damages C.injuries D.wounds49.A.relieve B.dissolve C.resolve D.erase50.A.conscience B.awareness C.panic D.alert51.A.monitoring B.processing C.managing D.delivering52.A.sensible B.vital C.vulnerable D.sensitive54.A.populated B.dense C.paralleled D.bordered54.A.reaction B.interaction C.intervention D.relativity55.A.ratherthan B.exceptfor C.suchas D.otherthanSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)At14,FraserDohertywasbusymakingjamafterhisgrandparentstaughthimafamilyrecipe.Hestartedsellingjarsofhisjamdoortodoornearhisparents’homeinEdinburgh.Asinterestgrew,hishobbystatedtoturnintoabusiness.Henowmakes40,000jarsofjamamonthandiswellonhiswaytomakinghisfirstmillion.Doherty,whohasbeenchosentorepresentBritainintheGlobalStudentsEntrepreneursAwardsinChicagonextmonth,saidthereareseveraladvantagestohavingstartedyoung:“Asayoungpersonyouhaveadifferentviewoftheworld.Youhaveanaivetyandanoptimismandarewillingtogivethingsashot.Thedownsideformeisn’tparticularlyscary.Idon’thaveamortgageorkidstoworryaboutsoIdidn’thaveahugeamounttoloseifmyideahadnotworked.”DuncanCheatle,founderofTheSupperClub,aforumforestablishedentrepreneursinLondon,agreedthatbecominganentrepreneuratayoungagehasalottorecommendit.“Foryoungpeoplethereisnoconceptofthinkingoutsidetheboxbecausethereisn’tabox.Thereiscapacityinyoungpeopletoseethingsinadifferentwaythatolderpeoplelose.Andoftennotbeinganexpertinsomethingcanbehelpfulbecauseifyoudon’tunderstandwhysomethingworksinacertainwayyouwilldecidetodoitdifferently.”EmmaJones,founderofEnterpriseNation,thehomebusinesswebsite,saidthatyoungpeopleweremuchmoreconfidentaboutusingtechnologyasabasefortheirbusinessthantheoldergeneration.“Wholesectorsthatdidn’texisttenyearsagoarecomingupnowbecauseyoungentrepreneursarechallengingallpreviousrulesandsayingtechnologymeansthatwecandothingslikethis.Theyhaveanopencapacitytothinkofnewideasandasaresulttheyarestartingveryinterestingbusinesses.”56.AccordingtoDoherty,isthecompetitiveedgeofyoungpeoplestartingbusinesscomparedwiththeoldergeneration?A.ignoranceoftherealityB.naïvepursuitofahobbyC.readinesstotrythingsoutD.parentsshoulderingthefinancialburden57.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4meansyoungpeople.A.arereluctanttoobeytheexistingrulesB.arenotboundbyestablishedwaysofdoingthingsC.havesuperiorideastothoseoftheoldergenerationD.willnotfallintotrapsthatoldpeoplesetupforthem58.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillEmmaJonesmostlikelyagreewith?A.Abandoningallpreviousrulesisamusttoestablishnewsectors.B.Aspeoplegrowolder,theyarelessabletotakeafreshapproach.C.Thoselackingconfidencearelessabletostartcreativebusinesses.D.Theuseoftechnologycontributestothecreationofnewbusinesses.59.Thepurposeofthispassageisto.A.informreadersofsuccessstoriesofyoungentrepreneursB.introduceopinionsontheadvantagesofbeingyoungentrepreneursC.convinceyoungpeopletofollowthetrendandstarttheirownbusinessesD.providespecificguidanceonhowtobecomesuccessfulyoungentrepreneurs(B)Howtomakearesume?1.Formatyourtext.Thefirstthingthatapossibleemployerwillseeonyourresumeisthetext.Forthatreasons,itisveryimportantthatyoumaketherightfirstimpression.Chooseaprofessionalfontinsize11or12.TimesNewRomanistheclassicseriffont（衬现字体）,whileArialandCalibriaaretwoofthebetterchoicesforsans-serif（无衬线字体）.Eventhoughsansseriffontsaremorepopularforresume,YahoocitesHelveticaasthebestfonttouseforyourresume.ManyindividualsfindthatTimesNewRomanisalittlehardtoreadonascreen.Ifyouareemailingyourresume,considerusingGeorgiainsteadforamorereadableseriffont.Youcanusemultiplefontsfordifferentpartsofyourresume,buttrytolimitittotwo.Insteadofchangingbetweenfonts,tryemboldeningoritalicizingspecificselectionsoftextinstead.Thefontsizeforyourheaderandtheintroductiontoasectionmay14or16,butotherwise,youshouldchoose11or12.Yourtextshouldalwaysbeprintedinsolidblackink.Makesuretodeactivateanyhyperlinks(liketoyouremail,address,andphonenumber)sothattheydon'tprintinblueoranothernon-blackcolor.2.Setupthepage.Yourpageshouldhaveone-inchmarginsallthewayaroundwith1.5or2pointlinespacing.Thebodyofyourresumewillbealignedtotheleftandyourheadershouldbecenteredatthetopofyourpage.3.Createyourheading.Thisisthesectionatthetopofyourresumewhichgivesyourcontactinformationincludingyourname,address,email,andphonenumber.Yournameshouldbeinaslightlylargersize-either14or16pointfont.Listyourhomeandcellphonenumbers.4.Decideonalayout.Therearethreegeneralformatsforcreatingaresume:chronological,functional,orcombination.Yourworkhistoryandthetypeofjobyouareapplyingforwilldeterminethelayoutstyleyoushoulduse.Chronologicalresumesareusedforshowingasteadygrowthinaparticularcareerfield.Thesearebestusedforsomeoneapplyingforajobwithintheircareer-pathtoshowanincreaseofresponsibilityovertime.Functionalresumesarefocusedonskillsandexperienceratherthanjobhistory.Therearebestusedforsomeonewhomayhaveholesintheirworkhistoryorwhohavegainedexperiencefrombeingself-employedforatime.Combinationresumesare,asitsounds,acombinationofbothachronologicalandafunctionalresume.Theseareusedtoshowoffspecificskillsandhowtheywereacquired.Ifyouhavedevelopedaspecificskillsetfromworkinginavarietyofrelatedfields,thenthisisthebestresumeoptionforyou.60.Whichfontdoestheauthorsuggestconsideringthereadabilityoftheresumewhencheckedonline?A.Georgia.B.TimesNewRoman.C.Calibri.D.Helvetica.61.Whatistheclosestexplanationoftheword"chronological"?A.arrangedaccordingtohowimportanteachitemisB.arrangedaccordingtowhenthingshappenedorweremadeC.bespecificandconcreteintheintroductionofsomethingD.statevariousitemsinadetailedandseparateway62.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Themorecolorfulyourresumeis,themoreappealingitwillbe.B.Thereisnoneedtotellemployerswhereyouobtainyourspecificskills.C.Yournameshouldbealittlebitlargerinsize,alignedtotheleft.D.Blueorotherstrangecolorswillappearonyourprintedresumeifhyperlinksareactivated.(C)Thankstoin-depthreportingbytheWallStreetJournal,wenowknowthatFacebookhaslongbeenawareitsproductInstagramhasharmfuleffectsonthementalhealthofmanyadolescentusers.Younggirls,inparticular,strugglewiththeirbodyimagethankstoaconstantstreamofphotosandvideosshowingbeautifulbodiesthatusersdon'tthinktheycanattain.WhiletheinformationtheJournalcoveredisessentialandinstructive,itdoesnottellthewholestory.Deepdown,thisisnotanInstagramproblem;it'sapeopleproblem.Understandingthatdistinctioncanmakethedifferencebetweenafailedattempttocontainateen'sinterestinanaddictiveappandsuccessfullyaddressingtheunderlyingproblemleadingtomentaldistressinduced（诱发）byInstagram.CriticswerequicktoshameFacebookforsittingonthedataandnotreleasingittoresearchersoracademicswhoaskedforit.Otherscriticizethesocialmediagiantfornotusingtheresearchtocreateasaferexperienceforitsteenusers.Theanger,whileunderstandable,ismisplaced.WhileI'mreluctanttodefendFacebook,I'mnotsureit'sreasonabletoblamethecompanyforwithholdingdatathatwouldhurtitsbusiness.Haveyoueverbinge-watched（狂看）aNetflixseries?Iassureyouitwasn'tahealthyendeavor.Youwereinactive,likelydidnothingproductive,mindlesslysnackedanddidn'tgooutsideforfreshair.ItisanobjectivelyharmfuluseoftimetostareataTVorlaptopforafullweekend.ShouldwerespondbyshamingNetflixfornotalertingustohowdamaginganaddictiveproductcanbe?Whileit'sreasonabletosayInstagrammakesesteemissuesworse,itstrainscredulity（夸张到难以置信）tobelieveitcausestheminthefirstplace.Youcreateyourownexperiencesonsocialmedia.Forthemostpart,youchoosewhichaccountstofollowandengage.Ifyou'realreadyvulnerabletoinsecuritiesandself-sabotage（自损）--asmanyteensare--youwillfindaccountstoobsessover.Andthisisn'tanewphenomenon.Beforesocialmedia,thereweresimilarissuesfuelingself-esteemissues.Whetherthetargetbemagazines,moviesortelevisionshowsdepictingdifficult-to-attainbodies,therehasbeenarelativelysteadychorus（异口同声）ofexpertsnothingthedamagenewmediacouldcauseyoungviewers.Self-esteemissueshaveanunderlyingcause--onethat'sindependentofsocialmediause.Instagrammerelyenhancesthosefeelingsbecauseitprovidesinfinitelymoreaccesstotriggersthanolderformsofmedia.It'smoreworthwhiletoaddressthoseunderlyingfactorsratherthantoattackFacebook.63.TheauthorthinksthecriticismsagainstInstagram_________.A.aresuccessfulattemptstochangeteens'interestinaddictiveappsB.addresstheInstagram-inducedmentalpainC.areonlybasedonthedatareleasedbyFacebookD.arenotdirectedatthefundamentalproblem64.Netflixismentionedto_________.A.comparethecriticismsagainstitandFacebookB.defendwhyFacebookistoblameC.suggestthecritics'remarksarenottopointD.showNetflixdoesmoreharmtoteens65.TheInstagramproblemisessentiallya"peopleproblem"inthat_________.A.itishumannaturetogetaddictedtosocialmediaB.usersdecideontheirexperiencesonsocialmediaC.peoplehaveatendencytofeelinsecureonlineD.peoplearekeenonfabricatingtheirself-profile66.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.theunprecedentedcriticismfacingFacebookB.thealarmingonlinehabitsofteenagersworldwideC.therootcauseofInstagram-inducedmentalstrainsD.theharmfulimpactofInstagramonteenagersSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Ifyouareagoutsufferer,youarenotalone.B.Nooneknowswhat'sbehindthephenomenon.C.Norisitanylongerexclusivetorichwhitemen.D.Thefootisredandswollen,poundinglikeaheart.E.Wemightdismissgoutasaghostfromafable,whichitwas.F.Thetubercular'shollowcheekswereconsidereddesirablelookforwomen.Gout（痛风）:TheDiseaseofKingsGout,oncethediseaseofgeniuses,conquerorsandkings,nowisaffectingthemasses.Butcomesatnight,firstasafevereddream,thenpainindarkness,thebodyturnedrudeanimals(67)___________Sostrongisthesensitivityofthisswollenbigtonthatthefaintestfootstepofasympatheticvisitorisagunshotstraighttothenerve.Itwillnothelp,atsuchasmoment,torecallthatAlexandertheGreat,LeonardodaVinci,IsaacNewtonreportedlysuffered.(68)___________Inthewordsofthe17th-centuryFrenchpoet,Goutfallsontoapoormanandthen,horrifiedbyherhost'sceaselesslabor,didnothinginabuilding.Surelyit'satimeofalessenlightened,morehierarchical（等级制的）age.Wecanlaughatfromthesafedistanceofthepresentday.ButtheAmericancriticSusanSontagwarnedusagainstillnessasmyth.Goutisnotapunishment,certainlynotanembarrassmentand,itishighlycurable,ifgoodtreatmentisfollowed.Andthediseasehasnotbeenlimitedtothepast.(69)___________Fromthe1960stothe1990s,thenumberofsufferersdoubledintheUnitedStates,andthat'scontinuedtorise.Itistemptingtoseegoutasanannoyingangelandcometopunishgreed.Mentioningtheromanticaspectoftuberculosis（肺结核）inthe19thcentury,Sontagarguedthatgoutwascontrarytotubercular.Thegout-riddenwereguiltyofeatingtoomuch,whilethosedyingoftubercularwerethemselvesconsumedfromtheinside.Duringthatperiod,turningthinnerfromtubercularwastakenasasignofelegance,withpoetsconsideredunreliableiftheyweighedmorethanahundredpounds,andso"itbecamerudetoeatheartily".Sontagalsohighlightedastrangesocialphenomenon.(70)___________Greatmen"grewfat,wrotenovelsandconqueredcontinents."IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.MindfulnessMindfulnesstypicallyreferstoastateofin-the-momentawarenessinwhichoneavoidsjudgingthethoughtsandemotionsofhimselfandothers.Itisoftenpracticedinmeditation（冥想）andsomeformsoftherapy.Numerousfindingsfrompsychologicalresearchsuggestpracticingmindfulnesscanleadtomanybenefits,includingstressreductionandincreasedpsychologicalwell-being.Forexample,inastudyofcancerpatients,cultivatingmindfulnessthroughmeditationorothermindfulness-basedtrainingenabledpeopletobemoreselectiveabouttheiremotionalexperiences,enablingthemtoreducetheirstressandanxietywhileincreasingpositiveemotions.Similarly,studiesshowthatmindfulnesscanalsoenhanceinformationprocessingspeedwhilereducingeffortandnegativethoughtsandthemeditatorssignificantlyoutperformedthenon-meditatorsonallmeasuresofattention,suggestionthatmindfulnessimprovesone'sabilitytofocus.Itisapparentthatmindfulnesshasmanynoteworthybenefits,whichincludeeverything,frompsychologicaltophysicalimprovements.However,researchhasalsoshownthatinsomecasesmindfulnesscanalsoleadtonegativeoutcomes.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatfollowingmindfulnessmeditation,participantsweremorelikelytoformtakememorie