河北省邢台市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末联考英语试卷（含答案解析）

2023-2024学年高二年级期末联考英语试卷考试时间：120分钟满分：150分注意事项：1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第一部分单句语法填空共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分阅读下列句子，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项钟选出最佳选项。1.Eveninsmallcompanies,computersarea/an________tool.A.substantial B.initial C.essential D.potential【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在小公司，电脑也是必不可少的工具。A.substantial大量的；B.initial最初的；C.essential必不可少的；D.potential潜在的；可能的。根据上文“computersarean”指电脑是必不可少的工具，应用形容词essential作定语。故选C。2.Weallknowthatmilk,oilyfishandeggsall________vitaminD.A.approach B.contain C.reflect D.subscribe【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道牛奶、油性鱼类和鸡蛋都含有维生素D。A.approach接近；B.contain包含；C.reflect反思，思考；D.subscribe订阅。根据“vitaminD”可知，此处表示“牛奶、油性鱼类和鸡蛋都含有维生素D”。故选B。3.Peoplewithapositiveattitudetowardslifearemore________tosucceed.A.likely B.uncertain C.improbable D.reasonable【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对生活持积极态度的人更有可能成功。A.likely可能发生的；B.uncertain不确定的；C.improbable不大可能的；D.reasonable有道理的。根据常识和句意，对生活持积极态度的人“更有可能”成功，用形容词likely作表语。故选A项。4.GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.A.As B.What C.It D.That【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主语从句。句意：去黄山使我想起了披头士乐队的那首流行歌曲《漫漫长路》。这段经历最令人惊叹的是（它所呈现的）世界之外的景色。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“经历的事情”应用what。故选B。5.BythetimeIgotthere,thematch______already.A.hadfinished B.wasfinished C.hasfinished D.finished【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：当我到达那里时，比赛已经结束了。A.hadfinished完成，过去完成时；B.wasfinished完成，一般过去时的被动语态；C.hasfinished完成，现在完成时；D.finished完成，一般过去时。根据句中got可知，句子描述过去的情况，且结合语意，finish发生在got这一动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选A。6.Tomsaidthatitwasthelasttimethathe_________theamusementpark,becausehewasdisappointedbytheold-fashionedfacilitiesthere.A.hasvisited B.visited C.hadvisited D.shouldvisit【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：汤姆说那是他最后一次去游乐园，因为他对那里老式的设施感到失望。此处为句型itwasthelasttimethat+过去完成时，表示“最后一次……”。故选C。7.Heis______inpaintingsomuchandhisdreamis______anextraordinaryartist.A.interested;tobecome B.interesting;tobecomeC.interested;becoming D.interesting;becoming【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意：他对绘画很感兴趣，他的梦想是成为一名非凡的艺术家。空1的主语是He，所以用-ed结尾形容词interested，修饰人的感情，作表语，beinterestedin表示“对……感兴趣”；空2此处表示未发生的动作，应用动词不定式，即tobecome，作表语。故选A。8.It’s______thattheFACuphasthepowertochangeafootballclub,rewritethepastandshapethefuture.A.amazed B.amazing C.amazingly D.amazement【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：足总杯有能力改变一家足球俱乐部，改写过去，塑造未来，这真是太神奇了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，根据句意可知，此处表示“令人大为惊奇的”应为形容词amazing，amazed为形容词，意为“惊讶的”，描述人物感受；amazingly为副词，意为“惊奇地”；amazement为名词，意为“惊讶”。故选B项。9.IwassoangrythatIfeltlike______somethingathim.A.throwing B.throw C.tothrow D.thrown【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很生气，想向他扔东西。此处考查feellikedoingsth，表示“想要做某事”，所以用动名词throwing作宾语。故选A。10.Everyoneinthetownknewhim,sowehadnodifficulty___________hishouse.A.finding B.tofind C.found D.find【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：镇上的每个人都认识他，所以我们毫不费力地找到了他的房子。“做某事没有困难”用固定短语havenodifficulty(in)doingsth.表示，其中in可以省略，故动词find“找到”用动名词finding，作in的宾语。故选A项。11.Laughteristhebestmedicine,_________meanskeepingagoodmoodishelpfultoourhealth.A.what B.which C.that D.it【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：笑是最好的药，这意味着保持一个好心情对我们的健康是有帮助的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故选B项。12.Iatalkonartificialintelligencefrom2to3p.m.tomorrow.A.willgive B.willbegiving C.amgiving D.willbegiven【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天下午2点到3点，我将做一个关于人工智能的演讲。根据后文“2to3p.m.tomorrow(明天下午2点到3点)”可知表示将来某段时间某一动作正在进行，应用将来进行时。应填willbegiving。故选B。13.Thereislittlechancethatwewillsucceedinchangingthelaw.________,itisvitalthatwestrivefortheequality.A.Moreover B.Nevertheless C.Despite D.Additionally【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查副词和介词辨析。句意：我们成功改变法律的可能性很小。然而，争取平等是至关重要的。A.Moreover此外（副词），表示递进关系；B.Nevertheless然而（副词），表示转折关系；C.Despite尽管（介词），表示让步关系；D.Additionally此外（副词），表示递进关系。空后有逗号和句子分开，空处应用副词，空前表示成功改变法律的可能性很小，空后表示仍应争取平等，前后是转折的关系，应用Nevertheless来衔接。故选B。14.Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehuman________,particularlywhenpeopleareinlowspirits.A.rejection B.interaction C.criticism D.motion【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们仍然需要人情味或人与人之间的互动，尤其是当人们情绪低落的时候。A.rejection拒绝；B.interaction互动；C.criticism批评；D.motion运动。根据“particularlywhenpeopleareinlowspirits.”可知，当人们情绪低落的时候，需要互动。故选B。15.Toensuresufficientsupplies,theworkersweredividedintogroupsandtookabreak________.A.inreturn B.inturn C.indepth D.inperson【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了保证供应充足，工人们被分成小组，轮流休息。A.inreturn作为回报；B.inturn轮流；C.indepth深入地；D.inperson亲自。根据theworkersweredividedintogroupsandtookabreak可知，此处指让这些工人轮流休息。故选B。第二部分阅读阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项钟选出最佳选项。AFamousPeopleWhoBeginWithDifficultiesOprahWinfreyProbablyhavingoneofthemostfamoussuccessstories,OprahwasbornintoapoorfamilyinMississippi,raisedbyasinglemotherlivingonwelfare.Shewasphysically,andmentallyabusedduringherchildhood.Despiteherinitialstrugglesasayounggirl,sheturnedherselfintooneofthemostsuccessfultalkshowhostsofourtime.JimCarreyJimCarreyhasbeenthestarofsomeofthemostsuccessfulmoviesofalltime.ButCarreygrewupextremelypoorinCanada.Whenhewasateenager,hisfamilytooksecurityjobsinafactorytohelppaythebills.Andduringhisfirststand-upcomedyperformance,hewasbooedoff（喝倒彩）thestage.Notshortlyafter,hemadeitbigonInLivingColorandthenwentontostarinDumb&Dumber,TheMask,andAceVenturainthesameyear!JamesDysonIfyouthoughtThomasEdison’sfailureswerebad,letmeintroduceyoutoJamesDyson,thefamousinventoroftheDysonvacuums（真空吸尘器）youseealloverthetelevision.Dysondevelopedover5,000failedprototypes（原型）beforefindingthebaglessvacuumbrand.Notonlythat,heputhisentiresavingsaccountintohisprototypesoverfifteenyears!Luckily,thebaglessvacuumworked.StephenKingBeforeStephenKingbecameknownasagreatlivingwriter—havingwrittenover60novels,manyofwhichhavebeenadaptedforfilmandtelevision—Kingwasrejectedoverandoveragain.Inhismemoir,OnWriting,Kingdescribeshowheusedtoposthisrejectionlettersonthewallforinspiration.Hisfirstnovel,Carrie,wasrejected30times.16.WhatdoOprahandJimhaveincommon?A.Theywereabusedbyparents. B.Theygrewupinpoorfamilies.C.Theywerehiredascomedians. D.Theyfoundjobsinafactory.17.WhatdidJamesDysondo?A.Herepairedthefailedprototypes. B.Hedevelopedover5,000brands.C.Heputalleffortsintomarketing. D.Heinventedthebaglessvacuum.18.Whoisanovelist?A.OprahWinfrey. B.StephenKing. C.JamesDyson. D.JimCarrey.【答案】16.B17.D18.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位在困境中崛起的杰出人物。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据OprahWinfrey一节“Probablyhavingoneofthemostfamoussuccessstories,OprahwasbornintoapoorfamilyinMississippi,raisedbyasinglemotherlivingonwelfare.(奥普拉可能是最著名的成功故事之一，她出生在密西西比州的一个贫困家庭，由一个靠福利生活的单身母亲抚养长大)”及JimCarrey一节“ButCarreygrewupextremelypoorinCanada.(但凯瑞在加拿大长大，家境极其贫困)”可知，Oprah和Jim都生在穷苦家庭。故选B项。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据JamesDyson一节“IfyouthoughtThomasEdison’sfailureswerebad,letmeintroduceyoutoJamesDyson,thefamousinventoroftheDysonvacuumsyouseealloverthetelevision.Dysondevelopedover5,000failedprototypesbeforefindingthebaglessvacuumbrand.Notonlythat,heputhisentiresavingsaccountintohisprototypesoverfifteenyears!Luckily,thebaglessvacuumworked.(如果你认为托马斯·爱迪生的失败很糟糕，让我把你介绍给詹姆斯·戴森，著名的戴森是真空吸尘器的发明者，你在电视上随处可见。在找到无袋真空吸尘器品牌之前，戴森开发了超过5000个失败的原型机。不仅如此，他在15年的时间里把他所有的积蓄都投入到他的原型上!幸运的是，无袋真空吸尘器起作用了)”可知，JamesDyson成功研发出了无尘袋吸尘器。故选D项。18题详解】细节理解题。根据StephenKing一节“BeforeStephenKingbecameknownasagreatlivingwriter—havingwrittenover60novels,manyofwhichhavebeenadaptedforfilmandtelevision—Kingwasrejectedoverandoveragain.(斯蒂芬·金写了60多部小说，其中许多被改编成电影和电视，在他成为在世的伟大作家之前，他一次又一次地被拒绝)”可知，StephenKing是一位小说家。故选B项。BMathhadneverbeensomethingIwasgoodatsincemiddleschool.Classesbecameharderinhighschool,andIwasevenfurtherfromamathteacher’sdreamstudent.Soatthestartofmyfreshmanyear,Ihadanaversiontomath.Itwasn’tthatIdidn’twanttodowell,butsimplythatIdidn’tthinkIwasabletodowell.“Ican’t”becamemystateofmindinallthingsrelated(有关的)tomath.However,Iwassoontolearnthat“Ican’t”wasnotachoiceinMr.A’sclass.Mr.Aalwaysgreeted(迎接)uswithopenarmsashesaid,“Welcome!Smile!It’sagreatdaytobealive!”ItwasclearthatMr.Ahadatruepassion(热情)notonlyformathbutforteaching.IfMr.Aeverexperiencedbaddaysinlife,henevershowedit.Mr.Agreeteduswiththatsamesmileeveryday.Heencouragedeachstudent,fromthetopachievertothe“Ican’t”student.Ifoundmyselflookingforwardtomathclass,althoughIstillhatedthesubjectitself.BeinginMr.A’spresencemademefeelgood,asifIhadthechancetosucceed.Astheyearprogressed,Ispentincreasinglymoretimeonmyhomework,andImetwithMr.Aweekly.Myclassmatesbegantodothesame,anditbecame“cool”tohavelunchandtalkwithMr.A.Wedidn’tknowitatthetime,buthewaschangingourattitudes(态度).ThoughmystoryisnotoneofovernightsuccessandIdidn’tbecomeastraight-Amathstudent,myhardworkdidbegintopayoffandmygradesslowlybegantoclimb.Therewerehardtimes,ofcourse.Difficultmathquestionssometimessucceededinbringingmedown,butMr.Akeptreminding(提醒)me,“Kate,smile!It’sagreatdaytobealive!”19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aversion”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Interest. B.Responsibility. C.Dislike. D.Misunderstanding.20.Whatfirstmadetheauthorlookforwardtomathclass?A.Mr.A’sattitude.B.Herinterestinmath.C.Herfriends’encouragement.D.Thetopachieversinherclass.21.HowdidtheauthorfeelabouthertalkoverlunchwithMr.A?A.Itwasstraight.B.Itwasawkward.C.Itwaschallenging.D.Itwasimpressive.22.Howdidtheauthorchangeinmath?A.Shemadeslowprogress.B.Shefellinlovewithmath.C.Shebecameastraight-Amathstudent.D.Shebecamecomfortablewithdifficultmathquestions.【答案】19.C20.A21.D22.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不擅长并且讨厌数学，但大一时的A老师让作者改变了态度，于是数学成绩开始慢慢上升的故事。【19题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文“MathhadneverbeensomethingIwasgoodatsincemiddleschool.Classesbecameharderinhighschool,andIwasevenfurtherfromamathteacher’sdreamstudent.(从中学起我就不擅长数学。高中的时候，上课变得越来越难了，我离数学老师的梦想学生更远了。)”可知，从中学到高中，作者越来越学不会数学。画线词所在句中的“So”表明上下文为因果关系，作者学不好数学，所以“不喜欢”数学。划线词aversion与dislike意思相近，意为“不喜欢，厌恶”。故选C。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ItwasclearthatMr.Ahadatruepassion(热情)notonlyformathbutforteaching.(很明显，A老师不仅对数学有着真正的热情，而且对教学也有着真诚的热情。)”和“Mr.Agreeteduswiththatsamesmileeveryday.Heencouragedeachstudent,fromthetopachievertothe‘Ican’t’student.(他鼓励每一个学生，从最优秀的学生到‘我不能’的学生。)”可推知，A老师对数学科目和教学的热情以及对学生的鼓励让作者期待上数学课，即A老师对数学和学生的积极态度促使作者期待数学课。故选A。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Myclassmatesbegantodothesame,anditbecame‘cool’tohavelunchandtalkwithMr.A.(我的同学们也开始这样做，和A老师一起吃午饭和聊天变得很‘酷’。)”可知，作者认为和A老师边吃午饭边聊天很酷，这说明作者对此感到印象深刻。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ThoughmystoryisnotoneofovernightsuccessandIdidn’tbecomeastraight-Amathstudent,myhardworkdidbegintopayoffandmygradesslowlybegantoclimb.(虽然我的故事不是一鸣惊人的那种故事，我也没有成为一名数学全优的学生，但我的努力确实开始有了回报，我的成绩也开始慢慢攀升。)”可知，作者的数学慢慢进步了。故选A。CHeisregardedashavingoneofthebrightestmindsontheplanet.Butoutstandingastrophysicist（天体物理学家）StephenHawkingadmittedthathedidnotlearntoreaduntilhewaseightyearsold.InapubliclectureattheRoyalAlbertHall,ProfessorHawkingalsoadmittedthathewasnotactiveinstudyingwhileatOxfordUniversity,wherehestudiedphysics,andthatonlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneurone（神经元）diseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork.ProfessorHawkingsaid,"MysisterPhilippacouldreadbytheageof4andthenshewasdefinitelybrighterthanme."Hesaidthathewasunexceptionalatschoolandwasneverfurtherthanhalfwayuphisclass."Myclassworkwasveryuntidy,andmyhandwritingwasthedespairofmyteachers,"hesaid."ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter."Buthesaidthatitwaswhendoctorstoldhimthatheprobablyonlyhadafewyearstoliveattheageof21thathewasgalvanizedintofocusingonhisworkandaperiodofproductivitythatresultedinsomeofhisearlybreakthroughs.Hesaid,"Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath,itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo."23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.StephenHawkingisthesecondEinsteinintheworld.B.StephenHawkingcouldn'treadattheageof7.C.StephenHawking'shandwritingwasonceterriblybad.D.StephenHawking'ssisteronceperformedmuchbetterthanhim.24.WhatmadeStephenHawkingdevotehimselftohiswork?A.Patience. B.Knowledge. C.Disease. D.Laziness.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.StephenHawkingdidn'trealizehisdreamsinphysics.B.ItwaspossibleforHawkingtofacetheearlydeath.C.Thepurposeofthedoctor'sdiagnosiswastoencouragehimtoworkhard.D.Hislifemightbetakenawaybylonghardwork.26.FromwhomdidHawkinggetarelativelyjustestimationwhenhewasatschool?A.Hissister. B.Hisclassmates. C.Histeachers. D.Hisparents.【答案】23.A24.C25.B26.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了传奇科学家史蒂芬·霍金。霍金8岁才读书竟是典型懒惰差等生。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.”可知绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的，但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。故选A。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的onlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneuronediseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork可知，是“运动神经元疾病”促使他有所作为。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hesaid,Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath,itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo!（他说，当你面临过早死亡的可能性时，它会让你意识到生命是值得活下去的，你有很多事情想做）"可知，本段讲述他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter可知，尽管老师不看好他，同学们仍给他“爱因斯坦”的绰号，他们从他身上看到好的一面。故选B。DAfewyearsago,anewtransportationvehicle(交通工具)calledtheSegwaywasinvented.Itsinventor,DeanKamen,calledittheworld’sfirstself-balancingindividualtransportationvehicleforshortdistancetravel.Hesaiditwasmeanttoreducepollutionandsolveotherenvironmentalproblems.TheSegwaylookslikealargestickwithtwowheels.Thewheelsareconnectedtoaplatform(平台).Thestickhashandlesforapersontohold.Thepersonstandsontheplatformandholdsthehandles.Thetransportermovesforwardorbackwardwhenthepersonmoveshisorherbodyinthatdirection.Thedriverturnsthehandlestogoleftorright.Computersandgyroscope(陀螺仪)ontheSegwaymakeitmoveandbalance.Poweredbyelectricity,itcantravelatspeedsofnineteenkilometresanhour.ASegwaycostsaboutfivethousanddollars.Manypeoplesayitistoocostly.However,peoplewhohaveboughtaSegwaysayitisveryuseful.Thisisespeciallytrueforpeoplewhohavetroublewalkingbecauseofmedicalproblems.TheyreportthataSegwaymakesitpossibleforthemtojoinothersonwalksandtotraveltotheirjobs.OtherpeopleusetheSegwayinsteadoftheircarsforshorttrips.Theysayitisagreatwaytosavemoneyongas.27.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSegway?A.Ithasaseatforthedriver.B.Ithelpsreducethepollution.C.Itcansolveallenvironmentalproblems.D.Itistheworld’sfirstself-balancingvehicle.28.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlyexplain?A.HowtheSegwayworks. B.WhattheSegwaylookslike.C.WhatpeoplesayabouttheSegway. D.WhytheSegwayisgettingpopular.29.HowdoestheauthorfeelabouttheSegway?A.Uncompleted. B.Doubtful. C.Funny. D.Great.30.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ATwo-WheeledVehicle B.AGreatWaytoSaveMoneyC.TheAnswertoCityTraffic D.TheFirstIndividualVehicle【答案】27B28.A29.D30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一种新型的交通工具——平衡车。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itsinventor,DeanKamen,calledittheworld’sfirstself-balancingindividualtransportationvehicleforshortdistancetravel.Hesaiditwasmeanttoreducepollutionandsolveotherenvironmentalproblems.(它的发明者DeanKamen称其为世界上第一辆用于短途旅行的自平衡个人交通工具。他说，这是为了减少污染和解决其他环境问题)”可知，平衡车可以帮助减少污染。故选B。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“TheSegwaylookslikealargestickwithtwowheels.Thewheelsareconnectedtoaplatform(平台).Thestickhashandlesforapersontohold.Thepersonstandsontheplatformandholdsthehandles.Thetransportermovesforwardorbackwardwhenthepersonmoveshisorherbodyinthatdirection.Thedriverturnsthehandlestogoleftorright.Computersandgyroscope(陀螺仪)ontheSegwaymakeitmoveandbalance.Poweredbyelectricity,itcantravelatspeedsofnineteenkilometresanhour.(平衡车看起来像一根有两个轮子的大棍子。轮子连接到一个平台上。棍子有把手供人拿。该人员站在平台上并握住把手。当人将身体朝着这个方向移动时，运输工具向前或向后移动。驾驶员将把手向左或向右转动。平衡车上的电脑和陀螺仪使其移动和平衡。它以电力为动力，可以以每小时19公里的速度行驶)”可知，这一段主要介绍平衡车的工作原理。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ASegwaycostsaboutfivethousanddollars.Manypeoplesayitistoocostly.However,peoplewhohaveboughtaSegwaysayitisveryuseful.Thisisespeciallytrueforpeoplewhohavetroublewalkingbecauseofmedicalproblems.TheyreportthataSegwaymakesitpossibleforthemtojoinothersonwalksandtotraveltotheirjobs.OtherpeopleusetheSegwayinsteadoftheircarsforshorttrips.Theysayitisagreatwaytosavemoneyongas.(平衡车售价约5000美元。许多人说这太贵了。然而，买过平衡车的人说它非常有用。对于那些因为医疗问题而走路有困难的人来说尤其如此。他们报告说，平衡车让他们可以和其他人一起散步和去上班。其他人在短途旅行中使用平衡车而不是他们的汽车。他们说这是节省汽油费的好方法)”可知，作者认为平衡车是一种很棒的出行方式。故选D。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Afewyearsago,anewtransportationvehicle(交通工具)calledtheSegwaywasinvented.Itsinventor,DeanKamen,calledittheworld’sfirstself-balancingindividualtransportationvehicleforshortdistancetravel.Hesaiditwasmeanttoreducepollutionandsolveotherenvironmentalproblems.(几年前，一种名为平衡车的新型交通工具被发明了。它的发明者DeanKamen称其为世界上第一辆用于短途旅行的自平衡个人交通工具。他说，这是为了减少污染和解决其他环境问题)”和第二段“TheSegwaylookslikealargestickwithtwowheels.(平衡车看起来像一根有两个轮子的大棍子)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是一种新型的交通工具——平衡车。故选A。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatisyourfavouritefood?Somepeoplelovepizza.Somepeopleloveicecream.Notmanywouldsaybroccoliistheirfavouritefood.Youcan’teatonlypizzaandicecreamallthetime.Youalsoneedfruits,vegetables,andotherkindsoffoods.____31____.Youneedallkindsoffoodstokeepyourbodystrongandhealthy.Nutritionistssayyoushouldeatgrains,suchasbread,pasta,andcereal.Youshouldeateggs,milk,cheese,andotherdairyproducts.Youshouldeatmeat,fish,beans,ortofu(beancurd).____32____.Theyalsosayyouneedtoeatplentyoffruitsandvegetableseveryday.Youneedfoodformanyreasons.Yourstomachfeelshungrywhenyouneedtoeatmorefood.Youneedfoodinordertoliveandsatisfyyourhunger.____33____.Everypartofyourbodyusesenergyfromfood.Yourbrainusesenergytothink,yourheartusesenergytobeat,andyourmusclesuseenergytomove.Growingrequiresfood.Yourbodyalsoneedsenergyfromfoodtostaywarm.Eatingtherightkindsoffoodscanhelpkeepyouhealthy.Eatingcertainfoodscanhelppreventsomediseases.Thehumanbodycontainsalotofwater.Watermakesupmostofyourbloodandhelpscarryoxygenandfoodtothecellsinyourbody.____34____.Waterdoesmanyotherthingsinsideyourbody.Youneedeighttotencupsofwatereachdaytoreplacethewaterthatyourbodyusesup.Butdon’tworry—drinkssuchasmilkorjuicecontainmostlywater.____35____.A.YourbodyneedsfoodtomakeenergyB.YoucouldliveforweekswithoutfoodC.WaterhelpsyourbodygetridofwastesthroughurineandsweatD.WaterisalsoveryimportantforyourbodyE.Manyfoods,especiallyjuicyfruits,containwateraswellF.ButyoushouldnoteattoomanyfoodswithlotsoffatsorsugarsG.Carbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,minerals,andwaterarenutrients【答案】31.D32.F33.A34.C35.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不同食物的重要性以及作用。【31题详解】根据上文“Whatisyourfavouritefood?Somepeoplelovepizza.Somepeopleloveicecream.Notmanywouldsaybroccoliistheirfavouritefood.Youcan’teatonlypizzaandicecreamallthetime.Youalsoneedfruits,vegetables,andotherkindsoffoods.(你最喜欢的食物是什么？有些人喜欢披萨。有些人喜欢冰淇淋。没有多少人会说西兰花是他们最喜欢的食物。你不能一直只吃披萨和冰淇淋。你还需要水果、蔬菜和其他种类的食物)”以及最后一段“Thehumanbodycontainsalotofwater.(人体含有大量的水分)”可知，除了水果、蔬菜和其他种类的食物，水对身体也很重要。故D选项“水对你的身体也很重要”符合语境，故选D。【32题详解】根据上文“Youneedallkindsoffoodstokeepyourbodystrongandhealthy.Nutritionistssayyoushouldeatgrains,suchasbread,pasta,andcereal.Youshouldeateggs,milk,cheese,andotherdairyproducts.Youshouldeatmeat,fish,beans,ortofu(beancurd).(你需要各种各样的食物来保持身体强壮和健康。营养学家说，你应该吃谷物，比如面包、意大利面和谷物。你应该吃鸡蛋、牛奶、奶酪和其他奶制品。你应该吃肉、鱼、豆类或豆腐)”以及后文“Theyalsosayyouneedtoeatplentyoffruitsandvegetableseveryday.(他们还说你需要每天吃大量的水果和蔬菜)”可知，上文和后文列举了应该吃的食物，推测本句是在说明不应该吃太多的食物。故F选项“但是你不应该吃太多含脂肪和糖的食物”符合语境，故选F。【33题详解】根据后文“Everypartofyourbodyusesenergyfromfood.Yourbrainusesenergytothink,yourheartusesenergytobeat,andyourmusclesuseenergytomove.Growingrequiresfood.Yourbodyalsoneedsenergyfromfoodtostaywarm.(你身体的每个部分都需要从食物中获取能量。你的大脑用能量思考，你的心脏用能量跳动，你的肌肉用能量运动。生长需要食物。你的身体也需要从食物中获取能量来保暖)”可知，身体需要食物中的能量来维持运作，A选项中energy对应后文中energy。故A选项“你的身体需要食物来产生能量”符合语境，故选A。【34题详解】根据上文“Thehumanbodycontainsalotofwater.Watermakesupmostofyourbloodandhelpscarryoxygenandfoodtothecellsinyourbody.(人体含有大量的水分。水构成了你血液的大部分，并帮助运送氧气和食物到你身体的细胞)”可知，本句与上文并列，继续说明水的作用。故C选项“水帮助你的身体通过尿液和汗液排出废物”符合语境，故选C。【35题详解】根据上文“Butdon’tworry—drinkssuchasmilkorjuicecontainmostlywater.(但不用担心，像牛奶或果汁这样的饮料主要含有水)”可知，本句是在说明含有水分的食物。故E选项“许多食物，尤其是多汁的水果，也含有水分”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwasafatkidandIenjoyedalmostallkindsofdeliciousfood.Sundayswerethebest.That'swhenwehadourbig___36___，andthereweresomanypeoplearoundlaughingandtalking.Itwaseasyto___37___howmuchyouwereeating.AndifI___38___asecondpartofanything，mymother'sresponsewas，“What'sthematter？Youdon'tlikemy___39___？”Atthattime，consuminglotsofbread，pastaanddessertsneverletmefeelself­indulgent(放纵自己的)．I___40___carriedthishigh­caloriedietintoadulthood.Itwasn'tuntilmymid­30sthatI___41___somethinghadtochange.Ihadlittleenergy，andbecausemyfatbodydidn'twanttodoanything，itseemed___42___waspassingmeby.Whenafriend___43___Istarteachdaywithoatmeal(燕麦片)forbreakfast，Isaid，“You'vegottobekidding！”Butthisfriendwasveryenthusiasticandtoldmethatitwouldmakemekeepfullwithoutbeing___44___incaloriesorfat，soItookheradvice.I'mnotexaggerating(夸张)whenIsayoatmealhas____45____thequalityofmylife.Iusedtogethungrybetweenbreakfastandlunch，reachingforacupofcoffeeanditscharmingcompanion，thecake.Now，Idon'teven____46____fooduntillunchtime.Afterayearofeatingoatmealforbreakfast，I____47____over15pounds.Ihavemoreenergytodothings，suchastakingawalkaftergettinghomefromworkinsteadof____48____．Myfriendsandcolleagueshavenotedthepositive____49____ofoatmeal.Soifyouwantto____50____，whynoteatoatmeal?36.A.families B.dinners C.houses D.bodies37.A.forget B.remind C.remember D.count38.A.refused B.asked C.demanded D.accepted39.A.acting B.dressing C.teaching D.cooking40.A.sadly B.carefully C.secretly D.naturally41A.promised B.required C.realized D.argued42.A.hope B.life C.problem D.reason43.A.opposed B.suggested C.begged D.failed44.A.low B.high C.deep D.short45.A.expected B.invented C.remained D.changed46.A.throwabout B.worryabout C.lookabout D.thinkabout47.A.raised B.covered C.lost D.moved48.A.singing B.writing C.sleeping D.learning49.A.results B.designs C.views D.directors50.A.loseweight B.giveup C.takeexercise D.stayup【答案】36.B37.A38.A39.D40.D41.C42.B43.B44.B45.D46.D47.C48.C49.A50.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了在朋友的建议下，自己通过坚持每天早餐只吃燕麦而成功减肥的个人经历。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：星期天是最好的。那是我们吃大餐的时候，周围有那么多人在谈笑风生。A.families家庭；B.dinners正餐；C.houses房子；D.bodies身体。根据前文“Ienjoyedalmostallkindsofdeliciousfood”以及后文“Itwaseasyto___2___howmuchyouwereeating.”可知，此处与吃有关，是指吃“大餐”的时候。故选B项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很容易忘记你吃了多少。A.forget忘记；B.remind提醒；C.remember记住；D.count数。根据前文“thereweresomanypeoplearoundlaughingandtalking”可知，谈笑之间容易“忘记”吃了多少。故选A项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我拒绝再吃一些，我母亲的回答是，“怎么了？你不喜欢我做的饭?”A.refused拒绝；B.asked问，请求；C.demanded要求；D.accepted接受。根据文意可知，作者正在谈论吃饭。结合后文母亲的问话“What'sthematter？Youdon'tlikemy___4___？”可知，此处指如果作者拒绝再吃一些，妈妈会不高兴。故选A项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我拒绝再吃一些，我母亲的回答是，“怎么了？你不喜欢我做的饭?”A.acting行动，表现；B.dressing穿；C.teaching教学；D.cooking烹饪，做饭。根据前文“Itwaseasyto___2___howmuchyouwereeating.”可知，此处和“吃”有关，结合母亲的第一个问句“What'sthematter？”可知，此处妈妈说的是“你难道不喜欢吃我做的饭？”故选D项。【40题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我自然而然地把这种高热量的饮食带到了成年期。A.sadly伤心地；B.carefully认真地；C.secretly秘密地；D.naturally自然地。根据前文“Atthattime，consuminglotsofbread，pastaanddessertsneverletmefeelself­indulgent(放纵自己的)”可知，作者从未意识到吃高热量的食物是在放纵自己，所以“自然地”吃着这些长大了。故选D项。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到我30多岁的时候，我才意识到有些事情需要改变。A.promised承诺；B.required要求；C.realized意识到；D.argued争论。根据后文“Ihadlittleenergy，andbecausemyfatbodydidn'twanttodoanything，itseemed___7___waspassingmeby.”可知，作者的身体状况让作者意识到必须做出改变。故选C项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有多少精力，而且因为我肥胖的身体不想做任何事，生活似乎在与我擦肩而过。A.hope希望；B.life生活；C.problem问题；D.reason理由。根据句意可知，因为作者胖得没有精力做事，所以感觉好像自己未受到生活的眷顾。后文“I'mnotexaggerating(夸张)whenIsayoatmealhas___10___thequalityofmylife.”作者生活的变化，也是提示。故选B项。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个朋友建议我每天早餐吃燕麦片时，我说:“你一定是在开玩笑!”A.opposed反对；B.suggested建议；C.begged祈求；D.failed失败。根据后文（该段最后）“soItookheradvice”可知，朋友应该是建议作者每天早餐吃燕麦片。故选B项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是这个朋友非常热心，告诉我吃这个可以让我保持饱腹感，同时又不会有高热量和脂肪，所以我接受了她的建议。A.low低的；B.high高的；C.deep深的；D.short短的。根据上文（第一段结尾）“I___5___carriedthishigh­caloriedietintoadulthood.”可知，此处指要减肥应该是吃热量不“高”但能充饥的食物。故选B项。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说燕麦片改变了我的生活质量，这并不夸张。A.expected预料，期望；B.invented发明；C.remained保持；D.changed变化。根据下文“Iusedtogethungrybetweenbreakfastandlunch，reachingforacupofcoffeeanditscharmingcompanion，thecake.Now，Idon'teven___11___fooduntillunchtime.”的内容可知，燕麦片“改变”了作者的生活质量。此处与前文“Itwasn'tuntilmymid­30sthatI___6___somethinghadtochange.”中的change相呼应。故选D项。【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，我甚至在午餐前都不会想到食物。A.throwabout到处扔；B.worrya