沪教版-英语-八上-Unit3-讲义

Unit3Computers课前检测课前检测1.Workas2.Beunawareof3.缺少，缺乏4.在某地制造5.inaddition6.玩得开心、愉快7.inthefuture8.过去常常做某事9.grandtotal10.oneday11.上网12.期待，期盼【经典例句】1.Learnhowtocomparethingsbyusingthecomparativeofparev.比拟；比照compare…with…compare……to……如：thispicturethatoneandseewhichisbetter.Thissongourcountryabigfamily.2.Youdependoncomputersmorethanyourealize.Dependon，不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。如：Childrendependontheirparents.morethan意为“”，常和数词连用，相当于Heboughtmorethan60books.3.Youneverseemtobeshortofpocketmoney.Seem意为“”〔1〕在“seem〔tobe〕+形容词”结构中，tobe可以省略。但如果后面是afraid，asleep，awake等表语形容词时，那么tobe不能省略。Thegreenleavesseemed〔tobe〕morebeautifulaftertherain.Sheseemstobeafraidoftheteacher.〔2〕seemtodosth.似乎是，好似要做某事seem后还可以接that从句，构成Itseems/seemed+that.Heseems〔know〕everthing.ItseemsthatJohndoesn’tagreewithyou.【经典例题】1.—Canyoulendmesomemoney?—I________itrightnow.A.amshortofB.inshortforC.wasshortfor2.Myparentsshowed________someoldpicturesthatbroughtbacksweetmemories.AIBmeCmyDmine3.—Shallwegoforapicnictomorrow?—Well,itall_______theweather.AbelongstoBhappenstoCdependson4.—I’mgoingonvacationthisweekend.—________!AThesametoyouBHaveagoodtimeCHurryupDHoldon,please.5.Iseemtohaveseenhimsomewherebefore.〔改为同义句〕ItthatIhimsomewherebefore.4.However,onedaycomputersmaybeabletodoabetterjobthanhumanbeings.Beableto意为“能，能够”，后接动词原形。Tomisableto〔can〕speakEnglishverywellHewasableto〔could〕driveacarthreeyearsago.Ithinkyou’llbeabletopasstheexam.辨析beableto与canbeableto表示有能力，往往是经过努力而获得的能力有人称和数的变化可用于多种时态can表示身体或精神上自身具备的能力，还可以表示请求、允许、推测没有人称和数的变化只有一般现在时和一般过去时的两种时态5.Someyoungpeoplealwaysneedhelpfromtheirparents.Need作实义动词讲，意为需要Needtodosth“需要做某事”，主语通常是人Weneedtotellhimthetruth.Needdoingsth“”，主语通常是物Theflowersneedwatering.Need作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要用于否认句或疑问句中。6.Wehadfunandlearntsomethingnewaswell.Aswell意为“”。通常放句末，相当于.IcanspeakChineseandIcanspeakEnglish.辨析易混词：aswell,also,too,eitheraswell用于肯定句句末，不用逗号与句子分开also用于肯定句句中，also位于be动词和助动词之后，行为动词之前too用于肯定句句末，前面用逗号隔开，有时也可无逗号either表示“也”时，用于否认句句末以加强语气【经典例题】一、单项选择：()1.Marydepended________hergrandparentsafterherparentsdiedintheaccidentA.onB.inC.byD.with()2.Lucy’smother________ateacherinabigschool.Sheiskindtoallherstudents.A.worksoutB.worksasC.worksinD.workson()3.Samisanexcellentengineer.________,heisagoodfootballer.A.introubleB.intimeC.inadditionD.infuture()4.Lucycouldreadstorybooksattheageoffour.A.isabletoB.wasabletoC.shouldD.would()5.Finishyourhomeworkfirst,thenyou’llwatchTVforanhour.A.canB.beabletoC.ableD.would()6.—MustIhandinmyhomeworknow,Mr.Smith?—No,you.A.can’tB.shouldn’tC.wouldn’tD.needn’t(二)完成句子。1人们生病时要依靠医生。Peoplehaveto________________doctorswhentheyareill.此外，李老师还是个灌篮高手。________________,MrLiisagreatbasketballplayer.3你父亲从事什么工作？Whatdoesyourfather________________?我没发觉到这个错误的答案。I________________________thewronganswer.5如果你比拟一下这些文章，你就会知道谁写得最好。________you________thesearticles,you’llknowwritesthebest.7.Whatdoyouthinkofcomputers?Whatdoyouthinkof….=Howdoyoulike……?你觉得…..怎么样？-Whatdoyouthinkofyourtrip?-Great!Wehaveagoodtime!【中考链接】你认为我们的校规和班规怎样？____doyou_________ourschoolrulesandclassrules?8.Howoftendoyouusethecomputer?Howoften“”答复的时候用频度副词always，often……或者频度副词短语once/twiceaweek.—Howoftendotheyplayping-pong?—Onceaweek.【辨析】howsoon多久以后，指频率常用“in+时间段”答复howlong意为“多长〔时间〕”，既可对一段时间提问，也可对物体长度提问常用“for+时间段”答复howfar多远，询问距离、路程常用表示距离的短语答复【中考链接】—_________doyougotolibrary?—Onceaweek.9.Theredonecosts2,500yuan,andit’smadeofleather.spend,take,pay,cost的区别易混词含义及用法例句spendspend作花费讲，主语只能是人，指某人“花费〔时间、金钱〕”，常用于spend……onsth或spend…(in)doingsthHespentmuchtimeonhishoework.Mikespentoneyuan(in)buyingapen.taketake作“花费”讲，常用于ittakessbsometimetodosth句型中Ittookusaweektofinishthework.costcost作“花费〔时间、精力、金钱等〕”讲，主语只能是物或事情，cost可以接双宾语，但cost没有被动语态。Sthcost(s)/cost(sb)somemoney.Thebikecostme200yuan.payPay作“花费”讲，主语只能是人，指为买的东西付钱，常与介词for连用。Sbpay〔s〕/paidmoneyforsbTompaid200yuanforthecoat.【经典例题】【中考链接】1.I_______someofmyfreetimeplayingbasketballformyschoolteam.AspendBcostCtakeDpay.2.—HowmuchdoestheTV?—Nottoomuch.It’sjustasecond-handedone.A.costB.spendC.takeD.payfor3.Acomputerhimalotofmoney.A.costB.spendsC.costedD.spent4.—Couldweseeeachotherat9o’clocktomorrowmorning.—Sorry,Let’smakeit______time.Aother’sBtheotherCanotherDother【经典例题】一、根据提示完成句子1那件衬衣多少钱？_______________________________theskirt?2他每天要花一个小时玩电脑游戏。He_______overanhour_______computergameseveryday.3—一杯咖啡怎么样？—好的，谢谢你！—__________________acupofcoffee?—Yes,please.Thankyou.4.—你觉得今晚的电影怎么样？—很一般—___________you___________themovietonight?—It’sjustso-so二、单项选择()1.---Whatdoyouthinkofthetwobackpacks?---________ofthemareverynice.AEitherBBothCEachDAll()2.Itusually______Mumabouthalfanhourtocooksupper.ApaysBtakesCspendsDcosts()3.Daisyissuchagooddaughterthatshe_____mostofhersparetimewithherparents.AspendsBcostsCtakesDaffords()4.—_______doesyoucousingotothegym?—Twiceaweek.AHowlongBHowoftenCHowsoonDHowmuch()5.—______areyouleavingforBeijing?—Inacoupleofdays.AHowfarBHowoftenCHowsoonDHowlong()6.—Jenny,Ineedsomemilk.—Ok.Mum.______doyouneed?AHowmuchBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowlong()7.—_______haveyoubeenmarried?—Fortwentyyears.AHowlongBHowfarCHowsoonDHowoften10.ThestudentsplayedcomputergamesontheInternetalldaySaturdaywithoutstoppingtodrink,eatorsleep.〔1〕without介词“”.后接名词，代词以及动名词，多作伴随状语Heleftwithoutaword.Hewenttoschoolwithout〔eat〕breakfast.〔2〕Stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事。Ihavebeenstudyforthewholeafternoon.Ineedtostoptohavearest.Sopdoingsth.停止做某事Thegirlstopped.〔cry〕〔3〕Stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Let’sstopthechildrenfromplayingnearthelake.11.Lookforwardtoyourreplay.Lookforwardto……希望，盼望其中to是介词，后面跟动词的ing形式。I’malwayslookingforwardto〔buy〕anewcar.【中考链接】Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystopped_____andlayontheground,soweallstopped_______whatwaswrongwithhim.\Atorun;toseeBrunning;seeingCrunning;tosee【经典例题】一、根据汉语提示完成句子1.我期待着参观故宫I’m__________________________thePalaceMuseum.2.非常感谢你能来参加我的生日聚会Thanksverymuch_____________tomybirthdayparty.3.他立刻匆匆忙忙的跑出去，一句话也没有说。Hehurriedoutimmediately__________aword.4.他让我们停下来休息一会儿。Let’s______________arest.【经典例题】()1.—IsNewZealandabigcountry?—No,NewZealandonlyhastwoisland.OneisNorthIsland,______isSouthIsland.AotherBtheotherCanotherDtheothers()2.—I’mlookingforwardto________myparentssoon.Whataboutyou?—Metoo.AseeingBseeCsaw()3.Kate,thanksfor______me______myEnglish.Ahelping;toBtohelp;withChelping;with()4.Mydreamhometownisanamazingplace______anypollution.AwithBwithoutCoutDin()5---Dad,whymustIstop_______computergames?---Foryourhealth,myboy.AplayBtoplayCtoplayingDplaying()6.AsyouknowIt’sourdutyto_______peoplefromhurtinganimalsindanger.AstopBsaveChelpDprotect()7.—Themeatis_____delicious.—Yes,butdon’teat______.Atoomuch,toomuchBmuchtoo,toomuchCtoomuch,muchtooDmuchtoo,muchtooGrammer形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级一般来说，中文意思是“”的词是形容词，而中文意思是“”的词是副词。形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级是中考考试的重点之一〔中考必考点〕形容词:概述:形容词是用以修饰名词或某些代词,表示人或事物的性质,特征或状态的.eg:Thisisasmallnoon.多个形容词作定语一般遵循下面的规那么:限(冠词,物主代词,指示代词,数词等)观(描述)形(大小,形状等)龄(年龄,新旧等)色(色彩)国(国籍,出处等)副词:表示行为特征或性状的词叫副词,副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。副词的根本特征：=1\*GB3①副词是表示行为或状态特征的词，在句子中属于类。=2\*GB3②大多数副词是用形容词加后缀－构成的。Eg:quicklyslowlybravely以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成，再加-。Eg:happy-----happilyangry-----angrily有些副词没有特殊词尾。Eg:late,often,here,quite,never,very=3\*GB3③有些副词与形容词形式相同。Eg:late,early,high,long,fast=4\*GB3④只有可以分成比拟级的副词才能有比拟级和最高级形，eg:fast,easily等。像only,really,here,there那么不可能有比拟级，因为它们是不可分级的。一、形容词、副词比拟级和最高级的意义英语中的形容词和副词，在句子里表示“比拟……”、“最……”时，要用特别的形式，即：比拟级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。如：longlongerlongest原级比拟级最高级1．Theblackpenis.黑色的钢笔很长。2．Thebluepenistheblackone.蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。3．Theredpenisofthethree.红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。形容词、副词的比拟级和最高级的构成规那么单音节词和少数双音节词〔如以y结尾的词〕以加词尾的方式构成，在加词尾时要注意：类型构成法例词一般单音节词直接加词尾-er,-estsmall,samller,smallest以-e或-ee结尾的词加-r,-stlarge,larger,largestfree,freer,freest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i，再加词尾-er，-estbusy,busier,biggestheavy,heavier,heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-estbig,bigger,biggestthin,thinner,thinnest大局部双音节词和多音节词都在其前加more方式构成：原级比拟级最高级importantmoreimportantdifficultmostdifficultuseful注：有少数单音节的形容词，通常以加more,most的方法构成比拟级和最高级，如：pleased,tired,fond,glad等。【习题训练】一、按要求写单词slow(反义词)____________cheap(反义词)__________fast(反义词)____________plane(同义词)___________much〔比拟级〕__________bus(复数)____________cost(同义词)___________take(反义词)____________二、写出以下形容词的比拟级和最高级1.long________________2.great________________3.fine________________4.big________________5.easy________________6.hot________________7.early________________8.brave________________9.beautiful________________10.important________________三、形容词、副词比拟级的用法表示两者间的比拟用比拟级。其常见句式有：1．“A+be+形容词比拟级+than+B”意思为“”。如：.这棵树比那棵树高。注意：①在含有连词than的比拟级中，前后的比拟对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比拟。②在比拟级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。Awatermelonismuchbiggerthananapple.③very,quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比拟级。2．“become+形容词比拟级+and+形容词比拟级”是“”的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比拟级。Itbecomeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.注：表示“越来越……”时，假设比拟级是“原级+er”构成的，那么常用“比拟级+and+比拟级”形式；假设比拟级是“more+原级”构成的，需用“moreandmore+原级形式”。Ourschoolisbecoming〔越来越漂亮〕3.“the+比拟级…，the+比拟级…”，表示“”Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyouwillmake.4．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比拟级形式。Whoistaller,TimorTom?四、形容词、副词的最高级的用法例：Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.Sheistheyoungestintheclass.1.句型：A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of〔in〕…表示三者或三者以上〔人或事物〕的比拟，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of〔in〕短语来说明比拟的范围。1.Tomisthehappiestofusall.2.Thisparkisthemostbeautifulofthethree.拓展：of…和in…的区别〔1〕“of+复数”表示“在……之中的”；“在……中”ofthefour……ofall〔people〕ofalltheboysofusofallthings〔2〕“in+范围、场所”译为“在……之中”；“在……之内”inthehouseinChinaintheworldinourschoolinmyfamilyMyfatheristhetallestinmyfamily.在我家里，我父亲最高。2.句型：.oneofthe+最高级，表示“是最……之一者”ShanghaiiscitiesinChina.〔最漂亮之一〕Ourcityiscitiesintheworld.〔最平安之一〕languagesisEnglish.〔最重要之一〕AmericaisoneofthemostimportantcountriesforChina.注意：1.oneofthe+最高级，后面要加上名词的复数，即为“oneofthe+最高级+复数名词”2.“most+复数名词”、“mostofthe+复数名词〕或mostof+代词，表示“大多数，大局部的……”Mostoftheboysaregood.Mostof〔hisbooks〕themwerewrittenhere.最高级的表示方法最高级的表示方法：我们可以用原级、比拟级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级，总结如下：她是她们班最好的学生。最高级：Sheisthebestinherclass.比拟级：Sheisbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.Nootherstudentinherclassisbetterthanshe.原级：Nootherstudentinherclassisasgoodasshe.总结：比拟级形式表达最高级的句型。比拟级+than+anyother+名词单数.Thebookismoredifficultthananyotherbookhere.比拟级+than+theother+复数可数名词Thisappleisbiggerthantheotherapplesinthebasket.五、注意1.形容词最高级前一定要有定冠词the，而副词最高级前那么不需要。eg：Whatanimalsrunfastest?Theyrunfastestintheworld.2.形容词的最高级可被序数词修饰，表示“第几〔长、大、高…〕”，形容词的最高级前有物主代词时，不加the。eg：LucyisthesecondtallestgirlinourfamilyTodayismyhappiestday.【经典例题】1.—“FoodSfatety”problemisbecomingtheseday.—Ithinkso，Thegovernmentmustdodealwithit.〔2016·山东〕A.smallerandsamllerB.worseandworseC.betterandbetterD.nicerandnicer2.Heisalittlethanyou，butheisasasyou.〔2016·新疆〕A.thin；strongerD.thinner；strongerC.thinner；strongD.thin；strong3.—HaveyouwatchedABiteofChinarecently?—Ofcourse.IdobelieveChinesefoodis____intheworld.(2016·山西)A.themostdeliciousB.moredeliciousC.delicious4.Withthedevelopmentofmodernscience,It’s______forustogetinformationfromallovertheworld.A.slowerB.busierC.harderD.easier5.Theboxwas_____thanIhadexpected.IwasoutofbreathwhenIgothome.(2016·呼和浩特)A.moreheavierB.muchheavierC.littleheavierD.veryheavier6.—Doyoulikeeatingfish，WangHan?—Ofcourse.Nothingcanbe_______，Ithink.(2016·嘉兴)A.delicious

B.beautiful

C.more

delicious

D.more

beautiful

7.—Heistheonlyonewhofailedinthemathexam.—Really?You

mean

he

studies________.(2016·白银)A.the

most

careful

B.the

least

careful

C.the

most

carefully

D.the

least

carefully

8.Ibecomeoneofwritersinourschool.〔2017·陕西〕A.goodB.thebestC.poorD.thepoorest9.youspeak，yourEnglishwillbe.〔2016·陕西〕A.Theless；themoreB.Themore；thebetterC.Theless；thebetterD.Themore；theless10.Wehavedonemuchtoprotecttheenvironment.Sotheriverisgettingthanbefore.〔2015·陕西〕A.dirtierB.dirtyC.cleanerD.clean11.Lucyisa(n)student，sheanswerstheteachers’questioninherclass.〔2014·陕西〕A.moreactive；moreactivelyB.active；moreactivelyC.moreactive；themostactivelyD.active；themostactively【习题训练】一、单项选择——whichcolourdoyoulike_________,blueorgreen?——Blue.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebestHedoesn’tplaytheviolinso________ashisfather.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.bestShanghaiis________oneofthetwocities.A.thelargerB.largerC.thelargestD.largest——Excuseme,sir.Theshoesareabitsmallforme.——Don’tworry.I’llchangethemfora_______size.A.smallerB.smallestC.largerD.largestIthinkBobisthemostsuitablepersontotakethejobbecausehecandotheworkwellwith_________moneyand________people.less;lessB.less;moreC.more;fewerD.less;fewer二、用所给词的正确形式填空：1.Mybrotheristwoyears________(old)thanme.2.Isyourfriend________(young)thanyou?3.Whois________(thin)，youorHelen?4.Whosepencil-boxis________(big)，yoursorhers?5.Which

is

the______(heavy)

,

an

elephant,

a

horse

or

a

pig?6.This

country

is

_______(rich)

than

that

one.

7.His

sister

is

a

little

_______(tall)

than

him.

8.Herparents

have

four

daughters,

and

she

is

the_________(young)

one9.The

________________(expensive)

bags

are

not

always

the

best

ones.10.She

will

be

much

____________(happy)

in

her

new

house.三、选择题

1.

The

yellow

shoes

are

_______

than

the

blue

ones.A

expensive

B

expensiver

Cmore

Dmost

2.

He

feels

_______

today

than

yesterday.A

tired

B

more

tired

C

more

tireder

D

much

tired

3.

Tim

is

_____

than

Jack.A

funny

B

much

funny

C

funnier

D

funniest

4.

I

am

taller

than

others

in

my

class.

I

am

_____

in

my

class.A

tall

B

taller

Cthe

taller

D

the

tallest

5.

I

have

______

books

than

you

have.A

many

B

much

C

more

D

most

6.

His

uncle

‘s

house

is

very

________

.A

old

Bolder

C

oldest

D

the

oldest

7.Mybikeis_______buthisbikeis_______AnewnewBnewnewerCnewnewestDnewernewest

8.Pleasecleanyourroom.It’s______now.AcleanBdirtyCcleanerDcleanest9.Ourschoolis_______thanyours.AthebiggestBbiggestCthebiggerDbigger四、完成句子1.谁比吉姆年纪大？Who

is

________________

Jim?

2.谁比大卫更强壮？Who

is

______________

David?

3.谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？Whose

pencil

is,his

or

hers?

4.这本书比那本书更有趣。This

book

is

____________________________that

one.

5.今天比昨天冷。It

is

__________

today

_________

it

was

yesterday.阅读能力提升与训练阅读理解ChinesewriterMoYanwontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012.Mo,whowasbornin1955intoafarmer’sfamilyinGaomiCountyinShandongProvince,isthefirstChinesenationaltowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature.Inhisearlyyears,lifewasnoteasyandheexperiencedhunger(饥饿).ThesethingshaveinfluencedMoYan’slaterwritings.60-year-oldParkGeun-hye(朴槿惠)waselected(选举)thenewPresidentofSouthKoreainDecember,2012.Shebecomesthecountry'sfirstfemaleheadofstateandhertermwilllastfiveyearsfrom2013.“Iwillbecomeapresidentwhoputspeople’slivingbeforeanythingelse,”ShetoldthecheeringpeopleincentralSeoulassheacceptedherwin.“Iwillkeepmypromises.”BarackObama(borninHonolulu,Hawaiiin1961),whowaselectedthe44thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesin2008,hasbeenelectedagaintoasecondterm,fightingagainstRepublicanchallengerMittRomney.ObamaisagraduateofColumbiaUniversityandHarvardLawSchool.HisfatherwasfromKenya.AndhismotherwasborninWichita,Kansas.1.WhenMoYanwasyoung,hisfamilymightbe______.A.bigB.p