黑龙江省大庆2024-2025高三英语上学期期中考试试题VIP

大庆试验中学2024—2025学年度第一学期高三期中考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydidn'tthewomansleepwelllastnight?A.Therewasadogbarking.B.Therewassomeloudmusic.C.Thereweresomebirdssinging.2.Whatisthemandoing?A.Checkingamap.B.Drivingacar.C.Pointingthedirections.3.Whatdoesthewomanmeanintheend?A.Themanmadeapoorexcuse.B.Thetrainisunreliableonrainydays.C.Themanistheonlyonetotakethesubway.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacarshop.B.Atacarpark.C.Atagarage.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anevent.B.AbudgetC.Theboss.其次节：（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Whentogetfullyprepared.B.Whentovisitacustomer.C.Whentomeettheaccountant.7.Whatwillthewomandoat2:30p.m.?A.Meettheman.B.Talkwiththeaccountant.C.Attendanappointment.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What'sthebestlanguagestudymethodaccordingtotheman?A.Usinganapp.B.Speakingwithlocalpeople.C.Listeningtonews.9.Whatdoesthemanvaluemost?A.Touringthecountry.B.Exploringlocalcafes.C.Gettinginvolvedinculture.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhereisPizzaDelight?A.Inthecitycenter.B.Neartheman'shouse.C.Bythemovietheatre.11.Whatisthewoman'sopinionofthepizzainPizzaDelight?A.It'sfancy.B.It'sfine.C.It'sbad.12.Howsoonwillthespeakersleave?A.In15minutes.B.In30minutes.C.In45minutes.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthekeyfactorinwindsurfing?A.High-qualityequipment.B.Personalphysicalcondition.C.Previoussportingexperience.14.WhatadvicedoesLilygiveonsafety?A.Usenoticeableboardandsail.B.Preparelife-savingequipment.C.Tealsomeonehowyoucanbeidentified.15.WhatdoesLilyenjoymostaboutwindsurfing?A.Forgettingeverydayworries.B.Learningnewtechniques.C.Developinghermuscles.16.WhatmightLilydointhefuture?A.Giveupwindsurfing.B.Actasawindsurfingcoach.C.Takepartinwindsurfingcompetitions.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatcanthelistenersdoduringtheopening?A.Enteracompetition.B.MeetasportsmanC.Getasignedcopy.18.Whatwillallcompetitorsreceive?A.Ticketsforsportsevents.B.Sportscalendars.C.SignedcopiesofCDs.19.Howmuchdoesthefitnesstestcostthismonth?A.£15.B.£30.C.£50.20.Whatdoesthespeakerencouragelistenerstodointheend?A.Tobookaplaceviaemail.B.Totryoutequipmentatopeningmornings.C.Toopenanaccountformoreoffers.其次部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEveryyear,TIMEhighlightsinventionsthataremakingtheworldbetter,smarterandevenabitmorefun.Herearesomeselectedonesthatwillabsolutelyblowyourkids’mind.SpheroIndi($124.99)Codingisamatterofproblem-solvingandpatternrecognition.SpheroInditeachesboth,noscreenrequired.Instead,kidsusedifferent-coloredcardstomovearoboticcarfrompointAtoB—greencardsincreasingitsspeed,pinkcardstellingittoturnleft,andsoon.“Wereallywantedtobringtheseabstractconceptsintothephysicalworld,”saysJeffWiencrot,oneoftheproductdevelopers.Thames&KosmosMegaCyborgHand($39.95)Theefforttogetkidsinterestedinsciencejustgotahelpinghand—acyborghand,tobeprecise.Kidsbuildaroboticarmthatcopiestheirhandgestures,whiletheylearnaboutengineeringandrobotics.Onceassembled(组装)andslippedonlikeaglove,thedevicepassesforcesfromtheuser’sfingerstotheextendedonesoftherobotichand.SproutelPurrble($49.99)Forchildrenwhoareupsetforsomereason,Purrblecomestotheirrescue.Aninteractivetoyequippedwithsevensensorsthatrespondtotouch,Purrble’sheartbeatspeedsupwhenitsensessomebody’splayingwithit.Kidscanthencomforttheircompanionwithgentlepetting,slowingPurrble’srapidheartbeattoapurr(咕噜声)—calmingthemselvesaswellintheprocess.Legorecycledbrick(Unpriced)TheLegoGroup,intendingtomakeallLegobricksfromsustainableresourcesby2030,spentthepastthreeyearstestingdifferentrecycledPETplasticmaterials,andfinallydevelopeditsfirstrecycledPETbrickthatisnearlyidenticaltotheusualbrick.TheDanishtoycompanyhopestointegratetherecycledblocksintoLegosetsinthenext18to24months.1.WhatdoSpheroIndiandThames&KomosMegaCyborgHandhaveincommon?A.Theytrainkidsinprogramming. B.Theyareinventedbykids.C.Theyneedfittingtogetherfirst. D.Theycombinefunwithlearning.2.Whichinventionbestsuitskidswhoneedemotionalcomfort?A.SpheroIndi. B.SproutelPurrble.C.Thames&KosmosMegaCyborgHand D.Legorecycledbrick.3.WhatmakesLegorecycledbrickspecial?A.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly. B.Itcanbemass-produced.C.Itlooksdistinctfromtheusualone. D.Itisasolutiontotesting.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种适合孩子的玩具。【1题详解】微小环节理解题。依据SpheroIndi($124.99)部分中“Instead,kidsusedifferent-coloredcardstomovearoboticcarfrompointAtoB—greencardsincreasingitsspeed,pinkcardstellingittoturnleft,andsoon.“Wereallywantedtobringtheseabstractconceptsintothephysicalworld,”saysJeffWiencrot,oneoftheproductdevelopers.(相反，孩子们运用不同颜色的卡片将机器人汽车从A点移动到B点——绿色卡片提高其速度，粉红色卡片告知它向左拐，等等。“我们真的很想把这些抽象的概念带入现实世界，”产品开发人员之一JeffWiencrot说)”以及Thames&KosmosMegaCyborgHand($39.95)部分中“Theefforttogetkidsinterestedinsciencejustgotahelpinghand—acyborghand,tobeprecise.Kidsbuildaroboticarmthatcopiestheirhandgestures,whiletheylearnaboutengineeringandrobotics.(让孩子们对科学感爱好的努力只是得到了一个帮助——一个机器人手，精确的说。孩子们通过复制自己的手臂建立一个机器人手臂，同时他们学习关于工程和机器人的学问)”可知，Spheroindii和Thames&KomosMegaCyborgHand的共同之处是把学习和消遣结合起来。故选D。【2题详解】微小环节理解题。依据SproutelPurrble部分中“Forchildrenwhoareupsetforsomereason,Purrblecomestotheirrescue.(对于那些因为某种缘由而担忧的孩子，Purrble会来挽救他们)”可知，SproutelPurrble最适合须要情感劝慰的孩子。故选B。【3题详解】微小环节理解题。依据最终一段“TheLegoGroup,intendingtomakeallLegobricksfromsustainableresourcesby2030,spentthepastthreeyearstestingdifferentrecycledPETplasticmaterials,andfinallydevelopeditsfirstrecycledPETbrickthatisnearlyidenticaltotheusualbrick.(乐高集团支配到2030年用可持续资源生产全部乐高积木，在过去的三年里，他们测试了不同的再生PET塑料材料，最终开发出了第一块与一般积木几乎相同的再生PET砖)”可知，乐高回收积木的特殊之处在于它是环保的。故选A。BWhenImadethedecisiontoquitmyfull-timeemployment,IneverthoughtthatIcouldgetinvolvedinanincreasingglobaltrend.Ihadtoleavemyrelativelyhigh-profilepositionforanunexpectedmovethathurtmyprideandpreventedmefromgettingpromoted.Yet,Iexcusedmydeparturebysaying“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.Curiously,afteraroundtwoandahalfyears,myexperienceinwhatAmericansrefertoas“downshifting”hasturnedmyexcuseintoanabsolutereality.IhavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofLindaKelsey’s“haveitall”concept,whichshehasbeenpromotingforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoiscontenttoacceptalittlebitofeverything.Ihavediscoveredthatabandoningtheideaof“jugglingyourlife”andadoptingthealternativestrategyof“downshifting”hasbenefitsthatgofarbeyondfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldconvincemetogobacktothelifestyleKelseyusedtopromoteandwhichIhadpreviouslyenjoyed:12-hourworkdays,tightdeadlines,theterrifyingpressureofofficepolitics,andthedemandofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.Afterthewidespreadlayoffs(裁员)broughtonbycost-cuttinginthelate1980s,Americastartedtomovetowardasimpler,lessmaterialisticwayoflifeasaresponsetotheeconomicdownturn.InAmerica,simplifyingone’slifeisfrequentlydoneforfinancialreasons,butinBritain,atleastamongthemiddleclassIknow,wehavedifferentmotivationsfordoingso.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereencouragedtokeepjuggling,downshiftingisnotsomuchasearchforamythical(虚无的)goodlife—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.4.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.Thewriterdidn’ttakeprideinheroriginaljob.B.Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.C.Thewriterwaseagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.D.Thewriterwasforcedtoresignduetoanexternalfactor.5.Whatdoweknowaboutdownshiftingaccordingtothetext?A.Thewriterabandonedherhighsocialstatusfordownshifting.B.Downshiftingallowedthewritertomakeherdreamcometrue.C.Thewriterchangedherwayofthinkingthroughdownshifting.D.ThewriteracceptedtheconceptofShemagazinebecauseofdownshifting.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“jugglingyourlife”inparagraph3mean?A.Settlingforabitofeverything.B.Choosingtoliveasimplelife.C.Adoptingabusyandstressfullifestyle.D.Stayingawayfromamaterialisticwayoflife.7.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A.Itisnevertoolatetopursueyourdream.B.Downshiftingresultsinamoresatisfactoryandsimplerlife.C.ThereisadifferencebetweentheAmericanandBritishcultures.D.Peopleshouldadoptdownshiftingtosearchformythicalexperiences.【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲解并描述了作者变更了原来繁忙，有压力的生活方式，实行了“降速”的方式，意识到了“降速”有很多好处，同时，生活也变得简洁和令人满足。【4题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段中“Ihadtoleavemyrelativelyhigh-profilepositionforanunexpectedmovethathurtmyprideandpreventedmefromgettingpromoted.(我不得不离开我相对高调的职位，因为一个意想不到的举动，损害了我的自尊心，并阻挡我得到晋升。)”可推知，由于外部因素，作者被迫辞职。故选D。【5题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段“Curiously,afteraroundtwoandahalfyears,myexperienceinwhatAmericansrefertoas“downshifting”hasturnedmyexcuseintoanabsolutereality.IhavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofLindaKelsey’s“haveitall”concept,whichshehasbeenpromotingforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoiscontenttoacceptalittlebitofeverything.(惊异的是，在大约两年半之后，我在美国人所说的“减速”中的阅历使我的借口变成了确定的现实。我已经从琳达•凯尔西(LindaKelsey)“拥有一切”理念的热忱提倡者(她在过去七年里始终在《她》杂志上宣扬这一理念)，变成了一个满足于接受一点点全部事情的女人。)”可知，通过“downshifting”，作者已经从“拥有一切”理念的热忱提倡者变成了一个满足于接受一点点全部事情的女人，由此可推知，通过“downshifting”作者的思索方式发生了变更，故选C。【6题详解】词句揣测题。依据画线短语下文“NothingcouldconvincemetogobacktothelifestyleKelseyusedtopromoteandwhichIhadpreviouslyenjoyed:12-hourworkdays,tightdeadlines,theterrifyingpressureofofficepolitics,andthedemandofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.(没有什么能够劝服我回到凯尔西曾经提倡的生活方式，也就是我以前宠爱的生活方式：12小时的工作时间，紧迫的截止日期，办公室政治的可怕压力，以及作为家长对“高质量时间”的要求。)”可知，作者以前的生活方式是繁忙的，有压力的，结合画线短语所在句子“Ihavediscoveredthatabandoningtheideaof“jugglingyourlife”andadoptingthealternativestrategyof“downshifting”hasbenefitsthatgofarbeyondfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.(我发觉，放弃“jugglingyourlife”的想法，实行“降速”的替代策略，其好处远远超出了经济胜利和社会地位。)”可推知，作者以前的生活是繁忙，有压力的，如今作者放弃了原来的生活方式，转而“降速”，感到很好，由此可推知，画线短语jugglingyourlife指的是作者以前那种繁忙，有压力的生活方式，故选C。【7题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段中“Ihavediscoveredthatabandoningtheideaof“jugglingyourlife”andadoptingthealternativestrategyof“downshifting”hasbenefitsthatgofarbeyondfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.(我发觉，放弃“繁忙有压力的生活”的想法，实行“降速”的替代策略，其好处远远超出了经济胜利和社会地位。)”和最终一段中“Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereencouragedtokeepjuggling,downshiftingisnotsomuchasearchforamythical(虚无的)goodlife—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.(对于我们这一代被激励接着应付的女性来说，降低工作速度与其说是为了追求神话般的奇异生活——自己种植有机蔬菜，并冒着变成有机蔬菜的风险——不如说是为了个人相识到自己的局限性。)”可推知，文章主要讲解并描述了作者变更了原来繁忙，有压力的生活方式，实行了“降速”的方式，感到很多好处，生活也变得简洁。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告知我们“降速”会带来更令人满足和更简洁的生活。故选B。CAworkdayfilledwithastringofmentallydemandingtaskscanleaveyoufeelingburnedout.Afterlonghoursofmentallytrackingonethoughtafteranother,you'reprobablymorelikelytochoosearelaxingeveningofstreamingTVshowsthantotackleatoughtaskonyourto-dolistortomaketimeforacreativepursuit.Forsometime,researchershavesuspectedthatlongperiodsofmentaleffortleadtoashortageofglucose(葡萄糖),akeyresourcethatsuppliestheenergy-hungrybrain.Experimentsintheearly2000ssupportedthisconcept—reportingthatpeopleexperiencedareductioninbloodglucoseafteramentallydemandingtaskandthatconsumingasugarydrinkcouldmakegoodsense.Butsubsequentworkfailedtoreproducethosefindings.Actually,theenergycostassociatedwiththinkingcanbenegligible.Oneanalysissuggeststhatoverworkedbrainsusemuchlessthanone-tenthofasmallTicTaccandy'sworthofglucose.AteamofscientistsledbyAntoniusWiehlerofPitie-SalpetriereUniversityHospital,lookedatthingsfromadifferentangle.Toproducementaltiredness,agroupofparticipantswereaskedtoperformoversixhoursofvarioustasksthatinvolvedthinking.Halfwereassignedeasythingstodoandhalfhardones.Duringtheexperiment,thescientistsusedatechniquetomeasurethechangesofchemicalsinthebrain.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhohadtakenonthehardertaskhadhigherconcentrationsofglutamate(谷氨酸)intheLPFC(anareainvolvedinmentalprocessessuchasdecision-making)thanthosewhohadperformedtheeasierone.Throughouttheexperiment,participantswereaskedtomakedecisionsthatcouldrevealtheirmentaltiredness.Participantswhowereassignedthemorechallengingtaskweremorelikelytochooselow-costandlittle-effortoptions,especiallytowardstheendofthesixhours.So,istheresomewayaroundthislimitationofourbrain'sabilitytothinkhard?“Notreally,I'mafraid,”saidPessiglione,Wiehler'scolleague.“Iwouldremindyouthattirednessisindeedasignalindicatingyouneedtostopworkingtopreservetheeffectivenessofbrainfunctioning.Thereisgoodevidencethatthebalanceofglutamateisrestoredafteranight'ssleep."8.Whatdidresearchersfindthroughexperimentsintheearly2000s?A.Bloodglucoseinfluencesthebrain'sperformance.B.Humanbrainsusemuchofthebody'sglucose.C.Humanscangainenoughenergyfromdailydiets.D.Bloodglucoselevelsfallfastwithouremotionalchanges.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negligible”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Insignificant. C.Immeasurable. D.Complicated10.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheteam'sresearch?A.Thinkinghardconsumesalotofglutamate.B.Mentaltirednessleadstopeople'sfalsesenseoftime.C.Single-mindedpeoplearelikelytomakewisedecisions.D.Thebuildupofglutamateupsetsbrainfunctioning.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whydoesthinkinghardwearyouout?B.Whydopeopletendtomakeato-dolist?C.Howdoesyouremotionaffectyourproductivity?D.Howdovariedleisureactivitiespromoteyoursleep?【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在阅历了大脑上要求很高的任务后，人们会感到更加力倦神疲，从而会更情愿选择轻松的活动。8题详解】微小环节理解题。依据文章其次段“Experimentsintheearly2000ssupportedthisconcept—reportingthatpeopleexperiencedareductioninbloodglucoseafteramentallydemandingtaskandthatconsumingasugarydrinkcouldmakegoodsense.(早在21世纪的探讨就支持了这一概念——报告称，人们在完成一项大脑高需求的活动后，血糖会下降，喝含糖的饮料有确定的作用。)”可知，人们在运用大脑的时候，血糖会下降，故人类大脑会消耗身体内的血糖，故选B。【9题详解】词义揣测题。依据文章划线词negligible后的内容“Oneanalysissuggeststhatoverworkedbrainsusemuchlessthanone-tenthofasmallTicTaccandy'sworthofglucose.(一项分析表明，过度工作的大脑消耗的葡萄糖远远不足一小块TicTac糖果的特殊之一。)”可推知，过度工作的大脑消耗的葡萄糖很低，远远不足一小块糖果的特殊之一，故此处的划线词negligible与B项“Insignificant(微乎其微的)”意思相近，故选B。【10题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第四段“Theyfoundthatpeoplewhohadtakenonthehardertaskhadhigherconcentrationsofglutamate(谷氨酸)intheLPFC(anareainvolvedinmentalprocessessuchasdecision-making)thanthosewhohadperformedtheeasierone.(他们发觉，那些担当更艰难任务的人的谷氨酸浓度比那些担当简洁任务的人更高。)”以及最终一段“Iwouldremindyouthattirednessisindeedasignalindicatingyouneedtostopworkingtopreservetheeffectivenessofbrainfunctioning.Thereisgoodevidencethatthebalanceofglutamateisrestoredafteranight'ssleep.(我想提示你的是，乏累的确是一种信号，提示你为了保证大脑运行的有效性，你须要停止工作。有证据表明，谷氨酸的平衡在一夜的睡眠后会得到复原。)”可知，探讨发觉，担当更艰难任务的人的谷氨酸浓度更高，但谷氨酸的浓度须要在休息后达到平衡才能保证大脑运行的有效性，故可推知，谷氨酸的聚集会扰乱大脑运行，故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。依据文章第一段“Aworkdayfilledwithastringofmentallydemandingtaskscanleaveyoufeelingburnedout.Afterlonghoursofmentallytrackingonethoughtafteranother,you'reprobablymorelikelytochoosearelaxingeveningofstreamingTVshowsthantotackleatoughtaskonyourto-dolistortomaketimeforacreativepursuit.(在一个满是大脑运行要求很高的任务的工作日后，你可能会感到精疲力竭。在长时间的大脑运行的一个又一个想法后，你可以更想要选择一个轻松的电视剧之夜，而不是去处理待办事项清单上的艰难任务或腾出时间来进行创建性的追求。)”以及后文的探讨介绍可知，本文主要介绍了文章主要介绍了在阅历了大脑上要求很高的任务后，人们会感到更加力倦神疲，从而会更情愿选择轻松的活动，并用后文的探讨说明白缘由，故A项“为什么细致思索会让你感到乏累？”符合文章标题，故选A。DScienceisaprocessthatbuildsuponexistingtheoriesandknowledgebycontinuouslyrevisingthem.Everyaspectofscientificknowledgecanbequestioned,includingthegeneralrulesofthinkingthatappeartobemostcertain.Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?Theanswerissimpler.Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tweakenthefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.Considerafolkhealer’smedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific”?Yes,ifitisproventobeeffective,evenifwehavenoideawhyitworks.Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.Whatdistinguishesscientificmedieineisthereadinesstoseriouslytestatreatmentandtobereadytochangeourmindsifsomethingisshownnottowork.Aresearchdoctorinamodernhospitalmustbereadytochangehistheoryifamoreeffectivewayofunderstandingillness,ortreatingit,becomesavailable.Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.AsJohnStuartMillwrotein“OnLiberty”in1859,“Thebeliefswhichwehavemostwarrant(依据)for,havenosafeguardtoreston,butastandinginvitationtothewholeworldtoprovethemunfounded.”12.Whydoestheauthorraisethetwoquestionsinparagraph1?A.Toaddsomefun. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Toexpressdoubts. D.Toprovidebackground.13.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?A.Itcanbetimeless. B.Itisoflittlevalue.C.Itcanbeimproved D.Itisthebestatanymoment.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsfolktreatment?A.Indifferent. B.Pessimistic. C.Objective. D.Sympathetic.15.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Itisunwisetobelieveinscience. B.Toomuchuncertaintyliesinscience.C.Thefoundationofscienceisunfounded. D.Thelackofcertaintymakessciencereliable.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇争论文。文章主要论述了科学是一个不断修正现有理论和学问的过程。【12题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第一段“Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?IftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldasNewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday’sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?(那么，假如科学总是在变更，那为什么科学是值得信任的呢？假如明天我们看到的世界不再像牛顿和爱因斯坦发觉的那样，那么我们为什么还要细致对待今日对世界的科学描述呢？)”及下文对于科学描述的论述可推知，文章第一段提出这两个问题是为了引出话题——科学是一个不断修正现有理论和学问的过程。故选B。【13题详解】微小环节理解题。依据文章其次段“Theanswerissimpler.Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan’tweakenthefactthatitisausefulinstrumentforunderstandingtheworld.(回答很简洁。因为在我们历史的任何时刻，我们拥有的对世界的描述都是最好的。它可以变得更好这一事实并不能减弱它是理解世界的有用的工具之一。)”可知，尽管我们在历史的任何时候，对于世界的描述都是最好的，但对世界的描述可以变得更好，故当今对于世界的描述是可以改进的，故选C。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第三段“Infact,quiteafewcommonmedicationsusedtodayhavetheirorigininfolktreatments,andwearestillnotsurehowtheywork.Thisdoesnotimplythatfolktreatmentsaregenerallyeffective.Tothecontrary,manyofthemarenot.(事实上，今日运用的很多常用药物起源于民间治疗，我们照旧不确定它们是如何起作用的。但这并不意味着民间疗法通常是有效的。相反，很多民间疗法并非如此。)”可推知，作者既说明白明间疗法现在照旧起作用，又提到了其不足，故作者对民间治疗起客观看法，故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。依据文章第四段“Whatmakesmodernscienceuniquelypowerfulisitsrefusaltobelievethatitalreadypossessesultimatetruth.Thereliabilityofscienceisbasednotoncertaintybutonacompleteabsenceofcertainty.(现在科学之所以具有独特的力气，是因为它拒绝信任自己已经驾驭了终极真理。科学的牢靠性不是建立在确定的基础上，而是建立在完全不确定的基础上。)”可知，第四段主要论述了科学的牢靠性源自缺乏确定性，即缺乏确定性使科学变得牢靠。故选D。其次节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In2024,GothamGreensopenedits9,300-square-metreBaltimorefarmontheformersiteofBethlehemSteel,whichwasthelargeststeel-manufacturingplantintheworld.___16___Itaimedtorepurposeunusedrooftopspacesandabandonedfactoriesforfoodproduction.Urbanpopulationsareprojectedtoincreaseby2.5billionby2050.___17___Butdespitetheriseincity-basedfarms,there’sstillalotwedon’tknowaboutthem,includingtheeconomicandenvironmentalcosts.FlorianPayen,anenvironmentalscientist,andhiscolleagueslookedatpreviousstudiesdonein53countrieswherecropsweregrownindifferenturbanenvironments,including“grey”spacessuchasrooftops,andbyusingdifferentgrowingmethods.Theyfoundthatyields(产量)ofurbancropswereoftenthesameasthosefromconventionalfarms.Justasimportantly,theyrevealedthemostcommonly-growntypesofcropsandthemosteffectivegrowingmethods.___18___It’sknownthatthebenefitofurbanfarmingisareductioninfoodmiles.___19___Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedthecarbonfootprintofdifferentvegetablesgrowningreenhousesinCanadaandthatoftheimportingvegetablesfromtheUSA.“Theyfoundthatitwaslesscarbon-intensivetoimportthecropsbecauseofthehighenergyinputrequiredtogrowthemlocallyingreenhouses,”saysPayen.___20___Urbanagriculturehasthepotentialtoenhancelocalecosystems,attractingpollinators(传粉媒介)suchasbeesandbirdsthatboosturbanbiodiversitywhileprovidingmoregreenspacestohelpkeepcitiescoolandcountertheurbanheatislandeffect.A.Butthereareotherbenefits.B.Urbanagriculturecanhelpfeedourgrowingcities.C.It’swellworthinvestinginrooftopgardensorgreenhouses.D.Thefarmwasoneofthefarmsthecompanyhadsetupincities.E.Urbanagricultureinanygivencitycantakelotsofdifferentforms.F.However,urban-growncropsaren’tamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption.G.Surprisingly,theyfoundlittledifferenceinoverallyieldsbetweenindoorandoutdoorspaces.【答案】16.D17.B18.G19.F20.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市农场的建立和其优缺点。【16题详解】依据空前“In2024,GothamGreensopenedits9,300-square-metreBaltimorefarmontheformersiteofBethlehemSteel,whichwasthelargeststeel-manufacturingplantintheworld.(2024年，GothamGreens在之前的伯利恒钢铁公司旧址上开设了一个9300平方米的巴尔的摩农场，伯利恒钢铁公司是干脆上最大的钢铁制造厂。)”和空后“Itaimedtorepurposeunusedrooftopspacesandabandonedfactoriesforfoodproduction.(它旨在将未运用的屋顶空间和废弃的工厂重新用于食品生产。)”可知，空前提到了新开设的巴尔的摩农场，后文介绍了它的目的，故D项“这个农场是这个公司在城市建立的农场之一。”符合语境，空后的It指代D项中的“Thefarm”，D项中的“Thefarm”又指代空前的“Baltimorefarm”，故选D项。【17题详解】依据空前“Urbanpopulationsareprojectedtoincreaseby2.5billionby2050.(预料到2050年，城市人口将增加到25亿。)”和空后“Butdespitetheriseincity-basedfarms,there’sstillalotwedon’tknowaboutthem,includingtheeconomicandenvironmentalcosts.(但是尽管城市农场的数量有所增加，但我们对它们仍有很多不了解的地方，包括经济和环境成本。)”可知，空前提到城市人口的增加，空后有提到了城市农场数量的增加，故B项“城市农业可以帮助养活我们不断发展的城市。”符合语境，城市人口会增加到25亿，那么城市农业可以对其有所帮助，但我们照旧对城市农业不够了解，故选B项。【18题详解】依据空前“Theyfoundthatyields(产量)ofurbancropswereoftenthesameasthosefromconventionalfarms.Justasimportantly,theyrevealedthemostcommonly-growntypesofcropsandthemosteffectivegrowingmethods.(他们发觉，城市农作物的产量通常与传统农场相同。同样重要的是，他们揭示了最常见的作物类型和最有效的种植方法。)”可知，空前提到环境学家们探讨的结果发觉，城市农作物的产量与传统农作物相同，故G项“令人惊异的是，他们发觉室内的和市外的总产量几乎没有差异。”符合题意，也是科学家们的发觉，承接上文。故选G项。【19题详解】依据空前“It’sknownthatthebenefitofurbanfarmingisareductioninfoodmiles.(众所周知，城市农业的好处是食物里程的削减。)”和空后“Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedthecarbonfootprintofdifferentvegetablesgrowningreenhousesinCanadaandthatoftheimportingvegetablesfromtheUSA.“Theyfoundthatitwaslesscarbon-intensivetoimportthecropsbecauseofthehighenergyinputrequiredtogrowthemlocallyingreenhouses,”saysPayen.(在一项探讨中，探讨者分析了种植在加拿大温室中的不同蔬菜以及美国进口蔬菜的碳踪迹。Payen说道：“他们发觉，进口这些农作物的碳密集度较低，因为在当地温室种植的这些作物须要高能量的投入。”)”可知，空前提到了城市农业的好处，空后又说明白其须要高能量的投入，故F项“然而，城市种植的农作物并不是一个更环保的选择。”符合语境，与空前转折，引出后文的须要更高能量的投入，故选F项。【20题详解】依据空后“Urbanagriculturehasthepotentialtoenhancelocalecosystems,attractingpollinators(传粉媒介)suchasbeesandbirdsthatboosturbanbiodiversitywhileprovidingmoregreenspacestohelpkeepcitiescoolandcountertheurbanheatislandeffect.(城市农业有潜力改善生态系统，吸引传粉昆虫，比如说蜜蜂和鸟类，它们促进了城市生物的多样性，同时供应了更多的绿地，帮助城市保持凉快，对抗城市热岛效应。)”可知，空后提到了城市农业带来的各个方面的好处，故A项“但是，也有着其他好处。”符合，放在句首，作为本段的主题句，且可以承接上段末尾提到的城市农场的弊端。故选A项。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Recently,amanwhothinkshimselfwisecomplainedtomeabouthisbadluck.Heinterviewedanarchitectforhisproject,butheintendedhertoofferaplanrightawayandhethoughtshe___21___himtoomuch.Afterwards,hewastotallystuckinthecostproblembecausehe___22___tofindanothernicearchitectatalowerprice.Wasthisapoorchoiceorjustbadluck?Ifweplayoutthesamesituation100times—whereaman___23___theselectionofanarchitect,andfocusesonpickingthecheapestandimmediately___24___projectplan—howmanytimesdoyouthinkitrunsina___25___way?Notonce.Onewaytovisualizetheman’s___26___isthroughthegameofbilliards(台球).Wefocusonmakingthefirstshotinsteadofconsideringhowwe___27___theballforthenextshot.Whenwegototakethenextshot,thedifficulty___28___.Lifeisfullofsuchexamples.We___29___the$500-an-hourlawyerwithyearsofrelevantexperienceandchoosethe$200-an-hourlawyer.Unavoidably,wefindourselvespayingforthe____30____soonerorlater.Wedothesamewhenitcomesto____31____.Often,wechoosethe“cheaper”alternatives____32____werealizeourmistakes.Asthesayinggoes,buyniceorbuytwice.Thecurr