六年级上册英语语法讲义介词学习及阅读拓展训练牛津上海版(一起)

PAGE1授课日期时间主题介词学习及阅读拓展训练学习目标1.掌握介词in/on/at的用法及综合练习；2.阅读理解拔高性练习及作文教学内容处理上次课课后巩固作业及预习思考内容。上次课后巩固练习预习思考教学建议：根据上节课预习思考的要求，让学生讨论的常见的介词意思以及用法。上节课我们已经初步了解到了介词的简单用法，比如下图中第一幅图——whereisthegreenball?——It’sinthebox.这些介词比较简单，但是还有些较难的表达需要我们去学习。比如在前面，infrontof和inthefrontof到底有什么关联呢？同样表示穿过，across，through，over又有哪些差异呢？让我们带着问题，一起去探究介词这个丰富多彩的世界吧！！【教法指导】教师可借助借助教室里的实物，如桌子，凳子，书本等进行简单的描述，之后引入较难的介词，比如在前面，infrontof和inthefrontof。可让大家来对比：——Iamstandinginthefrontofyou.——Thereisariverinfrontofmyhouse.这两句话有什么不一样吗？同样表示穿过，across，through，over又有哪些不同呢？让我们带着问题，一起去探究介词的神秘世界吧！知识名称【知识梳理1】基本概念介词通常是用来表示它后面的名词（代词）或起名词作用的短语，从句与句中其它成分之间的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词、动名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。【例题精讲】例1.JuliawillhaveapartyonSunday.星期日朱莉将举行一个聚会。例2.Thereisakiteinthesky.天上有一只风筝。【巩固练习】指出下面的介词1.Helenislikehermother.海伦长得像她妈妈。2.It’saboutnineo’clock.现在大约是九点。KEYS：1.like2.about【知识梳理2】介词分类地点(位置、范围)介词：outof在...之外infrontof在...前outside在外面ontopof在...顶部over在正上方inthemiddleof在...的中间above在...上方attheendof在...的末端方向(目标趋向)介词：across横越..against对抗along沿着by路过/通过down向…下past经过/超过outof向...外awayfrom远离outside向外inside在...里面时间介词：before在…以前by到…为止inthemiddleof在...当中past过了…(时),till/until直到…时atthebeginningof在...开始时eversince从那时起至今for有…(之久)其它介词:【目的介词】for为了...,from防止…,to为了…【原因介词】for因为...,with由于…,becauseof因为...【比较介词】as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比,unlike与…不像【伴随/状态介词】with与…一起/有/带着/长着...,without没有/无/不与…一起【例题精讲】例1.Outofthecity,there’saniceplacewithfreshair.城市之外，是个有着新鲜空气的地方例2.Thepoorlittlegirldiedattheageofeleven.可怜的小女孩11岁就死了。例3.Itisimportanttogetalongwellwithyourclassmates.和你的同班同学相处好非常重要。【巩固练习】用适当的介词填空。1.Mr.Hattermakesasmartnewhat______Jimmy.2.Theflowersshowbegins_______March.3.Happybirthday______you,Danny!Thankyou.4._______ofthemeeting,thehostsuddenlyleft.5.________hardwork,Janesucceededintheexam.6.weshouldnot_____thestreetifthetrafficlightisred.!7.Itiscoolindoorwithairconditioner,buthot______.KEYS:1.for2.in3.to4.Inthemiddleof5.Becauseof6.across7.outside【知识梳理3】记住一些固定词组：beafraidof(害怕…),befullof(充满/装满….),befilledwith(充满/装满….),begood/badat...,withthehelpof或withone’shelp(在…的帮助下),loo(照料…kafter),lookfor(寻找…),helpsb.with(帮某人做…),geton(well)with(与某人相处[融洽]),等等。theanswerto………的答案thekeyto………的答案/钥匙thewayto…去……的路thetrip/journeyto…去……的旅行bytheway顺便说；顺便问一下ontheway(to)…在去……的路上intheway在路中间（挡路）inthisway用这种方法buysb.sth.makesb.sth.raisesth.forsb.providesb.sth.givesth.tosb.showsb.sth.offersth.tosb.sendsb.sth..buysth.forsb.makesth.forsb.raisesth.forsb.providesth.forsb.givesth.tosb.showsth.tosb.offersth.tosb.sendsth.tosb.【例题精讲】例1.It’sthekey_____(for/to)solvetheproblem.例2.Myfatherboughtagift_____(for/to)me.KEYS:1.to2.固定搭配buysth.forsb.【巩固练习】翻译：1.玛丽送给了英语老师一本书2.学校免费提供午餐给学生3.我家门口有条小河4.打开这个门的钥匙被汤姆弄丢了5.顺便说一下，他出国了KEYS：1.MarysentabooktoherEnglishteacher.2.Theschooloffersstudentsfreelunch.3.Thereisariverinfrontofmyhome.4.ThekeytothedoorhasbeenlostbyTom.5.Bytheway,hewentabroad.【知识梳理4】介词辨析1.infrontof&inthefrontofinfrontof在...的前面inthefrontof在内部空间的前面2.between&amongbetween一般是指两人或两物之间；among则指三个或三个以上的人或物之间。3.since&forfor表示多长时间。since后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在，表示持续至说话时刻的动作或情况开始于什么时候，这两个介词通常都与完成时连用：4.across&through&overacross表示“横过”，即从一边到另一边,动作是在某物的表面进行的；through表示“穿过”，即从一边进去，从另一边出来，是从“空间”穿过，如火车穿过隧道over表示“越过”，多指在空间范围上越过。【例题精讲】例1.Theteacherisstanding_____(infrontof/inthefrontof)theclassroom.例2.Thebookshopisbetweenthepostofficeandthepark.BeiJingisamongthebiggestcitiesintheworld.例3.Hehasworkedtheresincethefactoryopened.IhavelearnedEnglishforthreeyears.例4.Becarefulwhenyougoacrossthestreet.【巩固练习】1.Whyareyoustandingthere,Maggie?Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting___________me.A.behindB.infrontofC.inthefrontofD.beside2.Onlyfourdaysremained_________theexam.A.atB.afterC.beforeD.since3.Becarefulwhenyougo_________thestreetbecausethetrafficisverybusyatthemoment.A.acrossB.behindC.betweenD.Over4Whatdoyouoftendo__________classestorelaxyourself?Listentomusic.A.overB.amongC.betweenD.throughMike,pleasesit_________TimandDick.OK,MissGuo.A.behindB.onC.betweenD.for6.MyMumhasworkedinthisschool__________over20years.A.sinceB.forC.inD.after7.Theyhavebeeninthiscity___________threeyearsago.A.forB.aboutC.atD.sinceKEYS：1-7CCAACBD【知识梳理1】主题阅读旅游话题在今年来的考题当中出现的次数越来越多了，因而学生有必要去了解异国文化，体验不同的旅游经历。学生平时应多积累这方面词汇。例1.完形填空MywifeandIalwaysenjoytravelingbyship,andlastyearwehadalong1.Ourholidaywasveryexpensive.Thefoodandtheroomwerereallygood.Wefoundmanypassengerswerekind,2amannamedJamesmadeallthepeopleunhappy.Whatever（无论什么）topicwetalkedabout,heseemed（似乎）to3it.Helikedtoshowhehadalotof4,sohealwaysinterrupted（打断）ourchat.Afterafewdays,wewantedtoeatourmeals5becausenobodywantedtohaveanunhappychatduringmeals.Thenmywifehadanidea.We6averyspecialtopicandtalkedalotaboutitatdinner.Mr.James7nothingaboutit,sohewasnolongertalkative（多嘴的）thatnight.1.A.time B.dream C.trip D.speech2.A.and B.so C.because D.but3.A.beafraidof B.makefriendswith C.begoodat D.learnfrom4.A.money B.knowledgeC.photos D.examples5.A.quietly B.quickly C.safely D.well6.A.thought B.found C.felt D.accepted7.A.enjoyed B.believed C.understood D.ateKEYS：CDCBABC例2.Travellingisi1toeveryone,notonlybecauseitcanrelaxourselves,butalsobecausewecanl2newknowledgeandcustomsfromit.IoncepaidatriptoTokyoforsightseeing.TokyoisthecapitalofJapan.It'soneofthemostp3touristdestinationsintheworld.IvisitedtheTokyoTower,it'sthesecondh4buildinginTokyo.IalsowenttotheshoppingmallinGinza,it'saworld-famousshoppingparadise.Besidesthese,Japanesefoodattractsmealot.It'sdelicious.Cherryblossomsgavemeadeepimpression,too.TheyhaveaspecialmeaninginJapaneseculture.Ie5afantasticshowerofcherryblossoms.Inshort,Ihadagoodt___6____inTokyo,IhopeI'llhavea___7___tripthereoneday.KEYS:importantlearnpopularhighestenjoyedtimeanother【巩固练习】完形填空andplacestovisit.Youcantalktofriendswhohavetravelledtotheplaces.Oryoucangoandseeacolorfilmaboutthem.Oryoucanreadtravelbooks.Itwouldseemthattherearethree____7____oftravelbooks.Thefirstarethosethatgivearethosethatgiveapersonalideasoftravelswhichtheauthor(作者)hasinfactmade____8________9____objectivedescriptionofthingstobedoneandseen.Ifa____10____.____11____theyaregood,theywillbemorehelpful.Buttheirbasicfunction(功能)istohelpthereaderwhowishestoplaninthemostpractical(实用的)way.Whateverkindoftravelbooksyouchooseyoumust____12____thatitjustdescribeseverythinginareallife,notmagical(神奇的).Youmustalsoseeclearlyitsdateofpublication(出版)becausetravelisaverypracticalthingandmanythingschange____13____inthemodernsociety.1.A.kind B.kinds C.type D.styles2.A.he B.his C.himself D.him3.A.togive B.gives C.give D.giving4.A.useful B.moreuseful C.usefully D.usefuler5.A.If B.When C.How D.What6.A. B. C.makesure D.7.A.quick B.slow C.quickly D.slowlyKEYS:BCABACCSuehasacat.Shelikesplayingw46itathome.Butshe'ssevennowandherfathertellshertogotoschool.Theteacherdoesnotlethert47thecatintotheclassroom.Shehastoleaveitathome,s48sheisn'thappy.Shedoesn'twanttogotoschoolandlistentoh49teacher.NowClassThreea50studyingmath.MrGreenseesthatSueislookingoutofthew51HeasksSue,"What'stwoandtwo,Sue?"Suestandsup,butshec52answer."Ifyourmothergivesyoutwopencils,"MrGreensays,"andIgiveyout53,howmanypencilsdoyouhave?""Five,MrGreen.""You'rew54,"MrGreensays."Youhavefour.”"Id55thinkso,"Suesays."Ialreadyhaveoneinmypencilcase!"生词速查already已经1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________ 5.__________6.__________7.__________8.__________9.__________10.__________KEYS：1.with2.take3.so4.her5.are6.window7.can’t8.two9.wrong10.don’t1.Ithinkdrinkingmilkisgood_ourhealth.A．forB.toC.withD.at2.Therearealot_____studentsontheplayground.A.ofB.inC.ByD.to3.—CanIjoinOxfamTrailwalker?—-Onlyifyouare_____eighteen.A.overB.onC.underD.below4.Lookatthewall.Therearesomepictures________it.A.inB.onC.toD.at5.—Whoelsedoyouknowattheparty______JimandTom?—LucyandLily.A.inB.nextC.amongD.besides6.Wewillcelebratethe90thbirthdayoftheChineseCommunistParty_____July1st,2011.A.on B.at C.in D.during7.AterribleearthquakehappenedinJapan_____March,2011.A.toB.onC.inD.at8—Yoursweaterlooksnice,isitmadeofwool?—Yes,andit’smade______Shanghai.A.by B.in C.for D.from9.Shehadtosellthehouseeventhoughitwas______herownwishes.A.above B.on C.against D.for10.Wecouldn'tfinishourworksoearly______yourhelp.A.

without

B.

with

C.

for

D.

by11.TheweddingofPrinceWilliamwasheldinWestminsterCathedral______April29,2011.A.atB.inC.onD.by12.Myparentsusuallytakeawalk______dinnertokeephealthy.A.at

B.of

C.during

D.after13.Wecangetfreshwaterfromrain,fromrivers,orfrom________theground.A.across B.under C.over D.off14.—WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike?—She’stallandthin________longhair.A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.with15.—Yourcoatlooksverynice.What'sitmade______?—Cotton,anditismade_______Wuhan.A.from;inB.of;inC.from;onD.of;on16.–Howdoyoustudyforatest?--_____workingwithfriends.A.ByB.WithC.OnD.to17.Theuniversitystudentborrowedsomemoney_____hisfriendstostarthisownbusiness.A.fromB.ontoC.atD.in18.—Whenandwherewereyouborn?—Iwasborn_______October1st,1998________Suzhou.A.on;onB.in;inC.on;inD.in;on19.—Look!Theresomanypeopleinthepark.—Nobodylikestostayathome______Sundaymorning.A.in B.on C.at D.to20.—MyoldfriendWhiteisgoingtovisitme.—Wehaven'tseeneachother_____fiveyears.sinceBafterC.ForD.toKEYS：1-5AAABD6-10ACBCA11-15CDBDB16-20AACBC我的总结：做题时需注意固定搭配，比如begoodto，infrontof等。常用介词后跟什么需十分清楚，比如on加具体时期，in不和具体某天连用，和年月日季节等连用，at后跟具体的时间点。解题要抓住关键，抓住不同介词的区别，尤其要注意相近介词的辨析。比如.infrontof在...的前面；inthefrontof在内部空间的前面。between和among，between一般是指两人或两物之间；among则指三个或三个以上的人或物之间。since和for：for表示多长时间，since后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在，表示持续至说话时刻的动作或情况开始于什么时候，这两个介词通常都与完成时连用。Across和through及over：across表示“横过”，即从一边到另一边,动作是在某物的表面进行的；through表示“穿过”，即从一边进去，从另一边出来，是从“空间”穿过，如火车穿过隧道over表示“越过”，多指在空间范围上越过。做选择题也可以根据排除法，排除最不可能的，再根据自己平时积累的去做。一.翻译下列词组。1.在7:00_____________2.在教室里____________3.顺便问一下____________4.坐火车_____________5.在墙上_____________6.在夏季____________7.lookafter____________8.theboyinblue____________9.beangrywith_____________10.listento____________11.在下星期____________12.在本周六_____________KEYS：1.at7o’clock2.Inclassroom3.Bytheway4.Bytrain5.Onthewall6.insummer7.照顾8.穿蓝色衣服的男孩9.对…生气10.听……11.nextweek12.thisSaturday二．用正确的介词填空。1.Igotoschool_______foot.Buthegoestoschool________bus.2.What’sthat_______English?It’sacomputer.3.Mybirthdayis_______theChildren’sDay.4.Therearesomanyflowers_______thetree.They’resonice.5.Icanseesomepictures_______thewall.KEYS：on,by,in,on,on,on三.选词填空。intoatforoninacrossbehindfromunderintoatforoninacrossbehindfromunder1.Heisillandshouldcome________seethedoctor.2.It’stime________getup.Ioftengetup________six.3.Who’s________dutytoday?4.Lilyis________theclassroom.Jennyis________theplayground.5.Samis________England.Nowheis________Shanghai.6.Ican’tsit________Lily.Sheissotall.Ican’tseetheblackboard.7.–Arethesefruits________me?--Yes,theyare.8.–What’sthis_________English?--It’sapencil-box.9.–Who’stheboy________blue?--Heismybrother.10.–Whatdoyoudo________Saturdays?--Ioftenswim_________theriver.Icanswim_________theriver.KEYS：1.to2.to,at3.on4.in,on/in5.from,in6.behind7.for,8.in9.in10.on,in,across阅读理解AAttheBeijingtime14:28May12,2008,astrongearthquakesuddenlyhappenedinSichuanProvince.Astheysawayoungwomaninbrokenhouses,therescueworkersweresadtofindthatshehadalreadybeendead,yetsurprisedtonoticeherkneelingdownwithherhandstouchingthegroundtosupportherweight—andrightunderhershelteroffleshandblood,herseveral-month-oldbabywassleeping,safeandsound.Thebabywasputaroundcarefullyinalittlequilt,withamobilephoneinside.Anunsettextmessagewasfoundthatread:"DearBaby,IfYouCouldBeAlive,PleaseRememberThatMumAlwaysLovesYou!"Asitwastooyoungtoknowwhatwasreallygoingon,thebaby'sdreammusthavebeenfreefromnightmare,thoughanightmarewastakingplace.However,itwasthemother'slovethatpreventedthenightmarefromfallingupontheyoungdreamer.Mother'sloveatherlastbreath!生词速查rescue救援，救出，营救 blood血nightmare梦魇，噩梦()36.Wheredidtheearthquakehappen?A.Beijing. B.Sichuan. C.America. D.Japan.()37.Itwas__________whenthebabywasfound?A.crying B.dying C.sitting D.sleeping()38.Themotherkneltdownwithherhandstouchingthegroundinorderto__________A.havearest B.saveherbabyC.protectherself D.preventthenightmare()39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthetextmessage?A. Itwasamessagetothebaby'sfather.B. Ithadalreadybeensentoutwhenfound.C. Themotherhopedthatherbabycouldlive.D. Themotherwouldn'tlikethemessagetobefound.()40.Thepassageismainlyabout__________.A.mother'slove B.SichuanearthquakeC.aluckybaby D.thelastbreathB完形填空TomwokeuponMondaymorning.Hefelt___1__.HealwaysfeltsickonMondaymornings.Hehadtogotoschoolfora___2__week!Healmostwishedtherewerenoweek-ends.__3____wasevenmoredifficultforhimtogobacktoschool!He___4____inbedandwonderedwhatexcuse(借口)hecouldmakethistime.Helookedathisbody,butcouldfind___5___wrong,Alittleheadache?____6___.Hehadusedthatexcusemanytimes.Thenherealizedthatoneofhisteethwasloose(松动).Good!Hewasjustgoingtostartgroaning(呻吟)___7___bethoughtthatAuntPollywouldpullthetoothout.Thatwould__8___!Helookedforsomethingelse.Suddenlyherememberedwhatthedoctorhadsaidaboutacertainproblemwithtoes.Hepulledhisrightfootoutandlookedatit.__9__ofthetoeswasreallyhurting,Tombegantogroan.“What’s__10___withyou?”AuntPollyasked.“Mytoehurts.”Theoldladyfellintoachair,__11____alittle.“Tom,youfrightenedme.Nowshutupatonceandgeloutof__12___.”Tomfeltlikeathiefbeingcaught.“Well,itseemedallright.Ithurtsomuch___13___Iforgotmytooth.”“Tooth,eh?What’swrongwithyourtooth?”“Oneofthemislooseandithurts14.”“Noproblem,”answeredAuntPolly.“Icanpullitout.”“Please,Auntie!Don’tpullitout.Ithas15hurtingnow.Please!”“Noway!Well,you’llhaveyourtoothoutandyou’llgotoschool?()1.A.happyB.tiredC.sickD.hungry()2.A.wholeB.all C.next D.this()3.A.That B.ThisC.TheweekendD.It()4.A.lieB.layC.liedD.lying()5.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing()6.A.NoB.YesC.NoneD.Great()7.A.thenB.whenC.whileD.as()8.A.painB.workC.hurtD.begood()9.A.OneB.TwoC.SomeD.Many()10.A.matterB.troubleC.problemD.wrong()11.A.sayingB.smilingC.shoutingD.talking()12.A.schoolB.chairC.bedD.kitchen()13.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.until()14.A.badB.badlyC.worseD.terrible()15.A.stoppedB.forgottenC.enjoyedD.begunKEYS：1-5CADBD6-10ABCAD11-15BCCBAC首字母Airisveryimportanttoeverythingthatlives.Buttheairwebreatheisg1dirty.Peopleallovertheworldarelookingforw2tomakeitcleanagain.