上海交通附属中学高二下学期开学考试英语试题

上海交通附属中学20182019学年度第二学期高二英语摸底考试试卷II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(A)Thereisatendencytothinkofeachoftheartsas___1___separateareaofactivity.Manyartists,however,wouldprove___2___therehasalwaysbeenawarmrelationshipbetweentheawarmrelationship

betweenthevariousareasofhumanactivity.Forexample,inthelatenineteenthcenturytheconnectionsbetweenmusicandpaintingwereespeciallyclose.Artists___3___(invite)todesignclothesandsettingsforoperasandballets,___4___sometimesitwasthemusicianswhowereinspiredbytheworkofcontemporarypainters.Ofthemusicalpositionsasresponsestothevisualarts,perhapsthemostfamousisMussorgsky’sPicturesatanExhibition.Mussorgskyposedthepiecein1874afterthedeath,attheageof39,oftheartistVictorHartman.___5___theirfriendshiphadnotbeenaparticularlylonglastingone,MussorgskywasshockedbyHartmann’sunexpecteddeath.Thefollowingyearthecritic,VladimirStasov,___6___decidedtotoldanexhibitionofHartmann’swork,suggestedthatMussorgsky___7___(try)torelievehisgriefbywritingsomethinginmemoryofHartmann.TheexhibitionservedasMussorgsky’sinspiration.ThetenpiecesthatmakeupPicturesatanExhibition___8___(intend)assymbolsratherthanrepresentationofthepaintingsintheexhibition.Betweeneachisapromenade(舞曲中的行进),astheposerwalksfromonepaintingto___9___Themusicissometimeswittyandplayful,sometimesalmostalarmingandfrightening.Thoughtarangeofsurprisingcontrasts,Mussorgskymanages____10____(convey)thespiritoftheartistandhiswork.【答案】1.a2.that3.wereinvited4.but5.Though6.who7.try8.areintended9.another10.toconvey【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。人们倾向于认为每种艺术都是独立的活动领域，然而，许多艺术家认为，在人类活动的各个领域之间总是存在着一种温暖的关系。文章举例介绍了艺术家和他们的作品之间的温暖故事。【1题详解】考查冠词。句意：人们倾向于认为每种艺术都是独立的活动领域。activity是可数名词，此处是单数，泛指一种活动，需用冠词a修饰，故填a。【2题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：然而，许多艺术家认为，在人类活动的各个领域之间总是存在着一种温暖的关系。这是个宾语从句，从句做prove的宾语，从句中不缺少任何成分，用that引导。故填that。【3题详解】考查时态和语态。主语artists与invite之间是被动关系，用bedone，根据时间状语inthelatenineteenthcentury可知，用一般过去式的被动语态。故填wereinvited。【4题详解】考查连词。句意：艺术家们被邀请为歌剧和芭蕾舞剧设计服装和布景，但有时是音乐家们受到了当代画家作品的启发。根据句意可知，前后之间是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。【5题详解】考查状语从句。句意：尽管他们的友谊并不是特别长久的，穆索尔斯基对哈特曼的意外死亡感到震惊。根据句意可知，前后两句之间是让步关系，用though引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Though。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：第二年，评论家弗拉迪米尔·斯塔索夫决定在哈特曼的作品展览上发表自己的看法。这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是VladimirStasov，指人，从句中缺少主语，用who引导。故填who。【7题详解】考查固定用法。suggest表建议时，其后跟宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即suggestthatsbshoulddosth。故填try。【8题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在一个展览中组成图片的十件作品是作为展览中绘画的象征而不是代表。beintendedas目的是作为，根据下文可知，用一般现在时，主语是Thetenpieces，be用are。故填areintended。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：两者之间是一条长廊，作曲家从一幅画走到另一幅画。根据句意可知，此处是指从一个到另一个，因此用another。故填another。【10题详解】考查固定结构。句意：通过一系列令人惊讶的对比，穆索尔斯基成功地传达了艺术家和他的作品的精神。managetodosth成功的了某事。故填toconvey。【点睛】定语从句是复合句考查的重点之一，对于定语从句，要做到四点：一是准确判断出该句是定语从句；二是找准先行词；三是分析出从句所缺少的成分；四是掌握关系词的基本用法。只有做到这三点才能准确的判断出该使用哪个关系词。本题中的第6小题考查的是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是VladimirStasov，指人，从句中缺少主语，从而判定用who引导。(B)Today,homeownershiphasreachedextremelyhighlevels.Moderngenerationstendtobelievethereissomethingwrongwiththem___11___theyrent.However,ishighhomeownershipreallyaspeopleimagine？___12___(stare)atdatafirst,werealizethatthemostsuccessful,stable,attractivecountryintheWesternworldisSwitzerland.Ithastinyunemployment;wealth;highhappinessandmentalhealthscores.Doesithavehighhomeownershiprates?Absolutelynot.InSwitzerland,aboutsevenintenofthepopulationarerenters.Yet,withEurope’s___13___(low)homeownershiprate,thenationthrives.Nowgototheotherendofthemiserydistribution.SpainhasapproximatelythehighesthomeownershiprateinEurope（atmorethan80%）.Butonequarterofitspopulationareunemployed.Alikelyreasonisthathighlevelsofhomeownershipmessupthelabourmarket.Inasensiblyfunctioningeconomyitiseasyforpeopletomovearoundtodropintothevibrantjobslots___14___(throw)upbytechnologicalchange.Withahighdegreeofowneroccupationeverythingslows.Folkgetstuck.Renterscangotonewjobs.Inthatwaytheydotheeconomyafavours.___15___Friedmansaid,therateofunemploymentdependsontheflexibilityofthehousingmarket.Nextweetoeconomicbreakdown.Mostanalystsacceptthatatheartitwasthehousingmarketobsessivepursuitofhomes,theengenderedmortgage（房贷）lendingandanunavoidablehousepricecrash___16___sanktheWesternworld.Germany,say,withitsmoreefficientrentalmarket,hadafarsmootherridethroughtrouble.Asforthemonetarysystem,inthepastfewdecades,inthehopeofgettinguntaxedcapitalgainswayabovetheirtruelabourearnings,manypeoplethrewtheirsparecashintobuyinglargerhousesorbuildingextrabedrooms.TVprogrammesabouthowtomakeeasymoney,beautifulrisinghouseprices,andmostimportantly,ourfaultytaxsystemencouragedthat.When___17___somepointmarketbrokedown,everyonesuffered.Ourcountriesought,instead,todesigntaxsystemsthatencouragepeopletoinvestinproductiverealactivitiesandininnovation.Rentingleavesmoneyfreeforbetterpurposes.Thatalsopointstotheroleofsensiblebudgetingoveraperson’slifetime.Whyshouldwethinkthatwhenwedieitisnecessary___18___(pay)offanentirehouse？Ourchildrendonotdeserveit.Letthempayforthemselves.We___19___rentandenjoyourliveswiththemoneysaved.Finally,moderationusuallypaysoff.Ourscientificunderstandingofhoweconomiesfunctionishorriblylimited.Thissuggeststhatthegoldenruleshouldbetoavoidextremes.A5050mixofhomeownershipandrenting,notthe7030splitthatisnowobservedinsomanyWesternnations,______20______(make)sense.【答案】11.if12.Staring13.lowest14.thrown15.As16.that17.at18.tohavepaidoff19.should20.makes【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了住房拥有率和租房对一个国家的经济稳定有很大的影响，并列举了不同国家的租房情况及人们的生活状况。【11题详解】考查状语从句。句意：现代几代人倾向于认为，如果他们租房，就会有问题。根据句意可知，此处需用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句式可知，设空处所在部分是做句子的状语，因此用所给动词的非谓语形式。逻辑主语we与stare之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Staring。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，随着欧洲最低的住房拥有率，这个国家蓬勃发展。结合上下文语境可知，此处是要表达欧洲拥有最低的住房拥有率。因此，使用最高级。故填lowest。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个合理运转的经济中，人们很容易四处流动，进入由技术变革带来的充满活力的工作岗位。分析句式可知，设空处所给动词不做谓语，因此用非谓语形式，逻辑主语people与throw之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填thrown。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如弗里德曼说，失业率取决于住房市场的灵活性。这是个定语从句，从句缺少宾语，根据句意可知，用as引导，as“正如”的意思，指代整个主句的内容。故填As。【16题详解】考查强调句。句意：大多数分析人士认为，西方世界的衰落，实质上是由于房地产市场对住房的过度追求、抵押贷款以及不可避免的房价暴跌造成的。分析句式并结合句意可知，本句是使用了强调句的基本句型：itwas+被强调部分+that从句。被强调部分为thehousingmarketobsessivepursuitofhomes,theengenderedmortgage（房贷）lendingandanunavoidablehousepricecrash。故填that。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：当市场在某一时刻崩溃时，所有人都会遭殃。atsomepoint某时，某种情况下。结合句意，故填at。【18题详解】考查固定结构。句意：为什么我们要认为我们死后必须还清整个房子的贷款呢?itis+形容词+todo是固定句型，it作形式主语，用不定式做真正的主语。根据句意可知，此处是指死时已经还完了，用不定式的完成时。故填tohavepaidoff。【19题详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们应该用省下来的钱来享受生活。根据句意和上文语境可知，此处用should比较合句意。故填should。【20题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：在许多西方国家，住房和租赁的比例是50%对50%，而不是现在的70%对30%，这是合理的。根据句意和分析句式可知，主语是A5050mixofhomeownershipandrenting，谓语用三单形式。故填makes。【点睛】强调句有固定的结构itwas+被强调部分+that从句，考生记忆起来不难，但是在语境中运用会有一定的难度，尤其是当被强调部分较长时。本题中的第6小题，考查的是强调句，被强调部分为thehousingmarketobsessivepursuitofhomes,theengenderedmortgage（房贷）lendingandanunavoidablehousepricecrash，比较长，容易困惑考生，需从整体句式上去考虑，尤其是看到itwas，就应去考虑是否是强调句。SectionBRapidlyadvancingtechnologyanditsimpactoneducationhasbeenasubjectofdebate.Howcanschoolsequipstudentswiththeskillstheyneedtosucceedinachallengingjobmarket?Sincetechnologyisdrivingthesechanges,thereisatheorythatgovernmentsshouldkeepfocusingonSTEMsubjects.Theseareoftenreferredtoas“hardskills,”whichare___21___inprimaryschoolandrightthroughtouniversitylevel.Inthemeantime,‘softskills’arebeing___22___.Thisisamistake.Muchevidencesuggeststhatsoftskillsarefarmore___23___tograduatesinthelongterm.ResearchfromHarvardUniversityontheglobaljobmarkethasshownthatSTEMrelatedcareersgrewstronglybetween1989and2000buthavesloweddownsince.Incontrast,jobsinthecreativeindustriesthesectorprobablymost___24___withtheneedforsoftskillsaregrowingrapidly.Softskillsare,infact,increasinglyindemandintheworkplace:Googlecitescreativity,leadership___25___andmunicationskillsastoprequirementsforbothpotentialandcurrentemployees.Sowhyaresoftskillssohighly___26___for?Withtherapidevolutionoftechnology,afocusonhardskillsleavesstudents___27___tochange,astheseoftenhaveashortshelflife.AccordingtoresearchbyWorldEconomicForum,morethanoneinfouradultsreportsamismatchbetweentheirskillsandthoseneededfortheirjobrole.Ifsoftskillsaretaughtwell,theseskillsshouldenablestudentstoadapttochangemoreeasilyandprogressfurtherintheir___28___career.Ofcourse,technicalskillsareimportant.Butwithoutthecurriculumplacingequalifnotgreater___29___onsoftskills,oureducationsystemsaremissingahugetrick.Hardskillsmayhelpastudentgetajobinaparticularindustry,butsoftskillswillhelpthemdisruptit,achievingawider____30____intheirchosenfield.【答案】21.I22.E23.K24.A25.C26.D27.B28.H29.G30.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。快速发展的技术及其对教育的影响一直是人们争论的话题。学校如何才能让学生具备在充满挑战的就业市场中获得成功所需的技能？本文就硬技能和软技能对学生进入工作的影响进行了阐述。【21题详解】考查动词。句意：这些技能通常被称为“硬技能”，在小学和大学阶段都被优先考虑。根据句意可知，此处用prioritize“优先考虑”一词合乎语境，hardskills应该是被优先考虑，用bedone，根据空前的are可知，用prioritized（选择）。故选I。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：与此同时，“软技能”正在被忽视。根据上文学生们一直在学习“硬技能”可知，此处是指“软技能”被忽略，用ignore。根据句意和空前的arebeing可知，用现在进行时的被动语态bebeingdone，用ignored（忽视）。故选E。【23题详解】考查形容词。根据上文语境及上一句Thisisamistake.和下文Incontrast,jobsinthecreativeindustriesthesectorprobablymost___4___withtheneedforsoftskillsaregrowingrapidly.可知，此处是指软技能对毕业生来说是更有用的。用beneficial（有用的）故选K。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意：与此形成对比的是，创意产业的就业岗位正迅速增长，而创意产业可能是与软技能需求联系最为紧密的领域。associatedwith与……相联系，结合句意和语境可知，用associated。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，软技能在工作场所的需求越来越大：谷歌将创造力、领导潜力和沟通技能列为对潜在员工和现有员工的最高要求。根据前面的creativity和后面的municationskills可知，此处指的是领导潜力，用potential（潜力）。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：那么，为什么软技能如此受欢迎呢？结合上下文语境可知，软技能非常被需要，seekfor（寻找，追求）此处是被动语态，用过去分词sought。故选D。【27题详解】考查形容词。句意：随着技术的快速发展，对硬技能的关注使得学生容易受到变化的影响，因为这些技能的保质期通常很短。根据下文的astheseoftenhaveashortshelflife可知，硬技能易受影响，vulnerable（易受……的影响），形容词做补语。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些技能应该使学生更容易适应变化，并在他们所选的职业生涯中取得更大的进步。根据句意结合选项可知，此处是指所选的职业，用chosen（挑选出来的）。故选H。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：但是，如果课程设置不把软技能放在同等重要(如果不是更重要的话)的位置，我们的教育体系就会错过一个巨大的陷阱。ifnotgreater为插入语，容易形成干扰，结合句意可知，此处是指放在同等重要的位置，用importance（重要）。故选G。【30题详解】考查名词。句意：硬技能可以帮助学生在一个特定行业找到工作，但软技能将帮助他们颠覆这个行业，在他们选择的领域获得更广泛的影响。根据上一句softskillswillhelpthemdisruptit可知，此处是指获得影响，用impact（影响）。故选F。III.ReadingprehensionSectionASaddleworthMoorinthenorthofEnglandisabareplace.Itseemedalmostwiredtome,then,thatanyoneshould___31___thebuildingofsevenwindturbines(风力发电机)toproduceclean,renewableenergy.Surelythiswastheperfectplacetosituatethembasicallydull,unattractivetotouristsand___32___windy.YetSaddleworthisbeinganotherbattlegroundinanincreasinglyconfusing___33___overwindfarmingandthefutureoftheplanet.TypicalofthisconfusionishearingProfessorDavidBellamy___34___thefightagainstwindfarms.IhadalwaysthoughtofProfessorBellamyasanenvironmentalisthadmadethe___35___assumptionthathewouldbeanaturalsupporterofwindpower.However,onreflection,Bellamywouldbebetterdescribedasaconservationist,whosemainaimistopreservenaturalhabitatsofplantsandanimalsfromdestruction,ratherthana(n)___36___onclimatechange.Hehasfoughtagainstotherrenewableenergiesthat___37___wildlifeandwildness,andhasdescribedthewindturbinesasweaponsofmassdestructionkillingbirdsandbats.Bellamy,alongwithotheropponents,hasarguedthewindfarmsareinfact___38___,andareonlymerciallysuccessfullybecausetheyaresoheavilyfunded.Thisargumenthasbeenputforwardbyseveralnewspapermentatorsrecently,whohavethengoneto___39___nuclearpower.Thisdoesn’ttakeintoaccountyearsof___40___fromGreenswhoclaimthatnuclearpowerisbothexpensiveanddangerous.Andyetnuclearenergyhasrecentlybeen___41___byaleadinggreenscientist,ProfessorJamesLovelock,whowasoneofthefirsttodrawattentiontotheproblemofclimatechange.Hearguesthatrenewableenergysuchaswindsimplycannotprovidesufficientelectricityforourenergyneeds.Andsoitgoeson.Therearesomany___42___claims,eachapparentlyfrontedbysomeoutstandingscientistsandbackedupbyalotofstatics.Sowho’sactuallyright?What’stherightsolution?What___43___meisthatwewilltakesolongindecidingthatitwillbetoolate.Thedamagewillhavebeendone.YetwhatIalso___44___ishowconvenienttheseconflictingargumentsare.Wecanavoidmakinganychangestoourpersonallifestylesbyjustdoingnothing.Globalwarmingisn’tdowntomegoingtoBarcelonabyairfortheweekendorhavingadishwasherordrivingeverywhere;no,it’sbecausethosepeopleinSaddleworthwon’tletusbuildour___45___!31.A.takeover B.callfor C.lookinto D.objectto32.A.viceversa B.orrather C.aboveall D.todate33.A.debate B.concern C.advantage D.control34.A.leading B.reporting C.watching D.abandoning35.A.cautious B.basic C.mon D.false36.A.expert B.campaigner C.mentator D.columnist37.A.exploited B.threatened C.restored D.attracted38.A.unaided B.unfriendly C.uneconomic D.unbalanced39.A.produce B.praise C.eliminate D.research40.A.intentions B.passions C.opinions D.protest41.A.advocated B.rejected C.proposed D.overlooked42.A.expected B.successful C.conflicting D.personal43.A.relieves B.amazes C.disappoints D.worries44.A.predict B.recognize C.question D.ski45.A.windfarms B.powerplants C.animalhabitats D.nuclearengines【答案】31.D32.C33.A34.A35.D36.B37.B38.C39.B40.D41.A42.C43.D44.B45.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了要在SaddleworthMoor这个多风的地方建造风电场，从而引发了争议，不同人对此持有不同的观点。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，我觉得任何人都应该反对建造七座风力涡轮机来生产清洁的可再生能源，这几乎是不可思议的。A.takeover接管；B.callfor要求；C.lookinto调查；D.objectto反对。根据下文Surelythiswastheperfectplacetosituatethembasicallydull,unattractivetotourists可知，人们是反对的。故选D。【32题详解】考查副词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，这是放置它们的最佳地点——基本上单调乏味，对游客没有吸引力，最重要的是——有风。A.viceversa反之亦然；B.orrather倒不如说；C.aboveall最重要的是，首先；D.todate迄今为止。根据句意和语境可知，虽然这个地方对游客没有吸引力，但风对放置风力涡轮机来说是最重要的。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在关于风力发电和地球未来的日益混乱的争论中，萨德尔沃斯正成为另一个战场。A.debate辩论，争论；B.concern忧虑，担心；C.advantage优势；D.control控制。根据上文YetSaddleworthisbeinganotherbattleground可知，此处用debate最合语境。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种困惑的典型代表是听力教授大卫·贝拉米，他领导了反对风力发电场的斗争。A.leading领导；B.reporting报告；C.watching观看；D.abandoning放弃。根据下文Hehasfoughtagainstotherrenewableenergiesthat___7___wildlifeandwildness,andhasdescribedthewindturbinesasweaponsofmassdestructionkillingbirdsandbats.可知，是贝拉米教授领导了这个斗争。故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直认为贝拉米教授是一位环保主义者，错误地认为他是风力发电的天然支持者。A.cautious谨慎的；B.basic基本的；C.mon普遍的；D.false错误的。根据下文However,onreflection,Bellamywouldbebetterdescribedasaconservationist,可知，此处指做出错误的假设。故选D。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，仔细想想，贝拉米更应该被描述成一个自然资源保护者，他的主要目标是保护动植物的自然栖息地不受破坏，而不是一个气候变化的活动家。A.expert专家；B.campaigner出征者，活动推动者；C.mentator评论员；D.columnist专栏作家。根据句意及空前的ratherthan可知，他不是气候变化活动家。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他曾与其他威胁野生动物和野生环境的可再生能源作斗争，并把风力涡轮机描述成大规模杀伤性武器，杀死鸟类和蝙蝠。A.exploited开发，利用；B.threatened威胁；C.restored恢复；D.attracted吸引。根据上文语境可知，贝拉米是环境保护主义者，由此可知，此处是指威胁野生动物和环境。故选B。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贝拉米和其他反对者认为，风力发电场实际上是不经济的，只有在商业上成功，因为他们需要大量的资金。A.unaided无助的；B.unfriendly不友好的；C.uneconomic不经济的；D.unbalanced不平衡的。根据句意要花费大量的资金可知，这是不经济的。故选C。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近有几位报纸评论员提出了这一观点，他们随后开始赞扬核能。A.produce生产；B.praise赞扬；C.eliminate消除；D.research研究。根据下文Thisdoesn’ttakeintoaccountyearsof___10___fromGreenswhoclaimthatnuclearpowerisbothexpensiveanddangerous.可知，评论员是赞扬核能的。故选B。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这还没有考虑到多年来环保主义者的抗议，他们声称核能既昂贵又危险。A.intentions意图；B.passions感情；C.opinions观点；D.protest抗议。结合上文语境及本句的claimthatnuclearpowerisbothexpensiveanddangerous.可知，是保护主义者的抗议。故选D。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，核能最近被一位领先的绿色科学家所提倡。A.advocated提倡，拥护；B.rejected拒绝；C.proposed提议；D.overlooked忽略。根据下文Hearguesthatrenewableenergysuchaswindsimplycannotprovidesufficientelectricityforourenergyneeds.可知，核能是被这位科学家提倡的。故选A。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有许多相互矛盾的说法，每一种说法都由一些杰出的科学家提出，并由大量的静态数据加以支持。A.expected预期的；B.successful成功的；C.conflicting冲突的；D.personal个人的。根据下文的Sowho’sactuallyright?What’stherightsolution?并结合上文语境可知，这些说法是有冲突的。故选C。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我担忧的是，我们要花这么长时间来决定，那就太晚了。A.relieves解除；B.amazes使吃惊；C.disappoints失望；D.worries担忧。根据本句中的itwillbetoolate.可知，我是担忧的。故选D。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我也认识到，这些相互矛盾的论点是多么的方便。A.predict预知；B.recognize认出，识别；C.question怀疑；D.ski滑雪。根据句意和下文语境可知，此处是指我也认识到了。故选B。【45题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：全球变暖不是我周末坐飞机去巴塞罗那，也不是用洗碗机洗碗或开车去任何地方;不，那是因为萨德尔沃斯的那些人不让我们建造我们的风电场!A.windfarms风电场；B.powerplants发电厂；C.animalhabitats栖息地；D.nuclearengines核引擎。回归文章开头提到SaddleworthMoor是个适合建风电场的地方。故选A。SectionBAEveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcernthatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggrey.Myspiritsebb,astheydidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine.“Justwait,”aneighbouradvised.“You’llwakeuponemorningandspringwilljustbehere.”Andlook,on3MaythatyearIawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofflippingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreens.Leaveshadunfoldedanddaffodilswerefightingtheirwayheavenward.Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighbourhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree’sdarktwistedbranchesstretchoutinunpruned(未经修剪的)abandon.Eachspringitblossomssofreelythattheairbeesfilledwiththescentofapple.Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inabitofspringmadness,Isetouttoremoveafewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighboursopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches(门廊;走廊).ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknewandseldomspoketo,butitwasasifIhadeuninvitedintotheirpersonalgardens.Mymobilehomeneighbourwasthefirsttospeak.“You’renotcuttingitdown,areyou?”sheaskedanxiously.AnotherneighbourfrownedasIcutoffabranch.“Don’tkillit,now,”hewarned.Soonhalftheneighbourhoodhadjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyearsandonlynowwaslearningthesepeople’snames,whattheydidforalivingandhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.Icouldn’thelprecallingRobertFrost’swords:ThetreesthathaveitintheirpentupbudsTodarkennatureandbesummerwoodsOnethawledtoanother.JusttheotherdayIsawoneofmyneighboursatthelocalstore.Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighbourhood.Andthen,helookedatmeandsaid,“Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain.”46.Bysayingthat“myspiritsebb”inparagraph1,theauthormeansthat_______.A.hefeelsrelieved B.heistiredC.heissurprised D.hefeelsblue47.Theappletreementionedinthepassageismostlikelyto_______.A.beappealingonlytotheauthorB.havebeenabandonedbyitsoriginalownerC.beregardedasadelightintheneighbourhoodD.havebeenneglectedbyeveryoneinthemunity48.Accordingtoparagraph4,whydidtheneighboursopentheirwindowsandstepontotheirporches?A.Theywantedtogettoknowtheauthor.B.Theywereconcernedaboutthesafetyofthetree.C.Theywantedtopreventtheauthorfrompruningthetree.D.Theyweresurprisedthatsomeoneunknownwaspruningthetree.49.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor’sneighbourmentionedinthelastparagraphmostcaredabout_______.A.whenspringwouldarrive B.howtopassthelongwinterC.thepruningoftheappletree D.theneighbourhoodgathering【答案】46.D47.C48.B49.D【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者生活在这个地方很久了，和邻居没有什么接触，一次他想修剪一颗老苹果树，邻居看到后都以为作者要砍掉这棵树，于是很担心，都过来询问作者，这让邻居们都聚集到了苹果树下，带来了邻居之间的快乐。【46题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggrey.(这里的景色看起来很暗淡，山丘、天空和森林都显得灰暗。)”可知，这里的风景看起来很暗淡，让作者感到沮丧，由此可推知，myspiritsebb意为“感到沮丧”，故选D。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Soonhalftheneighbourhoodhadjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyearsandonlynowwaslearningthesepeople’snames,whattheydidforalivingandhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.(不久，邻居们有一半人来到苹果树下与我会合。我在那里住了五年，直到现在才知道这些人的名字，他们以什么为生，以及他们是如何度过冬天的。就好像那棵老苹果树把我们聚集在它的树枝下，既是为了相识，也是为了分享奇迹。)”可推知，苹果树被认为是邻里之间的快乐之事，故选C。【48题详解】细节理解题、根据第四段中“Isetouttoremoveafewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighboursopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches(门廊;走廊).(我开始移除一些乱七八糟的树枝。我刚到树下，邻居们就打开窗户，走进门廊。)”和第五段中““You’renotcuttingitdown,areyou?”sheaskedanxiously.AnotherneighbourfrownedasIcutoffabranch.“Don’tkillit,now,”hewarned.(“你不会把它砍了吧？”她焦急地问道。当我砍下一根树枝时，另一个邻居皱起了眉头。“现在不要砍它，”他警告说。)”可知，邻居们打开窗户走进门廊是因为他们担心苹果树的安全，故选B。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighbourhood.Andthen,helookedatmeandsaid,“Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain.”(他说，最近这个冬天特别漫长，他抱怨说，没有见过我们附近的任何人，也没有和他们长谈过。然后，他看着我说，“我们需要再修剪一下那棵苹果树。”)”可推知，邻居们最关心的是邻里之间的相聚，故选D。BUniversityShotokanKarateClubLearnKarate—selfdefenseandfitnessTheuniversitykarateclubwasfoundedin1962.Allgradesfrombeginnerstoadvancedarewele.Theclassesaresuitableforbothmenandwomenandseveralwomenhaveobtainedtheirblackbelt.TUESDAYANDTHURSDAY6.00—8.00p.m.WEAVERHOUSEGYMFIRSTLESSONFREEHardlyanyofushaveexperiencedrealviolence,but,overthelastfewyears,attacksoninnocentpeoplehaveincreased.Eachofushassomeabilitytodefendourselves,andbylearningaformofselfdefence,wearenotonlyincreasingthatability,butalsodoingsomethingtobuildourownsenseofrespect.Karatewillshowyoualotofsimpleandeffectivetechniquestoprotectyourself,givingyouincreaseselfconfidence.Fartoomanypeoplethinkmartialarts(武术)areaboutviolence.Martialartstrainingisbasedonalotofrespect,selfdiscipline,selfcontrolandnonviolence.Welearnbasicetiquette,courtesyandtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.Karateisthepracticeofblockingandstrikingtechniquesforthepurposeofselfdefence,healthandselfdevelopment.Karateexercisestheentirebody.Techniquesarepractisedonbothsidesofthebody,thereforemuscleimbalancesdonotoccurandthestrength,coordination,flexibilityandagilityofbothsidesofthebodyareimproved.RegulartraininginKarateimprovesthebody’sphysicalenduranceandflexibility.Italsohelpsconcentrationandproducesthementalcalmandassurancethatefromknowingwecandefendourselves.Karatehasmanybenefitsbuttheydonoteeasilyorovernight.Trainingrequiresongoingmitmentandhardwork.Someofyouwillgiveup,butafewofyouwillgetyourblackbelt.50.Thepassageismainlyintendedto_________.A.tellreadersthebenefitsofKarateB.attractreaderstojointheclubC.encouragepeopletogettheirblackbeltD.correctpeople’smisunderstandofKarate51.WhatcanbelearnedaboutUniversityShotokanKarateClub?A.Morementhanwomenhavebeenitsmembers.B.Ittestsmemberstoseewhatleveltheyareat.C.Membersdon’tneedtopayforthelessons.D.Itoffers4hoursoflessonseveryweek.52.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutKarateistrue?A.Itcultivatespeople’srespectforthemselvesaswellasforothers.B.Itinvolvespeople’sarmmusclesmorethanbodymusclesC.Itmakespeoplehealthyphysicallyinsteadofmentally.D.Itfocusesasmuchonselfdefenceasonattack.【答案】50.B51.D52.A【解析】【分析】这是一则广告。学校的跆拳道俱乐部准备招收学员，给读者们介绍了跆拳道的知识，它不仅可以强身健体，还能培养人的自尊，自律和为他人着想的思维。【50题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的Allgradesfrombeginnerstoadvancedarewele.Theclassesaresuitableforbothmenandwomenandseveralwomenhaveobtainedtheirblackbelt.（从初学到高段的所有层次都可以。课程男女都适合，已经又几个女学员获得了黑带）和FIRSTLESSONFREE（第一节免费）可知，这篇文章的主要目的是吸引读者参加跆拳道俱乐部学习。B.attractreaderstojointheclub（吸引读者加入俱乐部）符合题意。故选B项。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中的TUESDAYANDTHURSDAY6.00—8.00p.m.（周二和周四，下午6点到8点）可知，俱乐部周二和周四上课，每节课持续2两小时，所以每周总共上4小时。故选D项。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的Welearnbasicetiquette,courtesyandtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.（我们学习基本的礼节，礼仪和容忍，在任何时候都要有礼貌和为他人着想）可知，跆拳道能够培养人的自尊，礼仪，和为他人着想的思维。A.Itcultivatespeople’srespectforthemselvesaswellasforothers.（它培养人们对自己和他人的尊重）符合以上说法。故选A项。CSpeakinginClicksClicksounds,suchasthosefoundinsomelanguagesinAfrica,makeperfectlygoodconsonants.Sowhydotheyappearsorarelyinmosthumanspeech?Oneculpritmaybeanatomy(骨骼).Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatinsomespeakersofclicklanguages,thealveolarridge(齿龈)theroundedbumpbetweentheupperteethandtheroofofthemouthissmallorevenabsent.Inrecentresearch,ScottMoisikofNanyangTechnologicalUniversityinSingaporeandDanDediuoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguisticsinNijmegen,theNetherlands,builtbiomechanicalmodelsthatsimulatedclicksinvocaltracts(声道)withalveolarridgesofvaryingsizes.Theirresults,publishedinJanuaryintheJournalofLanguageEvolution,showedacleardisadvantagefortractswithlargeedges.Theseallowedlessairtobetrappedinthemouth,requiringmoremuscularforcetoproduceaclick.Theauthorsinterpretthisfindingassupportforananatomicalbiasagainstclicks.Theybelievethebiasisprobablyweakattheindividuallevel;peoplewithlargealveolarridgescanstilllearnclickconsonantsorthattheirpronunciationsmaybewrong.Amplifiedovergenerations,thisbiasmightexplainwhysuchconsonantsaresorarelyfoundinlanguageworldwide.Theseresultsarenotthefirsttochallengethetraditionalpremiseamonglinguiststhatlanguageevolutionislargelyimmunetoexternalfactors.Severalotherresearchershaverecentlyarguedthatgeographicalcontext,environmentalc