新九年级英语暑假讲义(人教版)第08讲被动语态-(学生版+解析)

第08讲被动语态【学习目标】要求学生掌握各种时态的被动语态。掌握一些词主动表被动。3、掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法。【基础知识】一．被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten3.一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+动词的过去分词Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.5.现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+动词的过去分词Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.6.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.二．主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语三．特殊情况的被动语态：1、带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1)、give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.HegavemeabookIwasgivenabookbyhim.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.2)、buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbMymothermademeacake.IwasmadeacakebymymotherAcakewasmadeformebymymother.2、带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkersweremadetoworkalldaybytheboss.3、在see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时，doing不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTomwasheardsingingbymejustnow.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshouldbetakencareof.5、当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6、以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?Bywhomwasthestorywritten?四．注意事项：1、有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,2、不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)3、系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….Thedishtastesgood.4、有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellThiskindofskirtsellswell.5、need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneedtorepaired.6、在too…to…及enoughto…结构中有时表示被动意义。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.【考点剖析】考点1、一般现在时的被动语态Manyaccidents________bycarelessdriverseveryyear.A．werecaused B．arecaused C．havecaused D．caused考点2、一般过去时的被动语态Anewfactory________todealwithwaterpollutionlastmonth.A．built B．builds C．wasbuilt D．isbuilt考点3、一般将来时的被动语态Manymorelibraries________inourcityinthenextfiveyears.A．built B．arebuilt C．werebuilt D．willbebuilt考点4、情态动词的被动语态Ithinkstudentsshould________todohomeworkwithothers’help.A．allowed B．beallowed C．allow D．beallowing【真题演练】1．Somenewairports________inthewestofourcountry.Itwillsaveourtimetogothere.A．build B．willbuild C．willbebuilt2．—Whatabeautifuldress!Perfectforyou!—Thankyou.It________bymymotherlastmonth.A．ismade B．wasmade C．made3．—Mom,Ifeelalittlebithungrynow.—Thesecakes_______withchocolate.Havesome,please.A．arefilled B．filled C．fill D．arefilling4．TheplayTeahouse________bythefamousChinesewriterLaoShe.A．wrote B．waswriting C．waswritten5．Today,manywinterOlympicsports________evenbychildren.A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．wereenjoyed D．areenjoyed6．Oursportsmeeting_______untiltheendofJuly.A．putsoff B．willputoff C．willbeputoff7．InthebigearthquakeofGansu,people______tothesafeplacesbythearmy.A．take B．took C．weretaken8．“I’mstillworkingbecauseI’mstillcapableandhopetoguidemoreyoungpeople,”saidWuMengchaowhenhe_______.A．isinterviewed B．isinterviewing C．wasinterviewed D．wasinterviewing9．Thetelephone________in1876.A．invents B．inventedC．isinvented D．wasinvented10．—HowlongmayI________yourmagazine?—Foroneweek.Butitmustn’t________toothers.A．borrow;lend B．keep;belent C．lend;beborrowed D．have;lend【过关检测】一、单项选择1．Chinese________inschoolsacrosstheworldnow.A．teaches B．istaught C．taught D．wastaught2．IwillgotothepartyifI________.A．willinvite B．wasinvited C．aminvited D．willbeinvited3．Mobilecabinhospital________inPinggulastmonth.A．built B．wasbuilt C．willbebuilt D．isbuilding4．—Canyoutellmewhomtheplay________inthe1990s?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A．waswrittenby B．waswritten C．iswritten D．iswrittenby5．The2022AsianGames________inHangzhoufromOctober9toOctober15.A．willhold B．washeld C．willbeheld6．Anewpark_______herenextyear.Thenpeoplenearbycancomeforawalk.A．willbuild B．willbebuilt C．hasbuilt D．wasbuilt7．HowmanyChineseastronauts________intospacesince2003?A．weresent B．sent C．havebeensent D．havesent8．—Lily,willyougotoJenny’sbirthdaypartythisSaturday?—I’mnotsure.BecauseI________sofar.A．haven’tinvited B．wasn’tinvited C．haven’tbeeninvited D．willbeinvited9．Ourtemperatureshould________beforeenteringthepublicplaces.A．take B．betaken C．betaking10．Theseoldpeople________goodcareof.A．musttake B．mustbetook C．mustbetaken D．mustbelooked二、用所给单词的正确形式填空11．Somethingmust________(do)toimprovetheirlives.12．Thephotoscan________(see)ontheInternetbylotsofpeople.13．—________thesetrees________(cut)downthisweekend?—Yes,theyare.14．Mybosswon’tallowmetohavetwodaysoffunlessmywork________(complete)tomorrow.15．—When________thecar________(buy)?—In2016.三、句型转换16．Someonesawthemswiminthatlakeyesterday.(改为同义句)They________________________________inthatlakeyesterday.17．Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(改为同义句)Thechildrenwill________________________________________________her.18．Wewillsellalltheseusedbooks.（改为被动语态）Alltheseusedbooks________________________byus.19．Weshouldteachourstudentssomenecessarylivingskills.(改为被动语态)Ourstudentsshould________________somenecessarylivingskills.20．Nobodycananswerthequestion.(改为被动语态)Thequestion_________________answeredbyanybody.第08讲被动语态【学习目标】要求学生掌握各种时态的被动语态。掌握一些词主动表被动。3、掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法。【基础知识】一．被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten3.一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+动词的过去分词Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.4.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.5.现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+动词的过去分词Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.6.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.二．主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语三．特殊情况的被动语态：1、带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1)、give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.HegavemeabookIwasgivenabookbyhim.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.2)、buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbMymothermademeacake.IwasmadeacakebymymotherAcakewasmadeformebymymother.2、带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkersweremadetoworkalldaybytheboss.3、在see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时，doing不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTomwasheardsingingbymejustnow.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshouldbetakencareof.5、当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6、以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?Bywhomwasthestorywritten?四．注意事项：1、有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,2、不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)3、系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….Thedishtastesgood.4、有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellThiskindofskirtsellswell.5、need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneedtorepaired.6、在too…to…及enoughto…结构中有时表示被动意义。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.【考点剖析】考点1、一般现在时的被动语态Manyaccidents________bycarelessdriverseveryyear.A．werecaused B．arecaused C．havecaused D．caused答案:B【详解】句意：每年都有许多事故是由粗心的司机造成的。考查时态和语态。根据“...bycarelessdrivers”可知，主语“accidents”与cause“造成”是被动关系，结合“everyyear”可知，用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+done，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选B考点2、一般过去时的被动语态Anewfactory________todealwithwaterpollutionlastmonth.A．built B．builds C．wasbuilt D．isbuilt答案:C【详解】句意：上个月建成了一个新工厂来处理水污染。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“Anewfactory”是动作build的承受者，结合时间状语“lastmonth”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。考点3、一般将来时的被动语态Manymorelibraries________inourcityinthenextfiveyears.A．built B．arebuilt C．werebuilt D．willbebuilt答案:D【详解】句意：在未来五年内，我们城市将建更多的图书馆。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“inthenextfiveyears”可知，本题是一般将来时；主语“Manymorelibraries”和谓语“build”之间是被动关系，因此本题用一般将来时的被动语态，结构是“willbedone”。故选D。考点4、情态动词的被动语态Ithinkstudentsshould________todohomeworkwithothers’help.A．allowed B．beallowed C．allow D．beallowing答案:B【详解】句意：我认为学生们应当被允许在他人的帮助下做家庭作业。考查被动语态。根据“Ithinkstudentsshould…todohomeworkwithothers’help.”可知，学生们应当被允许在他人的帮助下做家庭作业，因此用beallowedtodosth.，意为“被允许做某事”，是allowsbtodosth.的被动形式。故选B。【真题演练】1．Somenewairports________inthewestofourcountry.Itwillsaveourtimetogothere.A．build B．willbuild C．willbebuilt答案:C【详解】句意：我国西部将修建一些新机场。去那里会节省我们的时间。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“Itwillsave”可知此处讲述的是将来的动作，主语airports与动词build之间是被动关系，表示“将被建”用willbebuilt。故选C。2．—Whatabeautifuldress!Perfectforyou!—Thankyou.It________bymymotherlastmonth.A．ismade B．wasmade C．made答案:B【详解】句意：——多漂亮的裙子啊！适合你！——谢谢你。这是我妈妈上个月做的。考查时态和语态辨析。主语“It”指代上文提到的裙子，与动词make之间是动宾关系，此处用被动语态；再由“lastmonth”可知用一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/weredone。故选B。3．—Mom,Ifeelalittlebithungrynow.—Thesecakes_______withchocolate.Havesome,please.A．arefilled B．filled C．fill D．arefilling答案:A【详解】句意：——妈妈，我现在觉得有点饿了。——这些蛋糕满满的巧克力。请吃一些。考查动词短语。arefilled一般现在时的被动结构；filled过去式；fill动词原形；arefilling现在进行时结构；句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动结构，构成短语befilledwith“装满”，故选A。4．TheplayTeahouse________bythefamousChinesewriterLaoShe.A．wrote B．waswriting C．waswritten答案:C【详解】句意：著名的中国作家老舍写了话剧《茶馆》。考查动词的时态和语态。根据主语“TheplayTeahouse”及“bythefamousChinesewriterLaoShe”可知表达被动含义，用一般过去时的被动形式“waswritten”。故选C。5．Today,manywinterOlympicsports________evenbychildren.A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．wereenjoyed D．areenjoyed答案:D【详解】句意：今天，许多冬季奥运会项目甚至受到孩子们的喜爱。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Today”可知，是一般现在时，根据“bychildren”可知，表被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。6．Oursportsmeeting_______untiltheendofJuly.A．putsoff B．willputoff C．willbeputoff答案:C【详解】句意：我们的运动会将推迟到七月底。考查被动语态。句子主语sportsmeeting与动词putoff之间是被动关系，应用被动结构，结合选项可知，C选项是一般将来时的被动，故选C。7．InthebigearthquakeofGansu,people______tothesafeplacesbythearmy.A．take B．took C．weretaken答案:C【详解】句意：在甘肃大地震中，人们被军队带到了安全的地方。考查被动语态。结合语境可知，句子主语people与动词take之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动，故选C。8．“I’mstillworkingbecauseI’mstillcapableandhopetoguidemoreyoungpeople,”saidWuMengchaowhenhe_______.A．isinterviewed B．isinterviewing C．wasinterviewed D．wasinterviewing答案:C【详解】句意：吴孟超在接受采访时说：“我还在工作，因为我还有能力，希望能引导更多的年轻人。”考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析“whenhe...”并结合选项可知，该句为被动语态，根据“said”可知，该句为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是：was/were+动词的过去分词，“interview”的过去分词是“interviewed”。故选C。9．Thetelephone________in1876.A．invents B．inventedC．isinvented D．wasinvented答案:D【详解】句意：电话是在1876年被发明的。考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语是“电话”，电话是被发明的，所以应该用被动语态。1876年被发明，应该用一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态构成：was／were＋done。故选D。10．—HowlongmayI________yourmagazine?—Foroneweek.Butitmustn’t________toothers.A．borrow;lend B．keep;belent C．lend;beborrowed D．have;lend答案:B【详解】句意：——我能借你的字典多长时间？——一周。但是你不能把它借给其他人。考查动词辨析。borrow借，是瞬间性动词，不能和一段时间搭配使用；keep保存，保持，是延续性动词；lend借给，瞬间性动词；have拥有。根据第一句话中Howlong可知，表示一段时间，要与延续性动词一起连用，排除AC。主语it是动作lend的承受者，用被动语态，故选B。【过关检测】一、单项选择1．Chinese________inschoolsacrosstheworldnow.A．teaches B．istaught C．taught D．wastaught答案:B【详解】句意：现在全世界都在教汉语。考查动词的语态。根据主语“Chinese”与谓语动词之间的关系可知，此处应用被动语态：be+过去分词。再根据“now”可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。2．IwillgotothepartyifI________.A．willinvite B．wasinvited C．aminvited D．willbeinvited答案:C【详解】句意：如果我受到邀请，我将去参加晚会。考查一般现在时的被动语态。if引导的条件状语从句，主句用的是将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语“I”与动词“invite”之间是被动关系，故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。3．Mobilecabinhospital________inPinggulastmonth.A．built B．wasbuilt C．willbebuilt D．isbuilding答案:B【详解】句意：平谷移动客舱医院于上月建成。考查时态和语态。主语“Mobilecabinhospital”与动词build之间是动宾关系，结合“lastmonth”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/weredone。故选B。4．—Canyoutellmewhomtheplay________inthe1990s?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A．waswrittenby B．waswritten C．iswritten D．iswrittenby答案:A【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这部戏剧是谁在20世纪90年代写的吗？——对不起，我不知道。考查被动语态。主语theplay与动词write是被动关系，根据“inthe1990s”可知应用一般过去时的被动语态was/weredone，排除CD；whom在此被动语态中是动作的执行者，作介词by的宾语。故选A。5．The2022AsianGames________inHangzhoufromOctober9toOctober15.A．willhold B．washeld C．willbeheld答案:C【详解】句意：2022年亚运会将于10月9日至10月15日在杭州举行。考查动词的时态和语态。主语“The2022AsianGames”与谓语动词“hold”之间是被动关系，且2022年10月是将来的时间，因此用一般将来时的被动语态willbedone。故选C。6．Anewpark_______herenextyear.Thenpeoplenearbycancomeforawalk.A．willbuild B．willbebuilt C．hasbuilt D．wasbuilt答案:B【详解】句意：明年这儿会建一个新公园。这样附近的人就可以来散步了。考查被动语态。anewpark和build构成被动关系，所以此处应用被动语态。结合“nextyear”可知，用一般将来时的被动语态（willbedone）。故选B。7．HowmanyChineseastronauts________intospacesince2003?A．weresent B．sent C．havebeensent D．havesent答案:C【详解】句意：自从2003年以来有多少中国宇航员被送往太空了？考查时态和语态。根据“since2003”可知，时态用现在完成时，主语“Chineseastronauts”与谓语动词“send”之间是被动关系，用现在完成时态的被动语态have/hasbeendone。故选C。8．—Lily,willyougotoJenny’sbirthdaypartythisSaturday?—I’mnotsure.BecauseI________sofar.A．haven’tinvited B．wasn’tinvited C．haven’tbeeninvited D．willbeinvited答案:C【详解】句意：——莉莉，这周六你去参加珍妮的生日派对吗？——我不确定。因为到目前为止我还没被邀请。考查动词的时态和语态。haven’tinvited现在完成时；wasn’tinvited一般过去时的被动语态；haven’tbeeninvited现在完成时的被动语态；willbeinvited一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“sofar”可判断，此处应用现在完成时。“我”是被邀请去参加生日派对，因此应用被动语态。故选C。9．Ourtemperatureshould________beforeenteringthepublicplaces.A．take B．betaken C．betaking答案:B【详解】句意：在进入公共场所之前，我们应该测量体温。考查含情态动词的被动语态。主语“Ourtemperature”与动词take之间是动宾关系，此处是含情态动词的被动语态shouldbedone。故选B。10．Theseoldpeople________goodcareof.A．musttake B．mustbetook C．mustbetaken D．mustbelooked答案:C【详解】句意：这些老人必须得到很好的照顾。考查动词短语和含情态动词的被动语态。takecareof=lookafter“照顾”，主语“Theseoldpeople”是动作的承受者，此处用“mustbedone”结构表被动，take的过去分词是taken。故选C。二、用所给单词的正确形式填空11．Somethingmust________(do)toimprovetheirlives.答案:bedone【详解】句意：必须采取措施来改善他们的生活。分析句意可知，主语和动词之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态，根据空前must可知，应用含情态动词的被动语态，构成形式为：mustbedone；do“做”，其过去分词是done。故填bedone。12．Thephotoscan________(see)ontheInternetbylotsofpeople.答案:beseen【详解】句意：这些照片可以在网上被很多人看到。主语“Thephotos”是动作“see”的承受者，用含有情态动词can的被动语态表示，故填beseen。13．—________thesetrees________(cut)downthisweekend?—Yes,theyare.答案:

Are

goingtobecut【详解】句意：——这些树这个周末要被砍伐吗？——是的。cutdown“砍倒”，动词短语；分析句子结构可知，“thesetrees”和“cutdown”之间是被动关系，结合“thisweekend”可知，句中时态为一般将来时，所以此处使用一般将来时的被动语态，根据答句“Yes,theyare.”可知，此处使用begoingtobedone结构，主语“thesetrees”是复数，所以be动词使用are，该句为一般疑问句，所以将are置于句首，首字母大写，动词cut的过去分词为cut，所以第二空使用goingtobecut。故填Are；goingtobe