《工程管理专业英语》课件 Unit 2 Architecture Classification and Building Materials

工程管理专业英语EnglishforProjectManagement讲授人：Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsPART02目录CONTENTSDialogueSectionABuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionSectionBLead-inUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsLead-inIdentifythepicturesbelow.Matchthemwiththewordsinthebox.residenceskyscraperswarehouseSectionADialogue1HTWWEngineeringdecidestoemployconstructionengineerstooverseeandinspectthedifferentstagesoftheirbuildingprojectandHRhaspostedjobvacanciesontheirofficialwebsite.OneofthejobseekersMr.Zhangiscomingforinterviews.Ms.Linisreceivinghim.Z=Mr.ZhangL=Ms.LinUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1Z:Goodmorning,it’sapleasuretomeetyou.I’mhereforthejobinterview.L:Nicetomeetyou,Mr.Zhang.I’vereceivedyourresumeandlookedthroughitquitecarefully.Ihavetosayyou’reoneofthemostqualifiedcompetitorsforthisjob.Z:Thanks,I’moverjoyedtohearthat.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1L:Nowifyouallowme,I’mgoingtoaskyousomequestionsrelatedtoyourself,bothprofessionallyandpersonally.Thefirstthingis:whydoyouwanttoworkforourcompany?Z:IwouldliketoworkatHTWWEngineeringbecauseoftheexcellentreputationithasfordoingajobefficiently,butalsoinawaythatenhancesthestructuresothatitrepresentsthehighstandardsofthisindustry.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1L:Great,thanksforyourtrustandcomplimenttous.I’veseenthatyou’vedonesomeamazingprojectswithothercompanies,sowhatwerethebiggestchallengesthatyouoncefaced?Z:Inmyopinion,thebiggestchallengethatI,asacivilengineer,oncefacedwasdealingwithclientswhowantedtotakeshortcutsinordertogetthejobdoneontime.Persuadingtheclientthattakingshortcutsisnotonlyunethicalbutcanalsobedangerouswasdefinitelyadifficulttask.Itisimperativetogaintheircooperationinordertoprotecttheintegrityofthecompany.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1L:That’sindeedaverycommonbuttrickyissue.I’msuretheuppermanagementwillassistyouwiththis.Andasyouwillbeworkingonsitemostofthetimes,howwouldyoumaintainasafeworkenvironment?Z:Safetyonaconstructionsiteismyabsolutetoppriority.WheneverI’monajobsite,Ilookaroundtoensurealltheworkershavetherightpersonalprotectiveequipment,orPPE,onandthatalltoolsandmaterialsaresafelystored.Ifconstructionemployeesdon’thavethenecessarysafetyequipment,Iasktheworksupervisortostopworkuntilallemployeesareappropriatelyprotected.TheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration,orOSHA,hasclearguidelinesforconstructionsitesafety,whichIensurearefollowedontheworksite.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1L:Thankyouforyourimpressiveanswers,Mr.Zhang.I’mdonewithmyquestionsandIappreciateyoutime.NowI’mgoingtowalkyouthroughthedutiesyouhaveforthisjob,yoursalaryandworkingtime,andalsobenefitsthatourcorporationprovidesforyou.Z:Yes,ofcourse.Thankyou.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsoversee[ˌoʊvərˈsiː]v.towatchoveranddirect(anundertaking,agroupofworkers,etc.)inordertoensureasatisfactoryoutcomeorperformance监督；监视inspect[ɪnˈspekt]n.toexamineofficially检查post[poʊst]v.topublish,announce,oradvertisebyorasifbyuseofaplacard张贴；发布，公布Dialogue1Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsqualified[ˈkwɑːlɪfaɪd]adj.havingcompliedwiththespecificrequirementsorprecedentconditions(asforanofficeoremployment)有资格的；具备…的学历（或资历）；具备…的知识(或技能)overjoy[ˌoʊvərˈdʒɔɪ]v.tofillwithgreatjoy使狂喜compliment[ˈkɑːmplɪmənt]n.anexpressionofesteem,respect,affection,oradmiration赞美；称赞Dialogue1Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsshortcuts[ˈʃɔrtˌkʌts]n.amethodormeansofdoingsomethingmoredirectlyandquicklythanandoftennotsothoroughlyasbyordinaryprocedure(做某事的)快捷办法，捷径unethical[ʌnˈeθɪkl]adj.notconformingtoahighmoralstandard不道德的imperative[ɪmˈperətɪv]adj.nottobeavoidedorevaded急需处理的Dialogue1Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsintegrity[ɪnˈteɡrəti]n.firmadherencetoacodeofespeciallymoralorartisticvalues诚实正直priority[praɪˈɔːrəti]n.thequalityorstateofbeingprior优先事项Dialogue1Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsuppermanagement高层管理层onsite在现场；实地personalprotectiveequipment个人防护装备OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration美国职业安全与健康管理局SectionADialogue2Jake,aninternjournalist,isgoingtointerviewMr.Hall,whoisapavementengineerspecializedinroadworksfromJacobsEngineeringCorporation.Hereisaconversationbetweenthem.J=JakeH=Mr.HallUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue2J:Hello,Mr.Hall.It’smygreathonortohavetheinterviewwithyou.I’mJake,aninternjournalist.CanIaskyousomedetailedquestionsaboutyourwork?H:Yes,sure.Nicetomeetyou,Jake.J:Sobuildingaroadcantakequitealongtime,isn’tit?H:Well,nottoscareyou,butitcantakeweeks,monthsoryearstobuildaroad.Itrequiresmachinery,manpowerandconsiderableamountsofcapital.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue2J:Butwhatisthefirstthingthatyoudo?H:Technically,beforeanyconstructiontakesplace,theroad’s

designandroutemustbepreciselyplannedbydesignconsultants,civilengineersandsurveyors.Thisinitialphasecancostasmuchas15%ofthebudget.Itrequiresexpertisetocalculatethemorecomplexaspectsoftheroad.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue2J:Whataspectsspecifically?H:Forexample,thegradient,radiusandbankangle,aswellasenvironmentalimpactandarea-specifictopography.J:Thatsoundsliketonsofwork.H:Indeed.J:Thankyouverymuch,Mr.Hall.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsroadwork[ˈroʊdˌwɜːk]n.workdoneinconstructingorrepairingroads

道路工程manpower[ˈmænpaʊər]n.poweravailablefromorsuppliedbythephysicaleffortofhumanbeings劳动力capital[ˈkæpɪtl]n.accumulatedpossessionscalculatedtobringinincome资金Dialogue2Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordssurveyor[sərˈveɪər]n.onethatsurveys测量员；检验员；（土地）勘测员expertise[ˌekspɜːrˈtiːz]n.theskillofanexpert专业知识；专长gradient[ˈɡreɪdiənt]n.therateofregularorgradedascentordescent（尤指公路或铁路的）坡度Dialogue2Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsradius[ˈreɪdiəs]n.alinesegmentextendingfromthecenterofacircleorspheretothecircumferenceorboundingsurface半径（长度）topography[təˈpɑːɡrəfi]n.theartorpracticeofgraphicdelineationindetailusuallyonmapsorchartsofnaturalandman-madefeaturesofaplaceorregionespeciallyinawaytoshowtheirrelativepositionsandelevations地形；地貌；地势；地形学Dialogue2Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsinternjournalist实习记者pavementengineer道路工程师bankangle滚转（倾斜）角Dialogue2Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAExercise1Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothedialogues.1.Indialogueone,thejobseekerMr.Zhangisnewtothefieldofengineering.2.Mr.ZhangwantstoworkatHTWWEngineeringmainlybecauseofitsfame.3.ThebiggestchallengeforMr.Zhangistopersuadetheclienttotakeshortcuts.4.AccordingtoMr.Hallindialoguetwo,ittakesyearstobuildroads.5.Theinitialstepofbuildingaroadisplanningtheroad.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAExercise2Oralpractice:Pairwork.Usethequestionsbelowtointerviewyourpartner.Thenchangeroles.1.1.Whydoyouwanttoworkasanengineer?

。2.Whatisgoingtobethebiggestchallengeofyourcareer?

。

3.Howwouldyoumaintainsafetywhileworkingonsite?

。Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAExercise24.Haveyoueverbeentotheconstructionsite?Ifyes,whathaveyoulearntoutsidethetextbook?

。

5.Whatisthefirststepofbuildingaroad?

。Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAExercise3PracticalActivity:Workwithyourpartnerandmakeaconversation.

SupposeyouareMr.Wang,andyourcompanyisrecruitinglocomotiveengineers.Makeaconversationwithyourneighbororpartner.Theresultofthediscussionwillbereportedtothewholeclass.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionBuildingmaterialisanymaterialthatcanbeusedforconstructionpurposes.Theconstructionindustryusesavarietyofbuildingmaterialsfordifferentaspectsofahomebuildprocess.Architectsconsultwithstructuralengineersontheload-bearingcapabilitiesofthematerialswithwhichtheydesign,andthemostcommonmaterialsareconcrete,steel,wood,masonryandstone.Eachhasdifferentstrength,weightanddurability,whichmakesitrightforvarioususes.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionIntheoldentimes,peoplehavebeenusingpurebricks,orwood,orstraw.Butinthismodernage,engineershavelearnedtomixandmatchtherightmaterialstocomeupwithhigherqualitystructures.Ofcourse,thechoiceisalwaysbasedontheclient’sbudgetandtheeffectivenessofthematerialsinbuildingprojects.Architectsalsochoosematerialsbasedoncostandaesthetics.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionBuildingmaterialsareusuallycategorizedintotwosources:naturalandmanmade.Manynaturalsubstanceswereusedinconstructionarewood,sand,clay,rocks,wood,andeventwigsandleaves.Someofthesearestillwidelyusedinthemodernconstructionscene,especiallyinAmerica,wheremosthousesarestillmadeofwood.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionManyman-madematerialscameoutinthepreviousyearsandsomearesynthetic.Althoughnotnatural,someareusedtomakeeco-friendlyhouseslike3Dhousesthatactuallypassthegreenconstructionstandards.Qualitybuildingtakesmorethanjustconstructioncrewmanagement.Morethanthattherightbuildingmaterialsshouldbeproperlyanalyzeddependingontheclient’srequirements,thesite,andmoreotherconsiderationslikeweatherconditions.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionTherightbuildingmaterialshaveabigimpactonthequalityofthestructure.Nomatterhowproficientaconstructionteamiswhenthematerialsarecheapandsubstandard,thebuildingwillstillseemanyproblemsandwon’tlastlong.Sadly,theselectionofrightbuildingmaterialsisoftenoverlooked.Manyprojectplannerstendtocutcornersandpushasidetheuseofthebestqualitymaterials.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionOften,costisthereasonforchoosingalternativematerialsthataren’tasgoodastheoriginalchoice.Butclientsneedtoconsiderthattheycandeliverthehighestqualitybuildingtotheirtenantsbyusingthemostsuitablematerials.Thisalsoensuresthesafetyanddurabilityofthebuilding.Hereisalistofbuildingmaterialsthatarecommonlyusedinconstructionarebelow.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionSteelisametalalloyofironandcarbonandoftenotheralloyingmaterialinitscompositiontomakeitstrongerandmorefracture-resistantthaniron.Stainlesssteelsresistcorrosionandoxidationbecauseoftheadditionalchromiumintheirmake-up.Becauseitissostrongcomparedtoitsweightandsize,structuralengineersuseitforthestructuralframeworkoftallmodernbuildingsandlargeindustrialfacilities.Someofitsqualitiesinclude:Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials1.SteelSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(1)Steelhashighstrength-to-weightandstrength-to-sizeratios.(2)It’shigh-costrelativetoothermetals.Structuralengineerscanconsultonchoosingthemostcost-effectivesizestouseinahousetosupporttheactualloadonthebuilding.(3)Steelislesstime-consumingtoinstallthanconcrete.1.SteelSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(4)Itcanbeinstalledinanyenvironment.(5)Chrome,gold,andsilveraregenerallyusedforfinishesordecorationbecausetheylackthetensilestrengthofsteel.1.SteelSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsConcreteisacompositematerialmadeoffineandcoarseaggregateboundtogetherbyaliquidbindersuchascementthathardensorcuresovertime.Portlandcementisthemostcommontypeofcement,andisafinepowder,producedbyheatinglimestoneandclaymaterialsinakilnandaddinggypsum.SoPortlandcementconcreteconsistsofthemineralaggregate,boundwithPortlandcementandwater.Aftermixing,thecementhardensorcuresintothestone-likematerialwethinkofasconcrete.2.Concrete

SectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials（1）Strengthvariesdependingonthemix.Supplierstotheconcreteindustryusuallyprovidethematerialsusedfortheirconcreteandtesttheconcretemixforitsstrength.（2）Concretecanbepouredintoaformtotakevirtuallyanyshapeandhardenintoamaterialsimilartostone.（3）Ittakesatleastsevendaystocure,soengineersandarchitectsmustfactorinthathardeningtimewhentheydevisebuildingschedulesforconcreteconstruction.Concreteattributes:

SectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials（4）Itsversatility,cost,andstrengthmakeittheidealmaterialforahousefoundation.Sinceitcancarryaheavyloadandwithstandtheforcesfromthesurroundingenvironment,aconcretehomefoundationiscommon.（5）Toincreasethetensilestrengthofconcrete,engineersoftenplanforittobereinforcedwithsteelrodsorbarsrebar.Concreteattributes:

SectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsAmongtheoldest,orperhapstheoldest,ofbuildingmaterials,woodhasbeenusedforthousandsofyearsandhaspropertiesthatmakeitanidealbuildingmaterial—eveninthedaysofengineeredandsyntheticmaterials.3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsForconstructionuse,woodpiecesaremachine-planedandcutintostandarddimensions,suchas2”x4”(1.5”x3.5”actual)and2”x6,”(1.5”x5.5”actual)sothattheirmeasurementscanbeaccuratelyfactoredintobuildingplans—thisisknownasdimensionallumber.Woodinlargersizesisusuallyreferredtoastimberorbeamsandisoftenusedtoconstructtheframesoflargestructureslikebridgesandmulti-storybuildings.3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSometreespeciesarebetterforsomeusesandforuseinsomeclimatesthanothers.Structuralengineersandarchitectscandeterminewhichtypeofwoodisidealforaconstructionproject.Thedistinguishingtraitsofwoodstructureareasfollows:3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(1)Itisreadilyavailableandaneconomicalnaturalresource.(2)Woodisrelativelylightweightandeasytostandardizeinsize.(3)Itprovidesgoodinsulation,whichiswhymanyarchitectsandengineerslikeusingitforhomesandresidentialbuildings.3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(4)Woodhashightensilestrength—keepingitsstrengthwhilebending—andisverystrongwhenbeingcompressedvertically.(5)Becauseitislightweightandneedstobepressuretreatedtocomeintocontactwithsurroundingsoil,woodisalesspopularchoiceforfoundationsorbasementwalls.Moreoften,wood-framedhomesusuallyhaveareinforcedconcreteorpierandbeamfoundations.3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsThelongestlastingbuildingmaterialavailableistheonethat’sbeenhereforthousandsofyears:stone.Infact,themostancientofbuildingsstillinexistenceintheworldaremadeofstone.Ithasmanyadvantages,thoughengineersandarchitectsmustmakesomespecialconsiderationswhenplanningabuildingusingstone.4.StoneSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsIthasmanyadvantages,thoughengineersandarchitectsmustmakesomespecialconsiderationswhenplanningabuildingusingstone.Theadvantagesofstonearelistedbelow:4.StoneSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(1)Drystonewallsmadeofdenserockhavebeenusedforthousandsofyears.Differentformsofmortarwerelaterusedtoholdthemtogether.(2)Becauseitissodense,stonecanbedifficulttoworkwithbecauseofitsweightandthedifficultyinmovingit.(3)Stoneisnotanefficientinsulator,sinceitisdifficulttokeepwarm.4.StoneSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(4)Variousstonetypesarebestfordifferentuses.Forinstance,slateisfire-resistant.Graniteisoneofthehardeststonesandoneofthemostdurableproductsavailable;theIncasusedlimestoneorgranitetobuildtheirincrediblystrongbuildings.4.StoneSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsMasonryconstructionusesindividualunits(suchasbricks)tobuildstructuresthatareusuallyboundtogetherbysomekindofmortar.Historically,claybrickswereformedinamoldandkiln-fired.Thestrongestandmostcommonlyusedmasonryunitnowisaconcreteblock,whichmaybereinforcedwithsteel.Glass,brick,andstonecanallbeusedinamasonrystructure.5.Brick/MasonrySectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(1)Masonryisdurableandfire-resistant.(2)Thismethodofconstructionisabletoresistcompressionloads,whichmakesitagoodmaterialforload-bearingwalls.5.Brick/MasonrySectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(3)Reinforcedwithconcrete,orincombinationwithreinforcedconcrete,masonrycansupportmulti-storybuildings,andcanbeaneconomicalchoice.(4)Whileitisastrongmethodtouseinmanytypesofconstruction,lastingmasonryinstallationcandependonthequalityofmortarandworkmanship.5.Brick/MasonrySectionBNewWordsarchitect[ˈɑːrkɪtekt]n.apersonwhodesignsbuildingsandadvisesintheirconstruction建筑师；设计师load-bearing[loʊdˈberɪŋ]adj.carryingloadsforuseinconstruction承重；承载capability[ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti]n.thequalityorstateofbeingcapable能力；才能Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsmasonry[ˈmeɪsənri]n.somethingconstructedofmaterialsusedbymasons砖石结构；砖石建筑durability[dərəˈbɪlɪti]n.abilitytoexistforalongtimewithoutsignificantdeteriorationinqualityorvalue耐久性；耐久（用）性budget[ˈbʌdʒɪt]n.theamountofmoneythatisavailablefor,requiredfor,orassignedtoaparticularpurpose预算Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsaesthetics[ɛˈsθɛtɪks]n.abranchofphilosophydealingwiththenatureofbeauty,art,andtasteandwiththecreationandappreciationofbeauty(审)美学substance[ˈsʌbstəns]n.physicalmaterialfromwhichsomethingismadeorwhichhasdiscreteexistence物质；物品twig[twɪɡ]n.asmallshootorbranchusuallywithoutitsleaves细枝；小枝Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordssynthetic[sɪnˈθetɪk]adj.of,relatingto,orproducedbychemicalorbiochemicalsynthesis(人工)合成的；人造的crew[kruː]n.acompanyofpeopleworkingononejoborunderoneforemanoroperatingamachine技术人员团队；专业团队proficient[prəˈfɪʃnt]adj.welladvancedinanart,occupation,orbranchofknowledge精通的；熟练的Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordssubstandard[ˌsʌbˈstændərd]adj.deviatingfromorfallingshortofastandardornorm不达标的；不合格的overlook[ˌoʊvərˈlʊk]v.torefusetotakenoticeof忽略；未注意到alternative[ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv]adj.offeringorexpressingachoice可供替代的Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordstenant[ˈtenənt]n.onewhohastheoccupationortemporarypossessionoflandsortenementsofanother房客；租户alloy[ˈælɔɪ]n.asubstancecomposedoftwoormoremetalsorofametalandanonmetalintimatelyunitedusuallybybeingfusedtogetheranddissolvingineachotherwhenmolten合金composition[ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn]n.themannerinwhichsomethingiscomposed组合Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsfracture[ˈfræktʃər]n.theactorprocessofbreakingorthestateofbeingbroken断裂；破裂resistant[rɪˈzɪstənt]adj.giving,capableof,orexhibitingresistance—oftenusedincombination有抵抗力的stainless['steɪnləs]adj.highlyresistanttostainorcorrosion不生锈的Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordscost-effective[ˌkɔːstɪˈfektɪv]adj.producinggoodresultswithoutcostingalotofmoney性价比高的；有成本效益的time-consuming[ˈtaɪmkənsuːmɪŋ]adj.usingortakingupagreatdealoftime费时的；耗时间的tensile[ˈtensl]adj.capableoftension抗张的；可拉长的Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsfineaggregate[faɪnˈæɡrɪɡət]n.thatportionoftheaggregateusedinconcretethatissmallerthanabout³/₁₆inch细骨料coarseaggregate[kɔːrsˈæɡrɪɡət]n.theportionoftheaggregateusedinconcretethatislargerthanabout³/₁₆inch粗骨料harden[ˈhɑːrdn]v.tomakehardorharder变硬；(使)硬化Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsmineral[ˈmɪnərəl]n.impregnatedwithmineralsubstances矿物(性)的；含矿物的virtually[ˈvɜːrtʃuəli]adj.almostentirely实际上；几乎devise[dɪˈvaɪz]v.toforminthemindbynewcombinationsorapplicationsofideasorprinciples发明；设计；想出Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsversatility[ˈvɜrsətəliti]n.thequalityorstateofbeingversatile技术全面；用途广泛withstand[wɪðˈstænd]v.tostandupagainst；opposewithfirmdetermination承受；抵住；顶住reinforce[ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrs]v.tostrengthenbyadditionalassistance,material,orsupport加固；使更结实；给…加强力量(或装备)Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsmulti-story[ˈmʌltiˈstɔːri]adj.ofabuilding:havingmorethantwostories多层的readily[ˈredɪli]adv.withoutmuchdifficulty便利地；快捷地relatively[ˈrelətɪvli]adv.toarelativedegreeorextent相当地；相对地Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordslightweight[ˈlaɪtweɪt]adj.lackinginearnestness,ability,orprofundity轻量的，薄型的insulation[ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃn]n.thestateofbeinginsulated隔热(或隔音、绝缘)材料compress[kəmˈpres]n.toreduceinsize,quantity,orvolumeasifbysqueezing(被)压紧；精简Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsmortar[ˈmɔːrtər]n.aplasticbuildingmaterial(suchasamixtureofcement,lime,orgypsumplasterwithsandandwater)thathardensandisusedinmasonryorplastering灰浆；砂浆workmanship[ˈwɜːrkmənʃɪp]n.thequalityimpartedtoathingintheprocessofmaking手艺；技艺；工艺Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBPhrasesandExpressionsprojectmanagement结构工程师consultwithsb.咨询；与（某人）磋商（说明）comeupwith想出；提出（计划、想法等）becategorizedinto…被分类为…Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBPhrasesandExpressionshave/hasanimpacton对…有影响cutcorners图省事；走捷径pushaside把…放到一边；排挤Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBExercise11.Whichofthefollowingelementswouldmorelikelybelongtotheclient’sconcernwhenitcomestochoosingbuildingmaterials?A.capabilitiesofthematerialsB.effectivenessofthematerialsC.weatherconditionsD.thebudgetChoosethebestanswer