高考英语阅读理解之猜词题讲义

2024年高考英语阅读理解之猜词题

Skill

1：利用构词法1.利用构词法中的派生法（Derivation）前缀/后缀前缀一般不改变原有的词性，只改变词义；后缀通常改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。1).Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundan

impassable

riverinfrontofhim．2).Intheworldofeconomic

globalization,

differentnationsarebeingmoreandmoreinterdependent.

2.利用构词法中的合成法（pounding）3).ChildlaborersinDickens'novelswere

illtreated.

4).FrancisChichestersailedaroundtheworld

singlehanded.

3.利用构词法中的转化法（conversion）5).Theauthor

emptied

allhispocketstofindhisticket．6).ThereweresomanydemonstratorsintheRedSquarethathehadto

elbow

hiswaythroughthecrowd.

答案：1）不可通过的

2）全球化

3）受到恶劣对待

4）独自地

5）倒空；掏空Skill2:利用定义/

解释/

举例等猜测词义1)Whatis

plagiarism?

Itisusingothers’ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.2).Pantomime

referstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.

3)Youmayborrowfromthelibraryany

periodicals:

TimeMagazine,NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.注意标点符号如:

括号()

冒号:

破折号—答案：1）抄袭

2）哑剧

3）期刊Skill3:利用比较、对比、因果关系1.利用比较(近义)/并列关系——关键词有similarly,likewise,justas,also,or,and

等。1)Peterlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarly

loquacious.2)Motherwastallandfat.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasalmostas

plump

asmother,

but

muchshorter.3)Childrenoftentryto

emulate

orcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.4)Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,

statelyhomes

andmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.Theunderlinedphrase“statelyhomes”

means_____.A.stateownedhousesB.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly答案：1）健谈的

2）胖的

3）模仿

4）C2.利用对比（反义）关系——关键词有incontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while,inspiteof,ontheotherhand,nevertheless等。1)Andrewisoneofthemost

supercilious

menIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.2)Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，butwefeelthattheyare

intricate

andhardtosolve．

3).Mostofusagreed;however,Bill

dissented.答案：1）傲慢的

2）复杂的

3）不同意3.利用因果关系——关键词有

because,since,for,as,so,inorderto,soasto,asaresult,thus,therefore等。1).Tomisconsideredan

autocratic

administratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.2).Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.答案：1）专制的

2）浑浊的Skill4

利用上下文的语境1）Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentallyawaremusiclovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduce

ecofriendlytents

madeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.

（上海）“Ecofriendlytents”refertotents________A.economicallydesirableB.favorabletoenvironmentC.forholdingmusicperformancesD.designedfordisasterrelief2).

Photographsareeverywhere.Theydecoratethewallsofhomesandareusedinstoresforsalesofdifferentgoods.Thenewsisfilledwithpicturesoffires,floods,andspecialevents.Photosrecordthebeautiesofnature.

They

canalsobringthingsclosethatarefaraway.Throughphotos,peoplecanseewildanimals,citiesinforeignlands,andeventhestarsinouterspace.Photosalsotellstories.（陕西卷）46.Theunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphrefersto

.A.beautiesB.photosC.goods

D.events答案：1）B

2）BSkill5利用文化背景和生活常识Warmbloodeddesertanimals,suchasratsandmice,restduringtheday,oftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.

答案：洞穴猜词练习1.FoxwasauniversitystudentinBritishColumbiawhenhebecamesickwithbonecancer.Doctorshadto

amputate

mostofhisrightleg.

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“amputate”?

A.cureof

B.cutoff

C.takeawayD.leave2.Hundredsofyearsago,muchoftheHollandwasbelowsealevelandwasoftenfloodedbytheNorthSea.Thismadetheland

swampy.

Whatdoestheword“swampy”mean?A.dryandhard

B.

deserted

C.softandwet

D.

rich3.Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehouses,

andboats.Oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofs

fromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People’sfoodsuppliesweresimilarly

vulnerable.

(重庆)Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inthepassagemeans___________.A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotected

C.easytodamageD.difficulttofind4.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasvery

exotic

withfascinatingobjectsondisplay.

(江西)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“exotic”?A.messyanduntidy

B.richandexpensive.Cfortableandcalming

D.foreignandunusual5.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents,whichhasledtoarisein

obesity

amongchildren.

Whatdoestheword“obesity”mean?

A.violence

B.

sadness

C.overweight

D.

weakness

6.BorninChicagoin1902,broughtupandschooledinNebraska,the19yearoldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecame

hookedonteaching

whileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation（全国）

Thewords“hookedonteaching”probablymean________.A.attractedtoteaching

B.tiredofteachingC.satisfiedwithteachingD.unhappyaboutteaching7.

Asthesunrosehigher,Arizona’sfamousheatseemedtoroast(烘烤)us.Therewasnoshadeandourlegswereaching.Wedecidedtogoback,withthegirlonmybackandtheboysfarbehind.Bythetimewefinallygotback,

ourlegswerelikejelly.(陕西)

Theunderlinedexpression“Ourlegswerelikejelly”probablymeans

.A.wewereweakB.wewereunhappyC.weweredissatisfiedD.weweredisappointed8.Whatweoftenseenowadaysisthatyoungpeople

juggle

aneverlargernumberofelectronicdevices(电子产品)astheystudy.Whileworking,theyalsosurfontheInternet,sendoutemails,answerthetelephoneandlistentomusicontheiriPads.Inasense,theyarespendingasignificantamountoftimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.

（重庆）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“juggle”mostprobablymean?A.wanttobuy

B.taketheplaceofC.useatthesametimeD.seekforinformationfrom9.

[浙江卷]Firstofall,joggingisveryhardonthebody.Yourlegsandfeettakearealpounding(重击)runningdownaroadfortwoorthreemiles.Idevelopedfoot,leg,andbackproblems.ThenIreadaboutanationallyfamousjoggerwhodiedofaheartattackwhilejogging,andIhadsomethingelsetoworryabout.Joggingdoesn’tkillhundredsofpeople,butifyouhaveanyphysicalweaknesses,joggingwillsurelybring

them

out,astheydidwithme.Theunderlinedword“them”mostprobablyrefersto____________.A.heartattacksB.backproblemsC.famousjoggersD.physicalweaknesses10.Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribesandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedup

thatprocess.(北京)62.Inthelastparagraph,”thatprocess”means________.A.analyzingspeciesB.creatinganewtoolC.collectingdataD.describingspecies11.【陕西卷】NotallofMom’sadvicepassedthetestofmedicalstudies.Forexample,generationsofchildrenhavebeentoldnottogoswimmingwithinanhouraftereating.Butresearchsuggeststhatthereisnodangerindoingso.Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulated(积累)fromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare.53.Thephrase“holdwater”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans”_____”.A.tobebelievableB.tobevaluableC.tobeadmirableD.tobesuitable12.【天津卷】Iamawriter.Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage—thewayitcanevoke(唤起)anemotion,avisualimage,aplexidea,orasimpletruth.

Languageisthetoolofmytrade.AndIusethemall—alltheEnglishesIgrewupwith.41.Bysaying“Languageisthetoolofmytrade”,theauthormeansthat______.A.sheusesEnglishinforeigntradeB.sheisfascinatedbylanguagesC.sheworksasatranslatorD.sheisawriterbyprofession13.【湖北卷】SundayismorelikeMondaythanitusedtobe.Placesofbusinessthatusedtokeepdaytime“businesshours”arenowopenlateintothenight.AhalfcenturyagointheUnitedStates,mostpeopleexperiencedstrongandprecisedividinglinesbetweendaysofrestanddaysofwork,schooltimeandsummertime.Todaytheboundariesstillexist,buttheyseemnotclear.71.Bysaying“SundayismorelikeMondaythanitusedtobe,”thewritermeansthat______A.worktimeisequaltoresttime

B.manypeoplehaveadayoffonMondayC.itishardforpeopletodecidewhentorestD.thelinebetweenworktimeandresttimeisunclear答案：BCCDC；AACDC；ADD猜词题之代词：代词的主要作用就是用来指代上下文所出现的名词以及名词词组。由于代词这种指代性，使其与上下文的联系比较紧密，同时使得作者的行文更加紧凑。代词指代的考查大致可分为对句、段、篇的考查——即“点”、“线”、“面”三个层次。一、“点”的考查主要考查考生对较为复杂的句子的理解以及其内在的逻辑和指代。这是代词指代最简单的一种。如：例1：（全国卷。第70题）Inthelastsentenceofparagraph1,

theunderlinedword“they”refersto____.A.

wineandbeer

B.

foodanddrinks

C.

thevariousyeasts

D.

otherorganisms解题语境为：Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewine,

withtheresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.

Healsoprovedthat

foodanddrinks

couldbeturnedbadbyotherorganismsthatwerepresentintheair,

andthat

theytoowouldkeepfreshmuchlongerif

they

werekeptinairtightcontainers.例2：（全国卷。第67题）Theunderlinedword“them”(paragraph1)refersto______.A.redherringsB.treasurehunts

C.HenryVIII’ssixwivesD.readersofthebookThebookcontainedalargenumberofcluestohelpreadersfindthehare,

butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”,offalseclues,

tomislead

them

.

例3：（全国卷。第58题）Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphreferstotheideathatputertowns______.A.helptosetupmoreputerclubs

B.bringpeopletolearntouseputersC.bringmoreexpertstoworktogether

D.helptosellputerstothepublicAlthoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeopleclosertotheputer,

Daviddoesnotsee

it

thatway.答案：BDB二、“线”的考查所谓“线”的考查，是指考查考生对文段语境的理解能力。考生必须通过两句或两句以上的语境，并作出合理的判断，才能解决问题。如：例4：（北京卷。第57题）“Todothis”(inparagraph3)means______.A.tohelppatientsrecover

B.toincreasethenumberofheartsurgeriesC.togetbackthemoneyspentontheequipment

D.tobuynewequipmentforthetreatmentofheartdisease解题语境：….second,itcausesthecostsofgeneralhospitalcaretorise.Afterhospitalsbuytheexpensiveequipmentthatisnecessaryformodernheartsurgery,they

musttrytorecoverthemoneytheyhavespent.

Todothis,

theyraisecostsforalltheirpatients,notjustthose….

例5：（上海卷。第102题）“It”inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphrefersto______.A.temporaryloneliness

B.situationalloneliness

C.anewplace

D.sleeplessness解决该题的关键语境是：Thesecondkind,

situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation—forexample,afamily