初中语法介词讲解

介词和介词短语

介词是虚词，根据意义可分为地点介词、时间介词、方位介词、手段介词和其他介词等。

1表示时间的介词：at,in,on,before,to,from,by,till,until,after,for,since等。

2表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next,to,in,infrontof,on,outof,at,above,over,into,near,between,under,up,across,

by,down,from,around,behind,beside等

3表示原因，理由的介词：for,as,at,from等

4表示方式的介词：on,in,by,with等。

常用介词辨析

1.表示时间的in,on,at,after

1)in的用法。

用于早晨、下午、傍晚。Inthemoming/aftemoon/evening

用于月、年、季节等。InMarch,in1986,inspring

用于一段时间后。Inaweek,inayear'stime,intwohours

2)on的用法

用于具体某一天。Onmybirthday,onthemorningofnextFriday,onJune6,onSunday,onNewYear'sDay

用于描述性的时间。Onacoldnight,onawinterday

3)at的用法

用于具体的钟点。At12o'clock,athalfnine

用于固定的搭配。Atlunch,atnight,atbreakfast,atnoon,atChristmas,atweekends,atthattime

4)after表示在一点时间以后。Aftertwelveo?clock

Therewillbetwobridgesovertheriver.河上将有两座桥。

4•表方位的in,on,to.

⑤oOoo

ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.

RussiaisontheeastofChina.

JapanistotheeastofChina.

5.between,among

Between指两者之间,among指三者或三者以上。

6.across,over,through

Across表示从这一边到另一边的横过,over表示从空间通过,through则表示从内部空间穿过。

Canyouswimacrossthelake?你能游泳过湖吗？

TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossthedesserts,overthemountains,throughthevalleys,tillatlastit

reachesthesee.

7.with,in,by

With后跟工具,in后跟语言、材料等,by跟某种方式。

Icanwritewithapen,我能用笔写。

Hewrotethewordsinredink.

Weoftengotoschoolbybike./1learnEnglishbylisteningtotapes.

8.看似相同，但意义有别的词组。

Atschool在上学Infrontof在…前边（外部）Inclass在课上

Attheschool在学校Inthefrontof在…前部（内部）Intheclass在这个班

Inbed在睡觉Inhospital住院Gotoschool去上学

Inthebed在床上Inthehospital在医院里Gototheschool去学校

Attable吃饭bysea乘船onearth究竟

Atthetable在桌前bythesea在海边ontheearth在地球上

用适当的介词填空

1)Heknowseverythingtheschool.

2)Heusuallygoesoutforawalklunch.

3)Ihavelunchhalfpasteleven.

4)Pleaselooktheblackboard.

5.Theywork8:0016:00.

5)Whendotheygetupthemorning?

6)Willwegobusorfoot?

7.Wehavelearnedalotyou.

7)Thecupwasbrokenher.

8)Whereareyou?TmBeijing.

9)Weareworkingthepeople.

10）Itistimebreakfast.

11）Classbeginsnine.

12）WecomedifferentpartsofAmerica.

13）Shelivesherfather.

14）Sheoftengetsuphalfpastsixthemorning.

15）Westayheresixmonths.

16）YouareleavingShanghai.

17）Hewasborn1986.

18）WeusuallyhavemeetingsSaturdayafternoon.

19）Beijingisthecapitalchina.

20）Haveacupcoffeeplease.

21）XiaoLiwasbornMarch25,1991.

I.介词的种类

1.简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without,to,by,with,of,

over,behind,up,after,against等。

2.复合介词，如,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。

3.介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

（1）和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,keepawayfrom,careabout等。

（2）和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat

（3）和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,visitto等.

叱雷介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。

II.某些介词的意义与用法区别

1.at,on,in（表时间）：at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子

A.at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:

atfiveo5clock（五点）,atdaybreak（天亮）,atnoon（中午））,atmidnight（半夜），

atthebeginningofthemonth（月初）,atthattime（刃口时），atthatmoment（刃会JL），atthistimeofday（在——

天的这个时候）。

B.in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:

in2006（2006年），inMay,2004（2004年五月）,inthemorning（早晨/上午），intheafternoon（下

午），intheevening（晚上），inthenight（夜晚）,inthedaytime（白天）,inthe21stcentury（21世纪）,

inthreedays（weeks/month）三天（周/个月），inaweek（一周）,inspring（春季）。

C.on后跟某日,星期几,某日的朝夕,节日等，即具体某一天极其驷中、晚.

onSunday（星期日），onawarmmorninginApril（四月的一个温暖的上午），onaDecembernight（12

月的一■个夜晚），onthatafternoon（那天下午）,onthefollowingnight（下一个晚上）,onChristmasafternoon（圣

诞节下午），onOctober1,1949（1949年10月1日），onNew¥ear5sDay.

（特别提示）：在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词

2.between,among（表位置）“在..之间”

A.between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也可用between,如

FmsittingbetweenTomandAlice.

B.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.

3.beside,besides,except

beside意为"在…旁边"，Hesatbesideme.

besides意为"除...之外”，包括在内。Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?

except意为"除...之夕卜”，不包括在内TheygotoworkinaweekexceptSaturday.

4.inthetree,onthetree

inthetree，指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，

onthetree，指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西

5.ontheway,bytheway,inthisway

ontheway指在路上,onone'swayto…

bytheway指顺便问一句

inthisway用这样的方法,inthatway,inotherway,intheseways

6.bybus,onthebus

bybus是一般说法，固定搭配，onthebus特指乘某一辆车

7.across,through,和past“通过，经过”

across从表面经过，如,road,bridge,river

through从内部空间经过，如：city,woods,forests,window,gate

past,从旁边经过.

EX:Fillintheblankswithacrossorthrough.

1.Wehavetowalkthegatetogointothefactory.

2.Whenwewentthecinema,wesawatrafficaccident.

3.Lookoutthewindow,please.

4.Don'twalktheice.It'sdangerous.

5.Suddenly,ayoungmanranme.

6.Ifyouwalkthesquare,youwillseetheSunflowerHotel.

7.Therivergoesthecity.

8.Theoldmancanswimthestream.

9.1walked_________himwithoutsayinghello.

10.Thearmymovedtheforestsquietly.

8.on,above,over,u在.••上”,up,

A.on指在某物表面上，有接触点abookonthetable

B.over指在某物垂直上方，无接触点，也可指覆盖在某物上，与under相对

aclothoverthetable,afanoverthetable

C.above指在某物的上方即可，不一定是垂直上方反义词为below,

Thetemperaturetodayisabovezero.今天气温零度以上.

D.up表示在往上的方向反义词downlookuptothesky抬头看天空

11.in,after"....以后”

A.“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后，用在将来时态中.，常回答howsoon的提问.

B."after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后，相当于一段时间+later

Mymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.

Hearrivedafterfivemonths.=Hearrivedfiveminuteslater.

12.by,with,in,on表示方式，手段,工具，

A.by以......方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具，或跟V-ing形式.

B.with表示用...工具,

C.in表示用...方式，用…语言(语调、颜色)等

D.on表示通过媒介,onthetelephone,ontheradio,onTV

Eg:HelearnedJapanesebylisteningtotheradio.

WeChinesehavemealswithchopsticks.

ThenoveliswritteninEnglish.

Ex:Fillintheblankswithby,withorin,on

1.1sentthemessagetohimemail.

2.Thepupilswritepencils.

3.DoyouknowthemeaningofwordChinese?

4.Themanclimbeduptothetreealadder.

5.Theysolvedtheproblemcommunicating.

6.Thewomanwascryingalowvoice.

7.Theoldmanoftengetsnewstheradio..

8.Weoftencutthingsaknife.

9.Heimprovedhiswritingskillkeepingdiaries.

10.MygrandpacansingsomesongsRussian.

13.放在地点之前的介词:at,in,on

A.at⑴表示在小地方;(2)表示“在..附近，旁边”

B.in⑴表示在大地方;(2)表示“在...范围之内”。

C.on表示毗邻，接壤

D.to表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤

III.介词的其他一些用法.

1as,作为.Englishisusedasamotherlanguage.

2at,在...旁边，Theboyissittingatthedoor.

3but,除了.Hehasnothingbutmoney.

4like,像，如同.Helookslikemybestfriend.

5till,until,直至U…，在...以前.Wedidn'tgohometillfiveyesterday.

6with,有，带着ordlikesomecoffeewithsugar.

7by,在.…附近Theylivebyariver.

8短语介词：thanksto,becauseof,inspiteof,insteadof

选择最佳答案（表示时间关系的介词）.

1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairportWednesday.

A.onB.atC.inD.for

2.WhatdoyouusuallydoChristmas?

A.onB.atC.inD.for

3.Thefirstclassbegins8o?clockthemorning.

A.at/onB.at/inC.on/inD.on/on

4.lastSaturday,wehadhadtwofootballmatcheswithClassTwo.

A.ForB./C.ByD.During

5.WewillbeinNanjingTuesdayThursday.

A.on/throughB.on/toC.from/toD.on./till

6.MrBlackwillvisitournewschoolbuildingtwodays.

A.beforeB.afterC.atD.in

7.theendoflastspringWangHaijoinedthearmytheend.

A.At/atB.By/inC.In/atD.At/in

8.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon..

A.onB./C.inD.for

9.HecametoseeyoutheeveningofMay10th.

A.inB.atC.onD.for

10.I'mafraidIgaveyoualotoftrouble_______mystayhere.

A.inB.forC.duringD.on

11.Thesupermarketisopen_____midnight.

A.atB.onC.tillD./

12.Daysarelongersummerthanwinter.

A.in/inB.in/onC.from/toD.to/in

19.NewYear'sevepeopleusuallydon'tgotobeduntilmidnight.

A.AtB.OnC.ForD.In

20.TomandPaulusuallywatchTVweekends.

A.atB.inC.forD./

21.Everydaytheoldmantakesthesechildrenhomeschool.

A.atB.toC.fromD.after

22.Couldyoucometomyoffice________thedayaftertomorrow.

A./B.onC.inD.at

23.Wehadbuiltthreebridgesovertherivertheendof1994.

A.atB.onC.forD.by

24.Lifewillbebetterthe21stcentury.

A.atB.onC.forD.in

25.Doyouoftenworklatenight.

A.atB.inC.forD.during

二.选择最佳答案（表示地点运动方向的介词）.

1.Thereisabridgetheriver.

A.underB.overC.onD.next

2.Therearemanybeautifulbirdsthetree.

A.onB.atC.inD.besides

3.Myhouseisthetwobuildings,sowegetlittlesunshineduringtheday.

A.betweenB.amongC.inD.at

4.LucviswaitingNo.3busstopherfather.

A.for/forB.for/atC.at/forD.at/at

5.Isthereanythinginteresting________today'snewspaper?

A.inB.onC.atD./

6.Canyoutellmewhospokethemeeting?

A.atB.alongC.inD.for

7.Myunclelives______208SmithStreet.

A.atB.onC.toD.with

8.Atlastwereachesthevillagethehill.

A.atthefootofB.atfootC.onfootofD.inthefootfrom

9.Shanghaiis______theeastofChinaandJapanistheeastofChina.

A.to/toB.to/inC.in/toD.in/in

10.________theendo•fthestreetyoucanfindthepostoffice.

A.ByB.AtC.OnD.In

11.Doyouoftenlisten________theprogrammes________theradio.

A.to/ofB.to/inC.to/onD.on/to

12.Pleasewaittheoffice.Don'tcomeinuntilyouarecalled.

A.inB.intoC.insideD.outside

13.AreyougoingtoleaveGuangzhou__________Beijing?

A.forB.toC.fromD.in

14.Thereisaholethewall.

A.inB.atC.forD.towards

15.Canyoutellmetheway______ShanghaiZoo?

A.toB.atC.forD.towards

三.选择最佳答案（注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词）

1.Thankyou_______yourcoming.

A.toB.ofC.byD.for

2.Hespentalongtime______themathsproblem.

A.inB.onC.forD.at

3.MrLiisgoingtohelphim________hisChinesethisafternoon.

A.withB.onC.byD.at

4.Howmuchdidyoupay________thisbook?

A.forB.atC.onD.with

5.Pleasetranslatethesentence______English.

A.intoB.toC.atD.for

6.Pleasefillthebottle_______tea.

A.byB.withC.forD.in

7.Themachinescutbigpiecesofmetal____smallpieces.

A.inB.byC.toD.into

12.Youcanborrowthebook________yourschoollibrary.

A.fromB.toC.forD.at

13.Iprefercoffee_______tea.

A.overB.toC.forD.than

14.Wouldyoushowme________yourfactory?

A.toB.inC.atD.round

15.Helpyourself_______somefish.Ittastesverynice.

A.withB.onC.inD.to

16.Theyhaven?tdecided________thedateforthenextmeeting.

A.forB.byC.inD.on

17.Letmeintroduceher_______you.

A.withB.onC.toD.for

18.LiLingfell_____hisbicyclethismorning

A.onB.downC.offD.to

19.Ishouted______her,butshididn'thearme.

A.toB.atC.onD.for

20.Tomhasmadefriends_____manyChinesestudents.

A.withB.toC.byD.among

四.选择最佳答案（注意介词的习惯用法）

1.Canyoufindouttheanswerthesequestions?

A.ofB.forC.toD.with

2.hishelp,IpassedtheEnglishtestyesterday.

A.UnderB.OfC.WithD.by

3.Don'tforgettobringyourtextbook______you.

A.inBafterC.withD.to

4.Thepeoplearewaiting__