北京市丰台区等5区2024届高三年级下册一模英语试卷(含答案)

北京市丰台区等5区2024届高三下学期一模英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：考号：

一,完形填空

Ihadn'tseenAnneinnearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.

Itwasgreattohaveherhere,1ourlives.

Shewaslookingatthefewblooms（花）leftinmyyard.Ihadn'tplantedmuchafterlosing

myjob.Ithadbeena2yearforme.JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness,it

wouldallcomerushingbackandthe3thingonmymindwasflowers.

“Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof4shesaidandsteadiedherselfnearthelast

roseoftheseason.Ishrugged（耸肩）,wonderingwhyanyonewould5takingtimetolook

atalowlyrose.

Suddenlyahotsongrangfromhercellphone.t6Isetittoremindmetotakemymedicine,“

shesaidcalmly.

“An6formedicine?^^Ilaughed.uArewethatold?”

“Formybrain/9shesmiled."Ihavebeendiagnosedwithararecancer,asmalltumor（肿

块）nobiggerthanyourfingernail/9shelaughedsoftly.ThatwasAnne-ever7Even

cancerwasnomorethanjokingabout.

So8thatIwasbeyondwords.

Laternextday,ane-mailfilledwiththeflowerphotospoppedupfromAnne——clearand

beautiful.Shehadgottenpasttheanger,thepityandunfairness,takingonemomentatatime

andpolishingituntilit9.

Ishiftedmyeyetooutside,andIhadherflowersinfullbloom.Actually,Ialwayshad

them,butitwasAnnewhogotmetoreally10them.

1.A.savingB.watchingC.sharingDecontrolling

2.A.normalB.newC.satisfyingD.difficult

3.A.lastB.sameC.onlyD.right

4.A.yardsB.flowersC.partiesD.people

5.A.botherB.avoidC.missD.stop

6.A.awardB.orderC.alarmD.idea

7.A.optimisticB.attractiveC.hard-workingD.confident

8.A.nervousB.shockedC.relaxedD.lucky

9.A.endedB.failedC.shinedD.fruited

10.A.arrangeB.trustC.colourD.appreciate

二、短文填空

11.Chineserestaurantshaveplayedanimportantroleindifferent①(country)

worldwide,wheretherecanbespecializedversionsofChinesefood.Forexample,General

Tso'schicken,②(name)afterTsoTsung-tang,amilitaryleaderoftheQingDynasty,

iswhatAmericanslovetoeatbecauseitissweet,fried.Obviously,therecipe(3)

(change)alottosuitdifferentregionaltastes,leadingtovariationsinthecookingmethod

used.

12.Beingabletounderstandlocaljokesisoftenseenasagreaticebreakerforaforeign

languagelearner①triestostartfriendshipswithnativespeakers.However,when

②(study)aforeignlanguage,abeginneralwaysconsidersjokeshardtounderstand.

Mostofthetime,jokesareonlyfunnyforpeoplewhoshareaculturalbackgroundor

understandhumorinthesameway.Andthereis(3)(much)tounderstandingajoke

inaforeignlanguagethanunderstandingvocabularyandgrammar.

13.Thedinnerpartyis①threat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumninThe

Times.Youmightwonder,uHowcanthisbe?Don'twethrowpartiesforfriendsonspecial

occasions?^^But②TheTimesworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itis

usuallyhostedinone'shome.Invitations(3)(send)outweeksinadvanceandthe

hostspreparefood(4)(careful).Yetnowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodon

theirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.

三、阅读理解

InThailand,human-elephantconflictisincreasing.Tolocalfarmers,elephantsthreaten

theirsafetyandeconomiclivelihood.

BringtheElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganisationwhosemissionistoincrease

chancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephants

canliveinharmony,beneftingfromeachother'sexistence.BTEH'sprojectsrootinlocal

communities.Theirworkischaracterisedbythreeprinciples:localinvolvement,ahealthy

ecology,andbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously(同时地).Theyleadtoshared

decisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,sustainability,andapeacefulcoexistence

ofpeopleandanimals.

AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowto

maketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothe

farms.AndtheTomYumProjectcomesintobeing.

ThenameoftheTomYumProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.Theingredients(原料)for

thesouparechilli,garlic,lemongrass,andonion-noneofwhichareattractivetoelephants.

Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictin

Thailand.Theprojectworksinthefollowingsteps.

Step1Step2

Thecommunity-mnTomYumWorkingtogether,fannersplant,Regenerative.pesticide-free（无农

TreeNurserycreatesalternativewaterandmaintainalternative药）fiarmingbeneGtsbiodiversity.

cropseedlings._______________crops.

Strp4Strp6

FarmersharvestcropsandcreateConsumersmakeadiflerencebyProfitsareusedtorestore

organicproductsineco-friendlybuyingproductstocreatedemandelephanthabitatandsupportlocal

packaging.forthissolution.farmers.

TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplanting

initiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.Now,somesimilarprojectswillbecarried

outinSriLanka.

14.Accordingtothepassage,BTEH'smissionisto

A.developruralcommunitiesB.createhealthyenvironments

C.improvelocaleconomiclivelihoodD.promotehuman-elephantcoexistence

15.IntheTomYumProject,researchersandlocalfarmers.

A.formsomeguardingteamsB.volunteertocollectingredients

C.experimentwithalternativecropsD.provideelephantswiththeThaisoup

16.Inwhichstepdofarmersturntheharvestedcropsintoorganichoneyorteas?

A.Step2.B.Step3.C.Step4.D.Step5.

Two-ManIronman

OnSept.17,2022,Jeffandhisson,Johnny,setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsofthe

Ironmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming,bicycling

andrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewsteps

becausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy（脑瘫）.Buthisdreamofbeingarunnernever

stopped.

FromthedayJohnnywasbom,Jeffrefusedtolethisson'sdisabilityholdhimback.

DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelped

himengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghis

soninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvesto

runincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronman

competition.JeffwouldactasJohnny'sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhisson

throughouttherace.

Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,Jeffeasedhimselfinto

thewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,Jeff

hadtostrugglewithjellyfish.6aIoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgot

stung（蛰）hesays.

Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheir

sightsonthefinallegoftherace一a26.2-milemarathon.They9dbeencompetingfor10.5

hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclock

tickingdownandworriedtheywouldn'tmakethecutoff.Despitethetiredness,Jeffwas

convincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.

Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline,JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhis

racingchairandhandedhimhisrollingwalker.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywas

determinedtofinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,the

fatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.

AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle."My

fatherdidn'twanthisfinishlinemoment,99saysJohnny,tearsineyes."Hewantedittobe

mine.^^

17.WhydidJeffleadJohnnytorunning?

A.TbgetclosertoJohnny.B.TofulfillJohnny'sdream.

C.TodiscoverJohnny'sinterest.D.TospeedupJohnny'srecovery.

18.WhatchallengedJeffmostintheswimmingrace?

A.Lackofenergy.B.Painfrominjuries.

C.Mentaltiredness.D.Bodyweightchange.

19.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?

A.Strong-willedandgrateful.B.Warm-heartedandsensitive.

C.Patientandgenerous.D.Toughandhumorous.

20.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.

C.Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.

D.Successcomesfromfailuresalongthejourney.

Timeisoneofhumanity'sgreatestblindspots.Weexperienceitasdays,monthsoryears.

Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphases

oftengroupedas"deepHumanity'sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimits

onmodernconservation.Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgently

workingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctioned

whentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.

Takeforestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeven

themildestforestfires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.

Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforestmanagementstrategiesindigenous（土著的）communities

hadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticulartheapplicationofsmall-scalecontrolled

bums.Fire,itturnsout,hasalwaysbeenanintegralingredientinhealthyforestecosystems,

promotingnewgrowthbythinningtheunderstory.Today,we'rebeginningtoseewidespread

applicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.

Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwayis

throughmodemmathematicalmodeling.Wehavemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdata

anddiscoveredapossiblewaytopreservetheecosystemofCalifornia^kelpforest.By

examininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlongbeforethe19thcentury,wefoundthat

we'veignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies-theSteller9sseacow,anditsrolein

maintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem.

Ourmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompeting

forlightandspaceontheseafloor.Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththe

Steller'sseacowaddedin.Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.This

allowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythe

kelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthatincluded

theSteller'sseacow,wecouldseeamorediversefbrestwheretheunderstorycompetedbetter

withkelp

Inshort,whatweassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmay

impedeourabilitytofullyunderstandandprotectit.Toensurethatourboldestconservation

effortsaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool.

21.Accordingtothepassage,whatgetsinthewayofhuman9sconservationefforts?

A.Lackofinsightsintodeeptime

B.Theworseningofbiodiversitycrises

C.Theblindnesstomanagementstrategies.

D.Resistancetotakingadeeptimeperspective.

22.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.IgnoringtheSteller9sseacowledtoecologicalimbalance.

B.Peoplenowprioritizefirepreventionovercontrolledbums.

C.Mathematicalmodelingmattersmorethanindigenousknowledge

D.Harvestingupperkelpleavesencouragesfreshgrowthintheunderstory.

23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impede“inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Bringforth.B.Boostup.C.Shutdown.D.Holdback.

SeveraldozengraduatestudentsinLondonwererecentlytaskedwithoutwittingalarge

languagemodel（LLM）,atypeofAIdesignedtoholdusefulconversations.LLMsareoften

programmedwithguardrailsdesignedtostopthemgivingharmfulreplies:instructionson

makingbombsinabathtub,say,ortheconfidentstatementof“facts“thatarenotactually

true.

Theaimofthetaskwastobreakthoseguardrails.Someresultsweremerelystupid.For

example,oneparticipantgotthechatbottoclaimduckscouldbeusedasindicatorsofair

quality.Butthemostsuccessfuleffortswerethosethatmadethemachineproducethetitles,

publicationdatesandhostjournalsofnon-existentacademicarticles.

AIhasthepotentialtobeabigbenefittoscience.Optimiststalkofmachinesproducing

readablesummariesofcomplicatedareasofresearch;tirelesslyanalysingoceansofdatato

suggestnewdrugsandeven,oneday,comingupwithhypothesesoftheirown.ButAIcomes

withdownsides,too.

Startwiththesimplestproblem:academicmisconduct.Somejournalsallowresearchersto

useLLMstohelpwritepapers.Butnoteverybodyiswillingtoadmittoit.Sometimes,the

factthatLLMshavebeenusedisobvious.GuillaumeCabanac,acomputerscientist,has

uncovereddozensofpapersthatcontainphrasessuchas"regenerateresponse99一thetextof

abuttoninsomeversionsofChatGPTthatcommandstheprogramtorewriteitsmostrecent

answer,probablycopiedintothemanuscript（原稿）bymistake.

AnotherproblemariseswhenAImodelsaretrainedonAi-generateddata.LLMsare

trainedontextfromtheInternet.Astheychurnout（大量炮制）moresuchtext,theriskof

LLMstakingintheirownoutputsgrows.Thatcancause"modelcollapse”.In2023Ilia

Shumailov,acomputerscientist,co-authoredapaperinwhichamodelwasfedhandwritten

digitsandaskedtogeneratedigitsofitsown,whichwerefedbacktoitinturn.Afterafew

cycles,thecomputer'snumbersbecamemoreorlessillegible.After20iterations（迭代），it

couldproduceonlyroughcirclesorblurrylines.

Someworrythatcomputer-generatedinsightsmightcomefrommodelswhoseinner

workingsarenotunderstood.Inexplainablemodelsarenotuseless,saysDavidLeslieatan

Al-researchoutfitinLondon,buttheiroutputswillneedrigoroustestingintherealworld.

Thatisperhapslessunnervingthanitsounds.Checkingmodelsagainstrealityiswhat

scienceissupposedtobeabout,afterall.

Fornow,atleast,questionsoutnumberanswers.Thethreatsthatmachinesposetothe

scientificmethodare,attheendoftheday,thesameonesposedbyhumans.AIcould

acceleratetheproductionofnonsensejustasmuchasitacceleratesgoodscience.Asthe

RoyalSocietyhasit,nulliusinverba:takenobody'swordforit.Nothing's,either.

24.TheresultofthetaskconductedinLondonshowsthat.

A.LLMsgiveawayusefulinformation

B.theguardrailsturnouttobeineffective

C.AI'sinfluencewillpotentiallybedecreased

D.theeffortputintothestudyofAIhardlypaysoff

25.Whatdoes“modelcollapse99indicate?

A.Thereadabilityofthemodels9outputisunderestimated.

B.Thediversesourcesofinformationconfusethemodels.

C.Trainingonregenerateddatastopsmodelsworkingwell.

D.Thedatawillbecomereliableaftercontinuousiterations.

26.Accordingtothepassage,people'sworryovertheinexplainablemodelsis.

A.impracticalB.unjustifiedC.groundlessD.unsettling

27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FasterNonsense:AICouldAlsoGoWrong

B.ImperfectModels:HowWillAIMakeAdvances?

C.TheRiseofLLMs:AICouldStillBePromising

D.BiggerThreats:AIWillBeUncontrollable

Inordertofitinandmakefriendsinanewschool,Amandaobservedhowherclassmates

behavedandinteractedwitheachother.Gradually,sheperfectlyadoptedthemannerisms

oftheclassmatesaroundher,laughingattheirjokes,noddinginagreementwiththeir

opinions,hidingherselfintosomeoneshethoughtotherswantedhertobe.We'vealldone

these.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofholdingbackorhidingournaturalwayof

interactingwithotherssowecanfeelaccepted.

Inaworldthatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwonderwhymanyofusrely

onsocialmasking."Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,

sayspsychologistDiptiTait."It'satribal(群体的)thingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeing

onourown.Weallhavecertainmaskstoprotectourselvesfromexposureanddifference.99

Whilemaskingcanhelpusdealwithsocialsituations,itcanalsocomewithnegative

consequences.Hidingourbehavioursandinterestsconstantlycanleadtoastrongfeelingof

separation,disconnection,andinternalconflict.Asaresult,wemayexperienceaheightened

andincreasedpossibilityofdevelopingdepressionaswestruggletounderstandsocial

situationsandsignsthatotherstakeforgranted.

Fortunately,amaskisnotourownskin.Wemayfeelextremelytiredaftersocial

engagementsandwanttospendtimealoneinordertofeellikeourselves."Thegoalistofeel

safeenoughtoremovethemask,“saysTait."It'scrucialforindividualstoreceiveacceptance

andsupportforwhotheyare,ratherthanfeelingliketheyneedtohidetheirtrueselvesin

ordertofitin.”

28.Whatissocialmasking?

29.Whydomanyofusrelyonsocialmasking?

30.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

Whenpeoplestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsthatothersconsidernormal,theywill

feellessdepressed.

31.Inadditiontomasking,whatelsecanyoudotofitinwhenyouareinanew

environment?(Inabout40words)

四、七选五

32.“Findyourpassion!"Whendiscussingfuturecareeroptionsorselectingamajorin

college,yourparentsoftensaythis.Theveryexpressionismeanttoinspire.Butisitgood

advice?

“Finding”apassionimpliesthatitalreadyexistsandissimplywaitingtobediscovered.

Unfortunately,thisideaisnotwhatsciencetellsus.①

Tostudythis,researchersuseaframeworkof“fixed"and"growth“mindsets.Theyargue

thatencouragingpeopleto"find"theirpassionmaycausethemtoeventuallybelievethat

interestsandpassionsareinbornandrelativelyunchangeable.②Incontrast,people

whoviewinterestsandpassionsasdevelopedhaveagrowthmindsetofinterest.

Researchershaverevealedthatafixedmindsetofinterestcandecreasecreativity.Ifpeople

believetheyarelimitedtoonlyafewinborninterestsand,inconsequence,donotexplore

otherareas,theymaymissseeingimportantconnectionsacrossdomains.(3)

Evidently,peoplecandoalottoembraceagrowthmindsetofinterest.First,realizethat

yourinterestsandpassionsaren'tpre-existing.Takeanactiveroleindevelopingyour

passions.Second,practisepositiveself-talk.Whenyoulackinterestinanewtask,pay

attentiontoyourinnerdialogue.(4)Forexample,change"I'mnotinterestedinthis”

to"I'mnotinterestedinthisyet,butIknowthatinterestcandevelopwithtimeand

engagement.99

⑤Butagrowthmindsetofinterestwillhelpyouremainopenandcurious.The

sciencetellsusweshouldworktowardlovingwhatwedo.Wemightbecomemorecreative

andresilientasaresult.

A.Socanagrowthmindsetofinterestbetaught?

B.Insteadpassions,likeinterests,aredeveloped.

C.Peoplewhothinkthishaveafixedmindsetofinterest.

D.Ofcourse,noteveryactivitywillbecomeaburningpassion.

E.Assuch,seeinginterestsasfixedlimitstheircreativepotential.

F.Don'texpectthatpursuingnewinterestswillalwaysbeeasyorexciting.

GReplaceself-criticalthoughtswithpositiveonesthatencouragegrowthandlearning.

五、书面表达

33.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris想了解不同颜色在中国文

化中的涵义。请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容包括：

1.颜色及其涵义；

2.生活中的实例。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

DearChris,

Yours,

LiHua

参考答案

1.答案：C

解析：

2.答案：D

解析：

3.答案：A

解析：

4.答案：B

解析：

5.答案：A

解析：

6.答案：C

解析：

7.答案：A

解析：

8.答案：B

解析：

9.答案：C

解析：

10.答案：D

11.答案：countries;named;haschanged/changes

解析：

12.答案：who;studying;more

解析：

13.答案：under;what;aresent;ca