浙江省宁波市三锋教研联盟2023-2024学年高二年级下册4月期中英语含解析

2023学年高二年级第二学期宁波三锋教研联盟期中联考

英语试题

考生须知：

1.本卷共8页满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数

字。

3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。

选择题部分

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅

读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.WhatwillChrisdonext?

A.WatchtheWorldCup.B.Drinksomecoffee.C.Gotosleep.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.

3.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetotheman'ssuggestion?

A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Negative.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?

A.He*sunwillingtostudy.B.He'ssmartforhisage.C.He'sdifficulttogetalongwith.

5.WhatdidKevindoyesterday?

A.Hewentswimming.B.Hecleaneduphishouse.C.Hetalkedwithhisgrandparents.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小

题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whoisarrangingthemeeting?

A.Peter.B.David.C.Janet.

7.Whendoesthemanprefertohavethemeeting?

A.ThisFriday.B.ThisWednesday.C.NextMonday.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Travelexperiences.B.Vacationplans.C.Favoriteseasons.

9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Gotothebeach.B.Findasummerjob.C.MovetoWashington.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.WhatdoesthenewssayaboutbigonlinespendersintheUS?

A.Thenumberofthemgrowsslowly.

B.Therearemorementhanwomen.

C.Theymakeuphalfofallshoppers.

11.HowmuchdidAmericansspendshoppingonlinelastyear?

A.$990billion.B.$1,500billion.C.$453billion.

12.WhatdidGeorgebuyonlinelastSunday?

A.Anadventurenovel.B.Asoftwarepackage.C.AnotebyMarkTwain.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.WhathasRichardbeendoing?

A.Visitingamuseum.B.WatchingTV.C.Studying.

14.WhydoesSusancallRichard?

A.Toaskforhelp.B.Togivethanks.C.Tomakeanappointment.

15.WhatdoesSusanwanttodo?

A.Seeanexhibition.B.Buyanewcellphone.C.Takepicturesofthesnow.

16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?

A.Attendaparty.B.Gotoapark.C.Playfootball.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Wheredidthespeakerlearnaboutcollege?

A.Fromthemovies.B.Fromherfamily.C.Fromthebooks.

18.Whathelpedchangethespeaker'sattitudetowardsstudy?

A.Hergraduateprogram.B.Herprofessor'sadvice.C.HertriptoAfrica.

19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelwhenshetalksaboutherpastexperiences?

A.Relieved.B.Grateful.C.Regretful.

20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?

A.Highschoolstudents.B.Collegeteachers.C.Conservationworkers.

第二部分

阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

TherearemanygreatindependentbookstoresinNorthCarolina.Ifyou'relookingforsomegoodbooksto

read,youcanvisitthebookstoreslistedbelow.

PurpleCrowBooks

IfsaliterarymeetingplacerightinhistoricdowntownHillsborough.Itwasopenedin2009.Youcanfind

newbooks,usedonesorthelatestworksbylocalauthors.Becauseitspecializesinlocalwriters,PurpleCrow

Booksisafavoritetouristdestination.It'sagreatplacetograbasignedcopyofabookbyyourfavoritelocal

author.

109WestKingStreet,Hillsborough,NC27278

QuailRidgeBooks

Thisisanindependentbookstorewithfriendlystaffdedicatedto（致力于）providingthebestcustomer

service.Foundedin1984byNancyOlson,thestoreprovidesawidevarietyofcarefullyselectedbooks,events,

discussiongroupsandtownhallmeetings.TheownerLisaPooleboughtthestorein2013andisdedicatedto

servingthelocals.

4209-100LassiterMillRoad,Raleigh,NC27609

PomegranateBooks

ThisbookstoreislocatedinthehistoricBorkenhagenHouseintheWinterParkneighborhoodofWilmington,

NorthCarolina.Ithasbeenfindinggoodhomesforgreatbookssince2005.Itstocksacarefullyselected

collectionofliteraryandlife-enhancingtitlesforallagesandalsofeatureslocally-madecardsandgiftitems.

4418ParkAve,Wilmington,NC28403

ScuppernongBooks

ThisbookstorewasopenedonDecember21,2013andhasbeenanimportantpartoftherebirthofdowntown

Greensboroeversince.Itfeaturesfictionandpoetryalongwitharemarkablechildren'ssectionandabroadrange

ofgeneralinteresttitles.Withinthestoreisabusycafeservingcoffee,wine,andbeersourcedprimarilyfrom

localsmallbusinesses.

304SouthElmStreet,Greensboro,NC27401

1.WhatisspecialaboutPurpleCrowBooks?

A.Itholdsvariousreadingactivities.B.Itmainlysellsbooksbylocalwriters.

C.Itfocusesonsellingsecond-handbooks.D.Itissupportedbylocalsmallbusinesses.

2.Whichbookstorehasthelongesthistory?

A.QuailRidgeBooks.B.PurpleCrowBooks.

C.PomegranateBooks.D.ScuppernongBooks.

3.WhowouldprefertovisitScuppernongBooks?

A.Peoplelovingnon-fictionbooks.B.Peoplelikinghandmadecardsandgifts.

C.Peopleenjoyingaveryquietenvironment.D.Peoplefondofbuyingcollectionsofpoetry.

【答案】l.B2.A3.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四家独立书店的情况。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据PurpleCrowBooks部分中uBecauseitspecializesinlocalwriters,PurpleCrowBooksisa

favoritetouristdestination.Ifsagreatplacetograbasignedcopyofabookbyyourfavoritelocalauthor.（因为

它专门研究当地作家作品，紫鸦书店是一个很受欢迎的旅游目的地。在这里你可以买到你最喜欢的当

地作家的签名书。）”可知，PurpleCrowBooks的特别之处在于主要卖本地作家的书。故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据PurpleCrowBooks部分中“Itwasopenedin2009.（它于2009年开业。）“；QuailRidge

Books部分中“Foundedin1984byNancyOlson,thestoreprovidesawidevarietyofcarefullyselectedbooks,

events,discussiongroupsandtownhallmeetings.（这家书店由南希•奥尔森于1984年创立，提供各种精心

挑选的书籍、活动、讨论小组和市政厅会。）"；PomegranateBooks部分中hasbeenfindinggood

homesforgreatbookssince2005.（自2005年以来，它一直在为伟大的书籍寻找好去处。）”以及

ScuppernongBooks部分中“ThisbookstorewasopenedonDecember21,2013andhasbeenanimportantpart

oftherebirthofdowntownGreensboroeversince.（这家书店于2013年12月21日开业，自那以后一直是格

林斯博罗市中心重生的重要组成部分。）”可知，QuailRidgeBooks的历史最悠久。故选A。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据ScuppemongBooks部分中“Itfeaturesfictionandpoetryalongwitharemarkable

children'ssectionandabroadrangeofgeneralinteresttitles.（它的特色是小说和诗歌，以及一个引人注目的

儿童部分和广泛的一般兴趣标题。）”可知，喜欢买诗集的人更愿意参观ScuppemongBooks。故选D。

B

IwassurfingtheInternet,planningforour15th-anniversarytripwhenaperfectspotattractedme:TheShire

ofMontana,a"hobbithouse”,whichJimmyhusbandhaddreamedabout.Iknewhe'dbeimpressed.Andoursix-

year-olddaughter,Aurora,wouldlikeit,too.IwasabouttobookourreservationwhenIsawanoteonthe

website:Nokidsallowed.Thatruinedeverything!

Luckily,therewasanemailaddressonthesite.Ipluckedupthecouragetocontacttheowner.Soon,areply

arrived,saying,"Ifyoupromisethatyourdaughterisresponsibleandwillnottouch,shecancome.^^Iwas

relieved,thinkingAurorawasagoodkid."Thiswillbeokay,^^Iwroteback.

Thedayfinallyarrived.Wepiledintothecar.Icouldn'thelpbeingexcited,imaginingJimandAurora's

reactions.Wepassedasignthatread,uTheadventurebegins…"TurningontotheHobbitLane,Ifeltapangof

anxiety.Assoonaswegotoutofthecar,IpulledAuroraaside.""Childrenaren'tusuallyallowedhere,^^Isaid."So

youhavetobevery,verycareful.Youcanlookateverything,butdon'ttouch."Iexplainedtheruleandhow

terribleitwouldbetodamageanything.Aurora'seyeswidenedatmyno-nonsensetone."Ipromise,she

said.

Obviously,myconcernwassuperfluous.WespentseveraldaysatTheShire.Aurorawasdelightedateach

discoverybutsheneverdisturbedathing.Shetookherresponsibilitytoprotecttheowner'sworkseriously.It

turnedoutthatrespectingboundariesdidn'ttakeawaythebeautyandwonder,itallowedTheShiretoremain

beautifulandwonderfulintothefuture.

Notsodifferentfromamarriage,Ithought.NowIunderstoodwhywewenttothisplacetocelebrateour

fifteenthanniversary.JimandImovedthroughlifesidebysideasacouple,andwe'dlearnedtoaccepteach

other9sindividualityandboundariesaswell.Marriageisfullofsurprises,challengesandadventures.Thekeyto

makingitworkisrespectingeachother.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Theauthormetaproblemwhileplanningatrip.

B.Theauthorandherhusbandhadbeenmarriedfor6years.

C.Auroradidn'twanttotakeatriptoTheShireofMontana.

D.Thetripwasruinedbecausetheauthordidn'treservearoom.

5.Whydidtheauthorfeelapangofanxiety?

A.Shefeltitaburdentotakecareofherdaughter.

B.Shedoubtedifherdaughterwouldbehavewell.

C.Sheworriedherdaughterwouldn'tbeadmitted.

D.Shewasn'tsurewhetherherhusbandwouldliketheplace.

6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“superfluous“inparagraph4?

A.considerableB.importantC.unnecessaryD.common

7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthetext?

A.Don'tgiveupuntilyoutryyourbest.

B.Goodrolemodelsareessentialforteachingkids.

C.Respectcontributestoahappyandlastingmarriage.

D.Obeyingtherulesisimportantwhendealingwithpeople.

【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人外出度假，女儿表现良好，让作者意识到了互相

尊重适用于亲子和婚姻关系。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"IwasabouttobookourreservationwhenIsawanoteonthewebsite:Nokids

allowed.Thatruinedeverything!（我正要预订座位时，在网站上看到一条告示：儿童不得入内。那毁了一

切！）”可知，作者在计划旅行时遇到了一个问题。故选A。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Wepassedasignthatread,“Theadventurebegins...”TurningontotheHobbit

Lane,Ifeltapangofanxiety.Assoonaswegotoutofthecar,IpulledAuroraaside.（"Childrenaren'tusually

allowedhere,“Isaid."Soyouhavetobevery,verycareful.Youcanlookateverything,butdon'ttouch.^^I

explainedtheruleandhowterribleitwouldbetodamageanything.（我们经过一块牌子，上面写着：“冒险开

始了……”拐进霍比特人巷，我感到一阵焦虑。我们一下车，我就把奥罗拉到一边。“这里通常不允许

孩子进来，”我说。“所以你必须非常非常小心。你可以看所有的东西，但不要碰。"我解释了规则，

以及损坏任何东西会有多可怕）”可知，作者感到一阵焦虑是因为她怀疑她的女儿是否会表现良好。故选

B„

6题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“WespentseveraldaysatTheShire.Aurorawasdelightedateachdiscoverybut

sheneverdisturbedathing.Shetookherresponsibilitytoprotecttheowner?sworkseriously.Itturnedoutthat

respectingboundariesdidn'ttakeawaythebeautyandwonder,itallowedTheShiretoremainbeautifuland

wonderfulintothefuture.（我们在夏尔待了几天。爱洛对每一个发现都很高兴，但她从不打扰任何事情。她

认真对待保护业主作品的责任。事实证明，尊重边界并没有带走美丽和奇迹，它让夏尔在未来保持美丽

和精彩）”可知，作者的女儿表现良好，所以作者的担心是不必要的。由此可知，划线词意思是“不必要

的”。故选C。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“JimandImovedthroughlifesidebysideasacouple,andwe'dlearnedtoaccept

eachother5sindividualityandboundariesaswell.Marriageisfullofsurprises,challengesandadventures.The

keytomakingitworkisrespectingeachother.（吉姆和我作为一对夫妻并肩度过了一生，我们也学会了接受

彼此的个性和界限。婚姻充满了惊喜、挑战和冒险。维系关系的关键在于相互尊重）”可推知，作者想要

表达的是尊重有助于幸福和持久的婚姻。故选C。

C

Theage-oldchoreofdustingcouldsoonbeathingofthepast.Scientistsaredeveloping"sel「cleaning”

surfacesthatmakedustparticlesunabletosticktothem.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustinsay

theparticlesinsteadsticktoeachotherandsimplyrolloffthesurfaceswithnothingmorethantheassistanceof

gravity.

Thescientistsalteredthegeometry（几何构造）offlatsurfacesatalevelinvisibletohumaneyes.Theteam

madeatightly-packednanoscale（纳米级）networkofpyramid-shapedstructuresonthesurfaceswhichmadeit

difficultfordustparticlestosticktothematerial.Instead,theparticlessticktoeachotherbeforerollingoffthe

materialduetogravity.

Thestudy,fundedbyagrant（拨款）fromNASA'sSmallBusinessInnovationResearchprogram,testedthe

materialbypilinglunardustontheirengineeredsurfacesbeforeturningthemontheirsides.Theteamfoundthat

justtwopercentofthesurfaceremaineddusty,comparedwithmorethan35percentofanunalteredsmooth

surface.Thenewsurfacecouldprovideapassivesolutiontoremovingdust,asopposedtomoreactivemethods

likeusingwipersandfluidtocleardustfromacarwindscreen.

“Whatwe'vedemonstratedhereisasurfacethatcancleanitself,95saysleadstudyauthorChih-HaoChang.

（"Particulatesaren'tabletosticktothesurface,sotheycomeoffusingjusttheforceofgravity.^^

Studyauthorshopethematerialprovidesasolutiontospacedust,whichcanbeextremelyharmfulinsucha

high-riskenvironmentandisalmostimpossibletocleanout.Spacedusthaspreviouslycausedgreatdamageto

NASA'shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandhasevencausedroversonMarstomalfunctionandfhil.“There's

notmuchyoucandoaboutlunardustinspace——itstickstoeverythingandthere?snorealwaytowipeitoff/'says

SamuelLee,aleadauthorofthestudy.46DustonsolarpanelsofMarsroverscancausethemto

However,theresearchersalsobelievethediscoverycouldproveusefulonEarth,preventingsolarpanels

fromcollectingdustandlosingefficiency.Thesesurfacesmayevenprotectourscreensandwindowsfrom

irritatingdust.

8.Howdidthescientistsaltertheflatsurfaces?

A.Byputtingthinpaintonthem.B.Bycreatingaspecialnetworkonthem.

C.Bymakingparticlessticktoeachother.D.Bymakingtheminvisibletohumaneyes.

9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesurfacesafterthetest?

A.Over35%ofthesurfacesweredusty.

B.Justtwopercentofthesurfacesremaineddusty.

C.Thesurfacesstillneededtobecleanedwithwipersandfluid.

D.Thesurfacesattractedmoredustparticlesthancommonones.

10.WhydoestheauthormentionNASA'shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandroversonMars?

A.Toshowthematerialcanbeveryhelpful.B.Toproveirritatingdustexistseverywhere.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofspaceexploration.D.ToexplainwhyNASAsupportedtheresearch.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Dustthreatenedmissionsinspace.B.Scientistsdevelopedself-cleaningsurfaces.

C.Self-cleaningsurfacesprovedusefulonEarth.D.ScientistsdevelopedamaterialforroversonMars.

【答案】8.B9,B10.A11.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员开发了一种可以自我清洁的表面，解释了其工作原

理以及测试情况和未来的应用。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Theteammadeatightly-packednanoscale（纳米级）networkofpyramid-shaped

structuresonthesurfaceswhichmadeitdifficultfordustparticlestosticktothematerial.（该团队在表面制作了

一个金字塔形结构的紧密排列的纳米级网络，这使得灰尘颗粒很难粘在材料上）”可知，科学家们通过建

立一个特殊的网络改变平面。故选B。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Theteamfoundthatjusttwopercentofthesurfaceremaineddusty,comparedwith

morethan35percentofanunalteredsmoothsurface.（研究小组发现，只有2%的表面仍有灰尘，而未改变的

光滑表面有超过35%的灰尘）”可知，测试后，只有2%的表面仍有灰尘。故选B。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Studyauthorshopethematerialprovidesasolutiontospacedust,whichcanbe

extremelyharmfulinsuchahigh-riskenvironmentandisalmostimpossibletocleanout.Spacedusthas

previouslycausedgreatdamagetoNASA'shumanspaceflightApollomissionsandhasevencausedroverson

Marstomalfunctionandfail.（研究作者希望这种材料能为太空尘埃提供解决方案，太空尘埃在这样一个高

风险的环境中是极其有害的，而且几乎不可能清除。此前，太空尘埃对美国宇航局的阿波罗载人航天任

务造成了巨大损害，甚至导致火星上的漫游者发生故障和失败）”可知，作者提到美国宇航局的载人航天

阿波罗任务和火星探测器是为了展示材料会很有帮助。故选Ao

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段"Theage-oldchoreofdustingcouldsoonbeathingofthepast.Scientistsare

developing"selRcleaning“surfacesthatmakedustparticlesunabletosticktothem.Researchersfromthe

UniversityofTexasatAustinsaytheparticlesinsteadsticktoeachotherandsimplyrolloffthesurfaceswith

nothingmorethantheassistanceofgravity.（打扫灰尘这种由来已久的苦差事可能很快就会成为过去。科学家

们正在开发一种“自清洁”表面，使灰尘颗粒无法附着在表面上。德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员

说，这些粒子相互粘在一起，只是在重力的帮助下从表面滚下来）”结合文章主要说明了研究人员开发了

一种可以自我清洁的表面，解释了其工作原理以及测试情况和未来的应用。可知，这篇文章的主旨是科

学家开发了自清洁表面。故选B。

D

Whentemperaturesclimb,manypeoplereachforice-coldbeverages（饮料）tocooldown.Butothersputthe

kettleon:Hotteaisago-tobeverageyear-roundincountriessuchasBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia.

Manypeoplefindhottearefreshingonhotdays.Canhotdrinksreallycoolyoudownonahotday?

AccordingtoPeterMcNaughton,aprofessoratKing'sCollegeLondonwhostudiesthermoregulation（温度

调节）,hotdrinksreallycancoolyoudown.4<Itseemstotallycounterintuitive（反直觉的，违反直觉的）J

McNaughtonsaid."Drinkingahotdrinkreallydoesmakeyoudropyourtemperatureififsnottoohumidout.^^

“Ifadrinkiswarmerthanyourbodyatfirst,obviously,thatdrinkmakesyouhotter,McNaughtonsaid.But

humans,likeallwarmbloodedanimals,areconstantlyadjustingtomaintainaconsistentinternaltemperature.

McNaughtonfoundthathotdrinksactivateareceptor（接受器）inournervescalledTRPV1,whichtellsthebody

itneedstocooldown.Inresponse,humanssweat.

“Sweatpoolingonskinisuncomfortable,butaddabreezeorafan,andtheairblowingpasthelpssweat

evaporate（蒸发），takingheatwithit,“McNaughtonsaid."Ingeneral,yourlifedependsonsweating.Sweating

canhelphumanssurviveinsomeofthehighesttemperaturesdocumentedonEarth,atleastindryheat.Sweatis

lesseffectiveinhighhumiditybecausetheairisalreadyfullofwatervaporandcan'tabsorbasmuchfromthe

skin,thafswhyinhighhumidity,thesurvivabletemperatureismuchlower.”

A2012studyinthejournalActaPhysiologicafoundthatwhensweatfullyevaporates,hotdrinkscanhelp

coolpeopleoffoverall,atleasttemporarily.Thatstudylookedatcyclistsbikingquicklyenoughtocreatetheir

ownbreezeinaclimatewithnohumidity:idealconditionsforsweatevaporation.

Inthereverseeffect,colddrinkslowerbodytemperaturesandthenmakethebrainreducesweatinginorder

tobringbodytemperaturebacktoitsbaseline.A2018papersuggeststhatwithlesswind,morehumidity,orother

barrierstoeffectivesweating-liketheheavyclothingwornbyfirefighters-itmaymakemoresensetocooloff

bydrinkingcrushedice.

12.WhatdoweknowaboutpeopleinBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia?

A.Theylikeice-coldbeveragesonhotdays.

B.Theyfavorhotteaovercolddrinksyear-round.

C.Theydoubtwhetherhotteacanhelpcoolthemdown.

D.Theybelieveice-coldbeveragesareharmfultotheirhealth.

13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?

A.TRPV1helpsadjustbloodtemperature.B.Bloodhelpsaddheattothehumanbody.

CSweatinghelpsincreaseourbodytemperature.D.TRPV1sendssignalsrelatedtobodytemperature.

14.WhydoestheauthorquoteMcNaughton'swordsaboutsweatingparagraph4?

A.Toshowthedangerofhighhumidity.B.Torevealwhysomepeoplesweatmore.

C.Totellusaboutthefunctionofsweating.D.Todisplayhowpeoplesurviveextremeheat.

15.Whatcanweconcludeafterreadingthetext?

A.Drinkingenoughwaterbenefitsourbodies.

B.Weshouldavoidcoldwaterinhighhumidity.

C.Hotwatercoolsusdownbetterthancoldwater.

D.Hotdrinkshelpcoolthebodyundercertainconditions.

【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明喝热饮可以有助于身体降温，解释了其中的原理。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第——段“Butothersputthekettleon:Hotteaisago-tobeverageyear-roundincountriessuch

asBangladesh,China,JapanandSaudiArabia.（但也有人把水壶打开：在孟加拉国、中国、日本和沙特阿拉

伯等国家，热茶是全年的必备饮料。）”可知，孟加拉国、中国、日本和沙特阿拉伯的人全年都喜欢热茶

而不是冷饮。故选B。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段"McNaughtonfoundthathotdrinksactivateareceptor（接受器）inournervescalled

TRPV1,whichtellsthebodyitneedstocooldown.Inresponse,humanssweat.（麦克诺顿发现，热饮会激活我

们神经中的一种名为TRPV1的受体，它会告诉身体需要降温。作为回应，人类会出汗。）”可知，

TRPV1发送与体温有关的信号。故选D。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“"Sweatpoolingonskinisuncomfortable,butaddabreezeorafan,andtheair

blowingpasthelpssweatevaporate（蒸发），takingheatwithit,“McNaughtonsaid."Ingeneral,yourlifedepends

onsweating.SweatingcanhelphumanssurviveinsomeofthehighesttemperaturesdocumentedonEarth,atleast

indryheat.Sweatislesseffectiveinhighhumiditybecausetheairisalreadyfullofwatervaporandcan'tabsorb

asmuchfromtheskin,thafswhyinhighhumidity,thesurvivabletemperatureismuchlower.5,（麦克诺顿说：

“汗水聚集在皮肤上是不舒服的，但吹过的风或风扇会帮助汗水蒸发，带走热量。总的来说，你的生活

取决于出汗。出汗可以帮助人类在地球上有记录的一些最高温度下生存，至少在干热的情况下。汗液在

高湿度条件下效果较差，因为空气中已经充满了水蒸气，不能从皮肤上吸收那么多，这就是为什么在高

湿度条件下，生存温度要低得多。“）”可知，作者在第4段引用了McNaughton关于出汗的话是为了告

诉我们出汗的功能。故选C。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"A2012studyinthejournalActaPhysiologicafoundthatwhensweatfully

evaporates,hotdrinkscanhelpcoolpeopleoffoverall,atleasttemporarily.（2012年发表在《生理学学报》上

的一项研究发现，当汗液完全蒸发后，热饮可以帮助人们整体降温，至少是暂时的。）”可推知，在某些

情况下，热饮有助于身体降温。故选D。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Gettingupearlyisactuallythesecrettothesuccessofmanypeople.16

Itmayimproveyourcognitive（认知的）function.

Peoplewhogetupearlyinthemorningcanconcentratebetter,aremoreattentive,andstayenergized

throughouttheday.17Therefore,focusingonimportanttasksearlierwillallowyoutomakebetter

decisionsthanpeoplewhoworklater.A2010HarvardUniversitystudyfoundthatmorningpeoplehavebetter

problem-solvingskills,getbettergradesinschool,andlandhigher-payingjobs.

Ithelpsyousleepbetter.

Wakingupearlymakesgoingtobedearliereasierandhelpsyougetconsistentsleepandwake

time.18Gettingadequatesleepmayloweryourbloodpressure,boostyourmood,aswellasimprove

yourbrainfunction.Peoplewhotendtobenightowlsaremorelikelytofeeltiredanddevelopsleepdisorders.

Itgivesyoumoretimetoeatbreakfast.

19Afterall,foodisthefuelpeopleneedtofeelenergizedandreadytofacetheworld.Justdrinking

acupofcoffeeatthedrive-throughwillnotgiveyouwhatyouneed.Enjoyanutritiousbreakfastofhealthybread

rollsoryogurtandfruittostartyourdayoffright.

Itgivesyoumoretimeforyourself.

Wakingupearlyallowsyoutowatchthesunriseandhavequiettimeathome.Self-careisvitallyimportant,

sotakethistimetoenjoyyourcoffee,takeyourdogforalongwalk,writeyourshoppinglist,orjusttakesome

extrametime.Peoplegenerallythinkitisdifficulttogetmoretimeforthemselves.20

A.Trygoingtothegymorrunningfirstinthemorning.

B.People'sbrainsaremorealert（灵敏的）inthemorning.

C.Nothingstartsadaybetterthaneatingahealthybreakfast.

D.Thishelpstoregulateyourbodyclockandleadstobettersleep.

E.Checkoutthesefourgoodreasonstowakeupearlyinthemorning.

F.Herearefourmethodsthatwillhelpyoustartyourdayfeelingrelaxed.

G.However,settingyouralarmclockearlierwillgiveyouthegiftofextratime.

【答案】16.E17.B18.D19.C20.G

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了四个早起的理由。

【16题详解】

根据上文"Gettingupearlyisactuallythesecrettothesuccessofmanypeople.（早起其实是很多人成功的秘

诀）”结合后文论述了早起的四个理由，故E选项“看看这四个早起的好理由”符合语境，故选E。

【17题详解】

根据上文uPeoplewhogetupearlyinthemorningcanconcentratebetter,aremoreattentive,andstayenergized

throughouttheday.（早起的人可以更好地集中注意力，更专注，一整天都保持精力充沛）”可知，上文提到

早起的人注意力更集中，说明大脑在早上更加灵敏，故B选项“人们的大脑在早上更灵敏”符合语境,

故选B。

【18题详解】

根据上文“Wakingupearlymakesgoingtobedearliereasierandhelpsyougetconsistentsleepandwake

time.（早起可以让你更容易早睡，帮助你获得一致的睡眠和醒来时间）”以及后文"Gettingadequatesleep

mayloweryourbloodpressure,boostyourmood,aswellasimproveyourbrainfunction.Peoplewhotendtobe

nightowlsaremorelikelytofeeltiredanddevelopsleepdisorders.（充足的睡眠可以降低你的血压，改善你的

情绪，以及改善你的大脑功能。夜猫子的人更容易感到疲劳，患上睡眠障碍）”可知，上文提到了早起帮

助你获得一致的睡眠和醒来时间，后文提到了充足睡眠的好处，可知本句承接上文，继续说明早起带来

的好处，故D选项“这有助于调节你的生物钟，从而获得更好的睡眠”符合语境，故选D。

【19题详解】

根据后文“Afterall,foodisthefuelpeopleneedtofeelenergizedandreadytofacetheworld.Justdrinkinga

cupofcoffeeatthedrive-throughwillnotgiveyouwhatyouneed.Enjoyanutritiousbreakfastofhealthybread

rollsoryogurtandfruittostartyourdayoffright.（毕竟，食物是人们感到精力充沛、准备好面对世界所需要

的燃料。仅仅在汽车餐厅喝杯咖啡并不能满足你的需要。享受一顿营养丰富的早餐，健康的面包卷或酸

奶和水果，开始你的一天）”可知，后文主要论述了早起可以更好地享受早餐。故C选项“没有什么比吃

一顿健康的早餐更好的开始新的一天了”符合语境，故选C。

【20题详解】

根据上文“Wakingupearlyallowsyoutowatchthesunriseandhavequiettimeathome.Self-careisvitally

important,sotakethistimetoenjoyyourcoffee,takeyourdogforalongwalk,writeyourshoppinglist,orjust

takesomeextrametime.Peoplegenerallythinkitisdifficulttogetmoretimeforthemselves.（早起可以让你看

日出，在家里有一段安静的时间。自我照顾是非常重要的，所以利用这段时间来享受你的咖啡，带你的

狗去散步，写你的购物清单，或者只是给自己一些额外的时间。人们普遍认为很难为自己争取更多的时

间）