高中英语重要语法讲解

高中英语重要语法讲解

必修一：定语从句

必修二：情态动词，虚拟语气。

必修三：名词性从句。

必修四：直、间接引语、倒装句

It的句型，分词的用法，不定式，非谓语动词，动词时态，with的复合结构

定语从句

1.定语从句的结构及理解

2.定语从句的关系词的使用

3.定语从句的简化表达

知识总结归纳

（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词

的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代

词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内

容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。先

行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。

结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.

2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeans

money.

3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedona

commontheme.

4.Theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsin

theriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.

5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingsthey

haveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.

6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.

（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：

限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完

整，从句与先行词紧密相连。

非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemeters

deep.

3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.

4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoften

maketheaudienceapplaud.

（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用

which或whom.

1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerof

thecompany.

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyremembered

thescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.

知识重点与难点

(-)当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all,no,only等形式时，关

系代词一般用that,而不能用whicho

1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.

2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.

(二)当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when,where,why还有which,

that

1.TmverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.

2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.

3.1thinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn'ttellthetruthtome.

4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.

(三)定语从句的简化表达：

1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：

1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing

短语，done短语，beingdone短语,tobedone短语修饰。其结构和意思如下:

1.被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做.…的人/正在发生的事。

2.被修饰名词+done短语：被…的人/事

3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语：正在被…的人/事

4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语：将要被.….的人/事

(1)Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?

(2)The“crazy"gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means

“youhaveaphonecall“inBrazil.

(3)Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?

(4)Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.

(5)Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.

(6)GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.

(7)TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahuge

dragon.

总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定

语。

1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定

语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

2.分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed

表示被动意义。beingdone表示正在被做的

3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的，t。bedone表示将要被做的

【典型例题】

[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,playsanimportantroleinpeople'slives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it

分析：playsanimportantroleinpeople飞lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词

Friendship用which连接定语从句。

答案：A

[例2]UncleLiIworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.

A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom

分析：Iworkedthreeyearsago作为定语从句修饰先行词UncleLi,从句完整

的表达是：IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以关系词前应加上介词with。

答案：C

[例3]Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

分析：定语从句atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修饰先行词the

reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。

答案：A

[例4]Teachers,workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose

分析：非限定性定语从句workisratherhard修饰先行词teachers,它与从句中

的work是从属关系，关系词用whose

答案：D

[例5]TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn'tincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying

分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。in

776BC做定语修饰TheOlympicGames,指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。

答案：C

H列6JThehousesfortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.

A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt

分析：根据句意房子即将开工。fortheteachersandtheconstructionworkftW

Thehouses应为ThehousesThehouses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。

答案：B

[例7]Howmanyofus,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthe

discussion?

A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended

分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少

人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修饰Howmany

ofus做定语。与全句动作同步.

答案：B

H列8]Shehasthreechildren,isworkinginAustralia.

A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem

分析：非限定性定语从句_isworkinginAustralia修饰先行词threechildren,根据

从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。

答案：B

【模拟试题】

1.Susanistheverygirlthegooddeed.

A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid

C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid

2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoneyhecouldbuyatrainticket.

A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich

3.Thebookhedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.

A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich

4.ThedaycamefinallyIwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.

A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich

5.1.Don'tyouthinkthequestiontomorrowisofgreatimportance.

A.beingdiscussedB.discussed

C.tobediscussedD.todiscuss

6.Thefoodatthemomentisforthedinnerparty.

A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked

7.Doyouknowtheteacherunderthebigtree?

A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingread

【试题答案】

1.CSusan正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词theverygirl在从句中做think

的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句didthegooddeed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom

2.C定语从句hecouldbuyatrainticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车

票。关系词前面需要加介词：with

3.C定语从句hedevotedmuchtime意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书

上了。devote….tosth.关系词前加介词：to

4.A定语从句Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay修饰先行词theday：

先行词theday在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。

5.C短语tomorrow做定语修饰thequestion,根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨

论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。

6.D短语atthemoment做Ihefood的定语，表示：正在做的食物。Beingdone做

定语表示：正在被……的……。

7.C现在分词短语readingunderthebigtree做定语修饰theteacher表示：正在大树

下看书的那位老师。

情态动词

1.情态动词的推测表达

2.情态动词表达虚拟语气

3.某些情态动词的特殊用法

知识重点与难点总结

知识重点：

情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：

（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事

实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示“肯定…”,may/might/can/could

表示“可能..."，must只用于肯定句中，may/might的否定式maynot/mightnot

表示“可能不……”，而can/could可以用于疑问句,表示“可能，可能……吗？”,

其否定式can't/couldn't表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推

测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。

（二）对现在的事实进行推测：

主要结构：…must/may/might+动词原形

be+名词/形容词/介词短语

be+doing

例句：

1.YoumustbeJeanne.TmMathildeLoisel.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.

2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.

3.Theteachermustbejoking.

4.Fredaisn'tinclass.Shemustbesick.

5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.

6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn'tgotmuchcommonsense.

7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.

8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.

9.Thekeyscan'tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditverycarefully.

10.Canthenewsbetrue?

（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+havedone/been+名词/形容词/介词短

造

例句：

1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.

2.Hecouldn'thaveseenAnnayesterday.She'sgoneabroad.

3.1thinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.

4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.

5.WherecanTomhavegone?

情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来…”，“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种

虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的

语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加havedone结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结

构：

shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本应该...

shouldn'thavedone/oughtn'ttohavedone：本不该...

couldhavedone：本来可以....

needn'thavedone：本来没必要...

wouldliketohavedone：本来很想...

wouldrathernothavedone:本来不愿意...

could/might/havedone:不然早就...

例句：

1.Youshouldn'thavelaughedathismistakes.

2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.

3.1oughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.

4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.

5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthetrain.

6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.

7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephonedhim.

8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescueintime.

知识难点：

某些情态动词的特殊用法：

need和dare的两种形式的用法

need和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（todo）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，

加助动词do/does/did/或don，t/doesift/didrTt。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和

否定句中。情态动词needn't（没有必要，不必）相当于don，thaveto

例句：

1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.

2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?Thankyou,youneedn't.

3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?

注意：

句型Idaresay+从句。意思是：我肯定...=I'msure或Thereisnodoubtthat+从

句。

例句：

IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.

will和would

表示“意志”或“愿意”，would则指过去愿意做...

例句：

1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.

2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.

would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于"usedtodo”

例句：

1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummerinthatriver.

表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Wouldyoupleasedo...?/Wouldyouliketodo...?

/列句：Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?

shall

1.用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议”或“推荐”

仞！］句：1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?2.ShallIwatchTVnow?3.Shallmyson

carrythecaseforyou?

2.用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”,“许诺”

彳列句：1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyou

makesomuchnoiseagain.

在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can/carft/could/couldn't表示，意思是：

“可能…吗？”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustift或must等词。

【典型例题】

1.一Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?

—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.Hebepreparedtogiveyoua

hand,though.

A.mightB.mustC.canD.should

分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。根据heisthelastonetohelpothers.（他是

最不可能帮助别人的人），既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为

A

2.—Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoitbe?

一Ithinkit___beTom.

一Idon'tthinkit___be.

A.can;must;can;heB.may;can;must;him

C.must;can;must;hisD.might;must;can;himself

分析：根据备选答案。can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是

Guesswhocanitbe?第二句应该是IthinkitmustbeTom.（说话人十分肯定）。第三句

表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：Idon"thinkitcanbehim/he.（不可能是他）。答

案为A

3.—DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?

一Sure.Shearoundthecampusnow.

A.mustbewalkingB.mustwalk

C.maywalkD.maybewalking

分析：关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻肯定

正在校园散步呢。mustbedoing表示肯定正在做。答案为A

4.一IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

一Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.

A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsayD.musthavestayed

分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此ahotel是泛指。所以D选项不合

题意。第二句在说：你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示：本来可

以。答案为A

5.Whydidn'tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?Iallthewayherethrough

theheavysnow.

A.needn'thavedrivenB.can'thavedriven

C.mustn'thavedrivenD.shouldn'thavedriven

分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这

么多路。Needn'thavedone表示本来没必要。答案为A

6.1wasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.

A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleft

C.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave

分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”

已经发生了。Shouldhavedone正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B

7.A：AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?

B：I'mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.

A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might

分析：根据B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测：可能。

答案为D

8.A：Ipromisethatshegetanicepresentonherbirthday.

B：Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall

分析：A说：“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。答

案为D

【模拟试题】

1.A：IsJohncomingbytrain?

B：Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.mustB.canC.needD.may

2.Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn'tshowup.

A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving

3.Sorry,Tmlate.Ihaveturnedoffthealarmandgonetosleepagain.

A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will

4.Youbetired一You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.

A.mustnotB.won'tC.can?tD.maynot

5.—Ididn'tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.

一Youmine.Iwasn'tusingit.

A.mightborrowB.couldhaveborrowed

C.canhaveborrowedD.oughttoborrow

6.一Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.

—Itherhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.

A.mustn'tbeB.couldn'thavebeen

C.maynothavebeenD.mustn'thavebeen

【试题答案】

1.分析：根据B的回答“他应该（坐火车来），但是也不一定，他喜欢开自己的车。

本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D

2.分析：根据句意：White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的，可他（在8:30）

没有到场。Shouldhavedone表示：本应该。答案为A

3.分析：本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因：我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。mighthavedone

表示对过去的推测：可能已经……答案为A

4.分析：根据后半句You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.（你才刚干了一个小时）说

明

Youbetired（你不可能很累），can't表示“不可能”答案为C

5.分析：听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”，第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车

去

上班。“本来可以/能：couldhavedone.答案为B

6.分析：第二个人是说：那个人不可能是她丈夫，因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据

对

话的语境，是在谈论过去的事，表示过去不可能：couldnothavedone答案为：B

与it有关的主要句型

it强调句型

知识总结归纳：

（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，it用做形式主语或形式宾语，

而真正的主语或宾语（todo短语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。

主要句型：

It's+形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

todosth.

doingsth.

find/make/think/feelit+形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

todosth.

doingsth.

例句：

1.ItwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.

2.It'susualforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs.

3.It'sapitythatIdidn'tthinkofitearlier.

4.It'snousegoingtheresoearly.

5.Outteacherthinksitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.

6.Didn'tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?

7.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.

（二）其他句型

1.Ittakes+时间段+sb.+todosth.

2.表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等

Ifssaidthat........

It'sreportedthat.......

It'sbelieved/thought/suggestedthat.......

例句：

1.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint—beingonthesamewavelength.

2.Itisbelievedthatthetwochildrenwentoffexploring（探险）ontheirownandgetstuck

onthecliff.

3.It'ssuggestedthatweshouldhaveameetingtodiscusstheproblem.

4.Itwasoncepredicted（预测）thatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbecomeseparate

languagesfinally.

（三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达

到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。

Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。

Itis/wasnotuntil+时间+that+句子的其他部分。

例句：

1.1sawJohnonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasJohnwho/thatIsawonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasonmywaytoschoolthatIsawJohnthismorning.

ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohnonmywaytoschool.

2.ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.

3.Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.

4.Itwasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmyfamiliarroomatnightthat

frightenedmesomuch.

5.Itwasthekindnessandsympathyintheireyesthatpreventedmefromdoingso.

知识难点：

（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。

1.WhatisitthatJoecan'tfindinthebathroom?

2.WherewasitthatyoumettheforeignguestsfromAustralia?

3.1can'tquiterememberwhenitwasthatwemarried.

4.Wasitbecausehewasveryillthatheaskedforleave?

（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句

1.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

2.Itisthesepoisonousproductsthatcancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadache

andachingmuscles.

3.Itwasalmostteno'clockwhenoursoldierscamebackfromthefront.

4.Wasitinthisplacethatthelastkingdied?

（三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句

WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1944,whichwasledbyCaptainJohnsonthatPeterlost

hislife.

【典型例题】

—.单项选择：

1.1don'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemory.

A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

分析：本题考查it做形式宾语的句型。“我认为没有大量的记忆掌握一门外语是不

可能的。”故选择D

2.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?

A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型：如果他没能按时完成工作的话,这很要紧吗？

故选择D

3.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.

A.heB.whichC.sheD.it

分析：本题考查it的代词用法。It指上一句的内容：Tom的母亲始终告诉他应该努

力学习。故选择D

4.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

分析：本题考查it做形式主语的句型：英语正在作为一种国际性语言被接受是一个

事实。选择D

5.Itwasinthesmallhouse_wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather___hespenthis

childhood.

A.which;thatB.that;where

C.which;whichD.that;which

分析：本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中："___wasbuiltwithstonesby

hisfather的定语从句。被强调的部分是inthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhis

fathero根据句意：他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。故选择A

二.单句改错：

1.Thatissaidthatthisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.

分析：根据句意：据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。表示据说，应当说：Itissaid

that...oThat改为：It

2.Isthisyourturntocleantheblackboard?

分析：根据句意：该轮到你擦黑板了吧？轮到某人做某事：Itisone'sturnto

do....This改为:it

3.Itisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

分析：表示“众所周知”可以说：Itisknowntoeveryonethat+陈述句。或：Asisknown

toeveryone,+陈述句。It改为：As,或去掉“，”加连词that

4.Theofficialmadethisclearthathewoulddoeverythingpossibletosolvetheproblem.

分析：根据句意：这位官员宣布将尽一切力量解决这个问题。固定结构应当是：

makeitclearthat+陈述句。It在此是形式宾语。This改为：it

5.Itwasintheparkwheretheoldcoupletoldmetheirlovestory.

分析：根据句意可以知道本句用了强调句型，强调地点：inthepark所以按照强调

句型的结构where改为：that

6.Althoughwecan'tseethem,thereisairaroundus.

分析：句中的代词them根据句意应当指代后面的air,但air是不可数名词，因此

them改为:it

三.翻译句子：

1.直到星期三我才给办公室去电话。

分析：表达“直到……才……”可以用not...until…引导的时间状语从句；也用强调

句型；或倒装句。

翻译：

(1)1didn'ttelephonetheofficeuntilWednesday.

(2)ItwasnotuntilWednesdaythatItelephonedtheoffice.

(3)NotuntilWednesdaydidItelephonetheoffice.

2.只有当我们看不清楚的时候，我们才意识到我们眼睛的重要性。

分析：本句可以用强调句表达，也可以用倒装句：

翻译：

(1)Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealizehowimportantoureyesare.

(2)Onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlydowerealizehowimportantoureyesare.

3.Itwasinsurgerythattheresultsofthatdiscoverywereobtained,anditwastherethatthe

battlebetweenthenewideaandtheoldprejudiceswasfoughtoutmostdramatically.

翻译：那些发现的成果是在外科医学中获得的，也正是在那里，新思想与旧偏见用

最富有戏剧性的方式展开了战斗。

【模拟试题】

单项选择：

1.Nobodythinksverypolitetobealwayscuttinginwhenanotherpersonistalking.

A.thatB.thisC.itD.there

2.1wasdisappointedwiththefilm,Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it

3.Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme.

A.thisB.itC.whichD.what

4.Itwaswithgreatcouragetheboytoldthetruthhehadstolenthemoney.

A.which;thatB.when;what

C.as;thatD.that;that

5.WhenItrytofindthatpreventssomanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram,it

seemstomethattherearetwomaincauses.

A.whatitdoesB.whatitis

C.whyitdoesD.whyitis

6.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopeswillbeaboy.

A.heB.thatC.itD.there

二.句型转换：

将下列陈述句按划线的内容变为强调句。

1.Thechildrenoftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.

2.In1993,atomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferentfromanygrownbefore.

3.ThebiggestproblemofChinesefarmersistheshortageofarableland.

4.Futureagricultureshoulddependonhightechnologyaswellastraditionalmethods.

三.阅读理解：

A

Itisimportanttoknowanotherlanguageandhowtocommunicatewithoutwordswhen

youareinanothercountry.Beforesayinganything,peoplecommunicatewitheachotherby

usinggestures（手势）.However,manygestureshavedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,

indifferentpartsoftheworld.

IntheUnitedStates,noddingyourheadupanddownmeans“yes”,whileinsomepatsof

GreeceandTurkey,itmeans“no”.InthesoutheastofAsia,itisapolitewayofsaying“I

heardyou”.

TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeans""Everythingisallright.^^

However,inGreeceitisbad.Alsoputtingyourclasped（紧握的）handsupaboveyourhead

means“Iamthewinner."Itisthesignwhichplayersoftenmake.InRussiaitisthesignof

friendship.

IntheUSA,holdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfinger（食指），andtheother

threestraightmeans''EverythingisOK."InFrance,itmeans“Youareworthnothing.,,

Itisalsoimportanttomakeeyecommunication.Ifyoulookdownwhentalkingtoan

American,heorshemayfeelthatyouareshy,oryouaretryingtohidesomething.

Besidesthese,youshouldalsoknowtherearesometopicsthatcannotbetalkedabout,

suchasage,weightandmarriage.Youcantalkabouttheweather,work,sports,food,where

onelivesandnewsoftheday.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Peopleallovertheworldonlycommunicatebywords.

B.Manygestureseitherhavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningsatall.

C.Gesturesarethemostcommonwaytocommunicate.

D.Peoplecantalkaboutanythinginanothercountry.

2.InGreecenoddingyourheadmeans“

A.Yes.B.No

C.IheardyouD.Iamthewinner

3.Puttingthethumbupshouldnotbeusedin.

A.GreeceB.theUSAC.EnglandD.China

4.Whatdoesthissentencemean"....youractioncanspeaklouderthanyourwords”?

A.Whatyoudoisbetterthanwhatyousay.

B.Youtryyourbesttobepolite.

C.Youarebetterunderstoodbyyourgesturesthanthroughyourwords.

D.Whatyousayisbetterthanwhatyoudo.

5.Themainideaofthepassageisthatwhenyouareinanothercountry,.

A.itisimportanttoknowthelanguage.

B.itisimportanttoknowwhatyoutalkabouttoaforeigner.

C.toknowhowtocommunicatewithoutwordsisasimportantastoknowthelanguage.

D.tocommunicatethroughgesturesismoreimportantthantoknowthelanguage.

B

“Intheolddays,“asonewifesaid."Thehusbandwasthehusbandandthewifewasthe

wife.”Inthepasthusbandseachhadtheirownwayofgoingon.Thewives9jobsweretolook

afterthem.

“Thewiveswouldn'tstandforitnowadays.Husbandshelpwiththechildrennow.They

staymore,aswellashavemoreinterest,athome.^^Weshallgivesomeexamplesofwhat

husbandsdo,firstlyinsharingworkwiththeirwives;andsecondly,intheirlargely

independentdomain（领域）ofhouserepairs.

“Somehusbands,aswellasdoingmuchoftheheavyworkinthehome,carryingthe

coals,andemptyingtherubbish,actasassistantstotheirwivesforatleastpartoftheday.”

Mr.Hammondwashesupthedisheseverynightandlaysthebreakfastforthemorning.Mr.

ClarksaidthatonSundaymorningsheusuallyhovered（吸尘）aroundandreadplaysaloud

forhiswifewhileshedidabitofwashing.Mr.Davispolishesthefloorsandhelpstomake

thebedsatweekend,andduringweekdays,takesthedogoutforoneofhistwice-dailywalks.

Soitgoeson....

1.Theexpression“actasassistantstotheirwives“meansthat.

A.husbandsreadplaysaloud.

B.husbandsarepaidbytheirwives.

C.husbandshelptheirwives.

D.husbandslookaftertheirsickchildren.

2.themeaningofthewife'swordsatthebeginningofthepassagewer