2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷附带答案与详解第70期

2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1.单选题

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

问题1选项

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。answerfor“对……负责”；stepinto“进入”;abideby“遵守”；runinto“遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他没有履行合同的一些条款”，因此他需要对此负责，选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Thegapbetweenthoseatthelowestlevelandthoseatthehighestlevelofincomehadincreased（）,andiscontinuingtoincrease.

问题1选项

A.sufficiently

B.substantially

C.succinctly

D.successfully

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。sufficiently“充分地”;substantially“实质上；大体上”；succinctly“简洁地”；successfully“成功地”。该句主要是讲贫富差距，不能用褒义的副词，因此选项B符合题意。

3.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我们要树立必胜信念、继续埋头苦干，贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，着力推进结构性改革，着力推进改革开放，着力促进社会公平正义，着力营造政治上的绿水青山，为全面建成小康社会决胜阶段开好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

4.单选题

Theprofessorgave（）instructiontothewholeclasssoastomakeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab.

问题1选项

A.authoritative

B.afflictive

C.explicit

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。authoritative“有权威的”；afflictive“难受的，苦恼的”；explicit“明确的”;obvious“明显的”。根据后面makeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab“让每个学生知道如何在实验室中进行实验”可知教授给出了“详细的说明”，选项C符合题意。

5.翻译题

青年兴则国家兴，青年强则国家强。青年一代有理想、有本领、有担当，国家就有前途，民族就有希望。中国梦是历史的、现实的，也是未来的；是我们这一代的，更是青年一代的。中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，终将在一代代青年的接力奋斗中变为现实。

【答案】Anationwillprosperonlywhenitsyoungpeoplethrive.Iftheyounggenerationhasideals,abilitiesandresponsibilities,thecountrywillhaveafutureandthenationwillhavehope.TheChinesedreamishistorical,realisticandfuture;itbelongstoourgeneration,especiallytheyounggeneration.TheChinesedreamofthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationwilleventuallybecomearealityintherelaystruggleofgenerationsofyoungpeople.

6.单选题

Vegetablesareagarden’s（）.

问题1选项

A.produce

B.product

C.production

D.products

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。produce，product，production都有“生产，产品”的意思，produce多指蔬菜水果等农产品；product一般指工业产品，也可泛指各种各样的产品；production含义广泛，它主要指生产这一动作或过程，尤指人类智力或艺术劳动的产品。句意：蔬菜是菜园的农产品。本句表示蔬菜是农产品。因此A选项正确。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

需要强调指出的是，国际金融危机没有改变中国经济发展的基本面和长期向好的趋势。回顾去年，我们坚定信心、迎难而上，保持了中国经济平稳较快发展。筹划今年，我们有能力处理复杂局面，继续保持中国经济平稳较快发展。展望未来，我们有条件实现中国经济长期平稳较快发展。

【答案】Itshouldbestressedthat,despitetheinternationalfinancialcrisis,thefundamentalsandlong-termpositivetrendofChina’seconomicdevelopmentremainsunchanged.Lastyear,weactedwithresolveandconfrontedchallengeshead-on,andsucceededinensuringsteadyandfasteconomicgrowth.Aswedrawplansforthisyear,weareconfidentthatwecanstayontopofthecomplicatedsituationandmaintainthesteadyandfastgrowthoftheChineseeconomy.Lookingahead,wearewellpositionedtoachievelongterm,fastandsteadyeconomicgrowth.

8.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhatcouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.dilemma

B.paradox

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dilemma“困境；进退两难”；paradox“悖论”；junction“连接”；premise“前提，假定”。根据betweendoingwhattheyfelt…andwhatcouldstand…可知家长是在这两种做法为难，因此选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

WhendoingbusinesswithanArab,youhavetoendurehoursofsmalltalk,waitingforthetopicofcommercetobebroached.

问题1选项

A.broken

B.raised

C.solved

D.concluded

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项broken“折断；打碎；损坏”；B选项raised“提高，举起；使（面包）发酵；抚育，抚养”；C选项solved“解决；解答”；D选项concluded“结束；推断；作结论”。句意：当你和一个阿拉伯人做生意时，你不得不忍受几个小时的闲聊，等待商业的话题被提起。本句关键词bebroached表示“被提出”，beraised可以做同义替换，表示被提出。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Whilemanytechnologicaladvancesoccurinanevolutionarymanner,occasionallyarevolutionarytechnologicalappearsonthehorizonthatcreatesstartlingnewconditionsandprofoundchanges.SuchisthecasewiththeprivatelydevelopedMollerSkycarwhichisnamedafteritsinventor.Theruggedized（加固的）MollerSkycarvariantthemilitaryisevaluatingiscalledthelightaerialmultipurposevehicle,orLAMV.

TheLAMVisaverticaltake-offandlandingaircraftthatcanflyinquick,quiet,andagilemanner.Itisanewtypeofvehiclethatcombinesthespeedofanairplaneandtheverticaltake-offcapabilityofahelicopterwithsomecharacteristicsofagroundvehicle,butwithoutthelimitationsofanyofthoseexistingmodesoftransportation.TheLAMVisnotoperatedliketraditionalfixed——orrotary-wing----aircraft.Ithasonlytwohands,whichtheoperatorusestodirecttheredundantcomputercontrolsystemtocarryoutdesiredflightmaneuvers.Theleft-handcontroltwiststoselectthedesiredoperatingaltitudeandmovesforeandafttoselecttherateofclimb.Theright-handcontroltwiststoselectthevehicle’sdirectionandmovesside-to-sidetoprovidetransverse（横向的）movementduringthehoverandearly-transition-to-flightphasesofoperation;italsomovesforeandafttocontrolspeedandbraking.Simplyput,theLAMVisuserfriendly.

TheLAMVdesignincorporatesanumberofsafetyfeatures.Forstarters,theLAMVhasmultipleengines.Unlikeanylighthelicopterorairplane,theLAMVhasmultipleenginenacelles（机舱），eachwithtwocomputer-controlledRotapowerengines.Theseenginesoperateindependentlyandallowforaverticalcontrolledlandingshouldeitherfail.

TheLAMVisaerodynamicallystable.Intheunlikelyeventthatsufficientpowerisnotavailabletolandvertically,theLAMV’sstabilityandgoodglideslopeallowtheoperatortomaneuvertoasafeareabeforeusingtheair-frameparachutes（降落伞）.SincecomputerscontroltheLAMV'sflightduringhoverandtransition,theonlyoperatorinputistocontrolspeedanddirection.Undesirablemovementscausedbywindgustsarepreventedautomatically.

TheLAMV'spotentialmilitaryuseswillbenumerous.Theyincludeaerialmedicalevacuation,aerialreconnaissance（侦查），commandandcontrol,searchandrescue,insertionofspecialoperationsforces,airassaultoperations,airborneoperations,forcible-entryoperations,militarypolicemobilityandmaneuversupport,communicationsretransmission,battlefielddistributionforunitresupply,transportofindividualandcrewreplacements,weaponsplatform,noncombatantevacuationoperations,battlefieldcontractortransport,andbattledamageassessment.

Ofcourse,theLAMVbringswithitsomeobviouschallenges.Itslimitedpayloadwillbeanegativefactor.ItsusewillcomplicateArmyairspacecommandandcontrol.HowtheLAMVwillbeusedinconjunctionwithforcesunderthejointforceaircomponentcommanderwillhavetobedetermined.LAMVsupportissuesalsorequireresolution.Forexample,operatorselectionandtraining,leadertraining,employmentdoctrine,LAMVbasis-of-issueplans,andLAMVlife-cyclemanagementallrequiretheArmy'sattention.

1.Accordingtothepassage,LAMV（）.

2.WhatshouldtheoperatorofLAMVdowhenpowerforverticallandingisinsufficient?

3.Lighthelicopterorairplanemay（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeapossibledisadvantageofLAMV?

问题1选项

A.cantakeoffuprightandflyfast

B.isdevelopedbyanacademy

C.can’tflyasfastasanairplane

D.isappliedinciviltransportation

问题2选项

A.Heshouldaskthemonitoringcenterforhelpviacomputer

B.Hecaneffectivelycontroltheaircraftwithsomesimpleinput

C.Hemustleavetheaircraftimmediatelywiththehelpofparachutes

D.HejustwaitsLAMVtoregainenoughpowerforlanding

问题3选项

A.havetwohandstocontrolitsspeedanddirection

B.havenocomputer-controlledRotapowerenmeshinitssystem

C.havelessenginenacellesthanLAMVandthereforelesssecurity

D.lackflexiblecomputercontrolinitstakingoffandlanding

问题4选项

A.FewpeoplewouldsupporttheapplicationofLAMV

B.LAMVcanonlycarryasmallcreworlittlecargo

C.Notallforcesarewillingtobecommandedjointly

D.Armyairspacecommandandcontrolwouldbeindisorder

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，LAMV……”。文章第二段第一句话提到LAWV是一种垂直起降飞机，能够以快速、安静和敏捷的方式飞行（TheLAMVisaverticaltake-offandlandingaircraftthatcanflyinquick,quiet,andagilemanner），由此可知选项A“能垂直起飞，且飞行速度快”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当垂直降落的动力不足时，LAMV的驾驶员应该怎么办？”文章第四段提到“在不太可能的情况下，没有足够的力量垂直降落，LAMV的稳定性和良好的下滑坡度允许驾驶员在使用机体降落伞之前操纵飞机飞到一个安全区域”（Intheunlikelyeventthatsufficientpowerisnotavailabletolandvertically,theLAMV’sstabilityandgoodglideslopeallowtheoperatortomaneuvertoasafeareabeforeusingtheair-frameparachutes），因此选项B“通过一些简单的操作有效控制飞机”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“轻型直升机或飞机可能……”。文章第三段第三句话提到“不同于任何轻型直升机或飞机，LAMV有多个发动机舱，每个机舱都有两个由计算机控制的Rotapower型发动机”（Unlikeanylighthelicopterorairplane,theLAMVhasmultipleenginenacelles,eachwithtwocomputer-controlledRotapowerengines），由此可推测出轻型直升机或飞机没有LAMV那么多的机舱，选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项是LAMV的劣势？”文章最后一段提到了LAMV不利的一面。LAMV的支持问题也需要解决，例如，驾驶员的选择与训练（LAMVsupportissuesalsorequireresolution.Forexample,operatorselectionandtraining…），因此选项A符合题意。

11.不定项选择题

Before1945,hardlyanyoneoutsideofNewMexicohadeverheardofAlamogordo.In1960itspopulationnumbered21,723.Eversince1898,whenthetownhadbeenbuiltbytheSouthernPacificRailroad,Alamogordohadbeenalonelytown.Thelandarounditwaslargelydesert,andlargelyempty.

Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.

AtdawnonJuly16,1945,theatomicbombwassetoff.Observersagreedthattheyhadwitnessedsomethingunlikeanythingeverseenbymenbefore,ahuge,colorfulfireball,morebrilliantthanthesunflashingasitroseformilesintotheair.Neverbeforehadmenreleasedsomuchpoweratonetime,norhadanynationeverpossessedweaponasterribleanddestructiveastheatomicbomb.

Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.

Whennewsoftheatomicbombanditsdestructivenesswasannounced,peopleallovertheworldwonderedwhatothernewweaponswerebeingpreparedintheNewMexicodesert.Somepeopledoubtedthatthesecretofmakingatomicbombscouldbekeptfromothercountries.Someevendoubtedthewisdomofusingsopowerfulaweapon.Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.

1.Alamogordowaschosenasthetestsitemainlybecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthetoneofthispassage?

3.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

4.Afterthefirstatomicbombexplosion,everybodyagreedthat（）.

5.WhenwastheatomicbombdroppedonHiroshima?

问题1选项

A.itslocationwouldhidethesecretwell

B.italwayshadanenjoyableclimate

C.itwassituatedinsouthwesternNewMexico

D.itwasconnectedtoothercitiesbyarailway

问题2选项

A.Encouragement.

B.Fear.

C.Anxiety.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题3选项

A.theselectionofthetestsiteforthefirstatomicbomb

B.thedestructiveforceofthefirstatomicbomb

C.thesecretofAlamogordo

D.nuclearwar

问题4选项

A.itwasnotwisetousesuchapowerfulweapon

B.itwaswisetochooseAlamogordoasthetestsite

C.manhadenteredtheageofnuclear

D.itwasnotpossibletokeepthetechnologyofmakingatomicbombssecret

问题5选项

A.AtdawnonJuly16,1945.

B.Severalweeksafterthetest.

C.Assoonasthesecretwasrevealed.

D.Immediatelyafterthetest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“chosenasthetestsite”可以定位到文章第二段Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.（由于地处偏僻，而且天气几乎总是晴朗平和，阿拉莫戈多附近的一处沙漠被选为有史以来第一颗原子弹爆炸的最后地点。），说明选择阿拉莫戈多作为试验地点的原因是它地处偏僻，同时第四段最后一句也说到Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.（几乎每个人都惊讶地得知炸弹是在哪里制造和测试的；西南部的沙漠很好地隐藏了这个秘密。），说明偏僻的沙漠能很好地隐藏秘密，是选择其作为试验地点的原因。因此A选项“它的位置能很好地隐藏秘密”正确。B选项“它总是气候宜人”，根据原文可知，天气好是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因，所以B错误。C选项“它位于新墨西哥州西南部”只是介绍了阿拉莫戈多的位置，没有说明选择它作为试验地点的原因，所以C错误。D选项“它通过铁路与其他城市相连”，原文只说它是由南太平洋铁路公司建成的，没有说它和其他城市相连，所以D错误。

第2题:观点态度题。文章首先介绍了阿拉莫戈多的背景，然后描述了原子弹爆炸事件和人们对其的反应，整体是站在一个比较客观的态度来讲述事件经过的，没有加入个人的情感。A选项“鼓励”，B选项“恐惧”，C选项“焦虑”均不符合文章基调，因此D选项“以上都不是”正确。

第3题:主旨大意题。文章主要围绕阿拉莫戈多这个地点展开叙述，首先介绍了它的位置和地理环境，引出下文它作为原子弹爆炸秘密试验地点，这个秘密公开时所有人都感到很惊讶，因此C选项“阿拉莫戈多的秘密”符合文章主旨。A选项“第一颗原子弹试验地点的选定”，B选项“第一颗原子弹的破坏力”，D选项“核战争”都只说明了文章的一部分，不能代表全文的主旨，所以A，B，D错误。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.（但没有人怀疑，一场新的战争——一个新的世界——在1945年夏天的一个早晨，从阿拉莫戈多开始了。），1945年夏天的早晨说明是第一颗原子弹爆炸的时间，新的战争和世界开始了说明人类开始使用原子弹等核武器，进入了核武器时代。因此C选项“人类已经进入了核时代”正确。A选项“使用如此强大的武器是不明智的”只是部分人的想法，所以A错误。B选项“选择阿拉莫戈多作为试验地点是明智之举”，D选项“制造原子弹的技术不可能保密”在文中没有提及，所以B，D错误。

第5题:客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.（几个星期以来，试验一直保密。当一颗原子弹从美国飞机投到日本广岛时，美国各地的报纸和广播电台都在报道新墨西哥州的原子弹试验。），说明在试验之后过了几周才正式投放原子弹。因此B选项“试验过后几周”正确。A选项“1945年7月16日黎明时分”，由原文可知这是试验的时间，不是在广岛投下原子弹的时间，所以A错误。C选项“秘密一经披露后”，当在广岛投下原子弹之后，试验的秘密才被揭露，所以C错误。D选项“试验后立即投放”，由原文可知是过了几周后才投放的，所以D错误。

12.单选题

Accordingtosomepsychologists,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependent（）motivation.

问题1选项

A.on

B.of

C.with

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。be/remainindependentof“与……无关”，因此选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Theboredomanddeepcontemptforhisworkmustresultfromtheworker’srelationshiptohisworkwhichiscompletely（）ofhumanity.

问题1选项

A.devoid

B.desolate

C.destitute

D.derelict

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。devoid“缺乏的”；desolate“荒凉的”;destitute“贫困的”；derelict“荒废的”。前面提到“他对工作的无聊和深深的蔑视源于工作关系”，由此可知“缺乏人性的工作关系”符合语境，因此选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

问题2选项

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

问题3选项

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

问题4选项

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

问题5选项

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者的国家，哪类人受益于经济的发展？”文章第四段最后一句话提到“所有人都在新经济中发展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“这篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各种各样的人都在新经济中蓬勃发展，有足够的证据表明大多数人仍然想要获得发财机会”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定对穷人有害”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个表述是正确的？”文章第五段提到“非技术劳动力的偿付水平与以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），选项B“非技术人员倾向贫穷”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为收入差距将……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“收入差距是驱动经济引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以选项C“一直存在”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到变得富有并不是每个人的最终目标（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Itisdoubtfulwhetheranyonecanbeatruly（）observerofevents.

问题1选项

A.genius

B.impassive

C.inadequate

D.impartial

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。genius“天才；天赋”，名词；impassive“冷漠的；无感觉的”，形容词；inadequate“不充分的”，形容词；impartial“公平的，公正的”，形容词。根据doubtful“怀疑的”和truly“真正地”可知选项D符合题意。

16.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

北京奥运会弘扬了团结、友谊、和平的奥林匹克精神，成为世界各国人民共同见证的文化交流的盛会。北京奥运会的成功，是中国人民和世界各国人民共同努力的结果。荣誉属于国际奥林匹克大家庭，属于在比赛场上奋勇争先的运动员，属于来自世界各地的自愿者。北京奥运会的举办，将更加有力地促进中国体育事业向前发展，将更加广泛地促进中国同国际奥林匹克大家庭的交流合作，将更加深入地促进中国人民同世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊。

【答案】TheBeijingOlympicGameshaspromotedtheOlympicspiritofsolidarity,friendshipandpeace.Ithasbecomeagrandevenofculturalexchangeswitnessedbypeopleofthewholeworld.ThesuccessoftheBeijingOlympicGamesisattributabletotheconcertedeffortsoftheChinesepeopleandpeoplefromtherestoftheworld.TheglorygoestotheOlympicFamily,toathleteswhohavecompetedhard,tovolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.ThehostingoftheBeijingOlympicGameswillgiveaboosttothefurtherdevelopmentofsportsinChina,promotemoreextensiveexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheInternationalOlympicFamilyandfurtherenhancethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandpeopleofallothercountries.

17.单选题

Colourblindnessisinabilitytodistinguishoneormoreofthethreecoloursred,green,andblue.(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates,including,amongothers,manandtheotherprimates,fish,amphibians,somereptiles,andsomebirds;andinbeesandbutterflies.)Intheretina,thelight-sensitivelayeroftissuethatlinesthebackandsidesoftheeyeball,thereare,inhumanbeings,threetypesofcones,thevisualcellsthatfunctionintheperceptionofcolour.Onetypeabsorbslightbestinwavelengthsofblue-violetandanotherinthewavelengthsofgreen.Thethirdtypeismostsensitivetowavelengthsofyellowbutisalsosensitivetored.

Colour-blindpersonsmaybeblindtoone,two,orallofthecoloursred.green,andblue.(Blindnesstorediscalledprotanopia;togreen,deuteranopia;andtoblue,tritanopia.)Red-blindpersonsareordinarilyunabletodistinguishbetweenredandgreen,whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow.Green-blindpersonsareunabletoseethegreenpartofthespectrum.

Colourblindness,whichaffectsabout20timesasmanymalesasfemales,isasex-linkedrecessivecharacteristic.Awomanmustinheritthetraitfrombothparentstobecolour-blind.Acolour-blindmanandawomanofnormalcolourvisionhavedaughterswhohavenormalcolourvision.Butarecarriersofthetrait—thatis,thedaughtersmayhavecolour-blindsonsanddaughterswhoarecarriers.Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring.Thesonofanormalmanandacarrierwomanmaybecolour-blind,andthedaughterofsuchaunionmaybeacarrier.Thus,colourblindnesstendstoskipgenerations.

1.（）personisunabletodistinguishblueandyellow.

2.Theunderlinedword“skip”inthelastsentenceofthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

4.Itcanbeknowfromthispassagethat（）hasnormalvisionandisunabletopassthecolour-blind

traitontooffspring.

问题1选项

A.Acolour-blind

B.Adeuteranopic

C.Aprotanopic

D.Atritanopic

问题2选项

A.omit

B.clip

C.slip

D.emit

问题3选项

A.inabilitytodistinguishonlyonecolourisusuallynotregardedascolourblindness

B.onlyafewvertebrateshavetheabilitytoseecolours

C.onlyhumanshavetheremarkableabilitytoseecolours

D.allvertebratescannotseecolours

问题4选项

A.thedaughterofacolour-blindmanandacolour-blindwoman

B.thedaughterofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

C.thesonofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

D.thesonofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvision

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“什么色盲的人分不清蓝色和黄色？”文章第二段提到“蓝盲的人不能区分蓝色和黄色”(whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow)，前面提到toblue,tritanopia，因此选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。题目问的是“划线单词skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的发病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遗传的特点，因此skipgeneration就是“隔代”的意思，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知……”。文章第一段提到只有少数几种脊椎动物具有看颜色的能力(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates)，由此可知选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，下列哪种情况不会遗传给下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和视力正常的女性的儿子视力正常，且不能将色盲形状遗传给后代（Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring），因此选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Tothegreatdisappointmentofthepublic,thewantedinthemurdercasesofarremains（）.

问题1选项

A.inprison

B.infreedom

C.atease

D.atlarge

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inprison“坐牢”；infreedom“自由”；atease“安逸；自由自在”；atlarge“详尽的；未被捕的”。前半句提到“公众非常失望”，由此可推测是杀人犯还没有落网，因此选项D符合题意。

19.单选题

TheEuropeanonlinefashionbusinessisfierce.Justaskbackersofone-timehighflierslike,theurbansportswearretailerthattankedlastyear,andD,thestrugglingmen’swearspecialist.Thoseoncestellaronlinebrandsexpandedtoofast,spentmuchmorethantheyearned,andthenlosttheirinvestorsupportafterInternetstocksbeganplummetinglastApril.Themarketssentonlinefashionstoresatoughmessage:Comeupwithbusinessmodelsthatgeneraterevenues.

AfewfirmshaveshownthatnotallonlinefashionshopsareInternetdisasters.Copenhagen-basedH,thedesigner-labeldiscountstore,Sweden’ssportswearvendorSportusandtheItalianshirtsstoreMarcoBracciaredoingwellinaverytoughenvironment.

Haburi'sdistinctivebusinessmodelisanInternetversionofthefactoryoutletwherebrandmanufacturersselldirectlytoconsumersatlowerpricesfromhugeout-of-townshoppingmalls.AconceptusedintheU.S.farmorethaninEurope,andHaburiwantstofillthegap.MichaelVad,Haburi'sCEO,saysthatEurope'sapparelfactoryoutletsectorcouldyield$10billioninsalesannually.

AccordingtoVad,nationalregulationsthatlimitmallsoutsidecitycentershavehamperedthedevelopmentofthissector.“Fortheconsumer,there’sthetwo-hourdrivetothemall,andwhenyougetthereyoudon’tknowwhetheryou’llgetthesizeorcoloryouwant,”saysVad.Bygoingonline,Haburiaimstocuttheretailer'scosts,saveconsumersthelongdrive,anddeliverorderswithintwotofivedays.Haburisplitsnetrevenue50-50withthebrandmanufacturers.

Haburialreadyhasabout30,000onlinecustomers.Theadditional$12millioninvestedinHaburilastJuneindicatesinvestorswillstillbackbusiness-to-consumerInternetcompanies,butonlyiftheyhaveasolidstrategicvisionandnotjustafashionablewhimspurredbyInternethype.SowheredidDressmartandgowrong?“Theyweresupposedtorunoutofmoney.Theywereamongthecompaniesthatonlygotinvestmentmoneyiftheypromisedveryrapidexpansion,”observesOlaAhlvarsson,Stockholm-basedCEOofResultVentureKnowledge