2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前拔高综合测试题含答案带详解第117期

2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1.翻译题

每逢新年，人们往往要定新年决心（NewYearresolutions）。这是很多人下决心改变旧习惯、适应新的学习和生活方式的时刻。新年决心像其他很多时尚一样，说起来简单做起来难。通过艰苦工作和坚持不懈，把自己的目标、梦想、决心和远大期望变成现实真不是容易的事情。像其他目标和计划一样,新年决心只是口头宣言，如果没有行动和决心来支撑，则毫无意义。

【答案】WhenNewYearisaroundthecorner,peopletendtomakeNewYearresolutions.It’samomentmanypeopleresolvetochangeoldhabitsandadapttonewwaysoflearningandlife.Newyearresolutions,likemanyothertrends,areeasiersaidthandone.Thehardpartisimplementation:Bringingintents,dreams,resolutionsandloftyexpectationstorealitythroughhardworkandpersistenceisfarmoredifficult.Theresolutions,likemanyotheraimsandobjectives,arejustverbaldeclarationsthatwouldn’tmatter,unlesswhenbackedwithactionanddetermination.

2.单选题

Whenwewatchaplayorafilm,weallrealizethatthecharactersaresometimes（

）.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.imaginable

C.imagined

D.imaginary

【答案】D

【解析】imaginative富于想象的，有创造力的；imaginable可想象到的；imagined想象的，构想的；imaginary虚构的，假想的。句意：当我们看戏剧或电影时，我们都知道角色有时是虚构的，选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful（

）inthemarket.

问题1选项

A.batteries

B.bargains

C.baskets

D.barrels

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些人喜欢在星期天购物,因为他们希望在市场上买到物美价廉的东西。bargains做名词表示特价商品。所以选项B正确。

4.单选题

Manymentalinstitutionsthroughoutthecountryhavebeenturnedintodumpinggroundsforthousandsofoldsterswhohavenoplaceelsetogo.Mostofthemaren’treallymentallyill.Inthejargonofthehospitalbureaucracy,theyareclassifiedas“inappropriateadmissions.”Butsincesocietyhasnothingbettertooffer,theyarelefttorotwithouthope,help,ordignity.Theusualexitisdeath.

Oftenthroughnofaultoftheirown,understaffedandovercrowdedmentalhospitalshandletheir“geriatriccases”littlebetterthancattle.Thereisarecurrentpatternofelderlypatientslockedintowardstopreventthemfromwanderingabout,givensteadydosesoftranquilizerstokeepthem“manageable”,leftdayandnightwithoutatraceofhumanwarmthorcompanionship.

Somehospitalshavewardsfullofelderly,tranquilizedpatients,bodiesbloatedfromtheirinactive,meaninglessexistences,sittinglistlesslyonhardbenchesorsprawledasleeponthefloor.Therearewomen,silentasstatues,occupyingchairsandrockersinthecorridors.Whiletheweathermaybebeautifuloutdoors,oldmenmayindifferentlyshuffleaboutageriatric“cottage”withnowheretogoandnothingtodo.

Yetmanyofthepeoplecouldberestoredtohumandignity,notbycomplicatedtherapeuticprocedures,butamongotherthings,byprovidinggoodmedicalcareandreachingoutahandofkindnesstowardsthem.

Itisestimatedthatonehalfoftheoldpeopleinstatementalhospitalstodaycouldleaveifpropercommunityresources,servicesandprogramswereavailable.Butanindifferentsocietyhasnotmadethemavailable.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

2.“Geriatric”inparagraph2referstopeoplewhoare（）.

3.Wemayinferthattheauthor（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattherealblamelieswith（）.

问题1选项

A.mostoldpeopleneedfamilycare

B.goodcarefortheelderlyiscostly

C.manyoldpeoplearelivingouttheirlastyearsinmentalinstitutions

D.oldpeopleshouldbetakenoutofdoorswhentheweatherispleasant

问题2选项

A.old

B.lonely

C.mentallyill

D.physicallysick

问题3选项

A.isindifferenttothestatusquoofthehospitals

B.issympathetictothesituationoftheelderly

C.isoptimistictowardsthefutureoftheelderly

D.ishostiletowardsthementalhospitalstaff

问题4选项

A.thesociety

B.thementalinstitutions

C.theelderly

D.thehospitalbureaucracy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据文章内容可知,首段第一句为全文主旨句。“Manymentalinstitutionsthroughoutthecountryhavebeenturnedintodumpinggroundsforthousandsofoldsterswhohavenoplaceelsetogo.”全国各地的许多精神病院已经变成了接纳成千上万没有去处的老年人的垃圾场。选项C符合原文。

2.根据原文句意:人手不足、人满为患的精神病院在处理“病例”时就像对待牲口一样。上一段提到,大多数进精神病院的都是老人,并且他们没有真正的精神疾病,也不是因为孤独或者生病才进来的,所以“geriatric”指的是老年人。选项A正确。

3.根据最后一段的内容可知,如果有适当的社区资源、服务和项目,现在州立精神病院的老人可以离开一半。但是冷漠的社会并没有提供这些服务。说明作者更多的是同情这些老人,选项B正确。

4.根据最后一段最后一句“Butanindifferentsocietyhasnotmadethemavailable.”但是冷漠的社会并没有提供这些服务。说明作者认为真正的过错在于社会,选项A正确。

5.单选题

InPlato’sRepublicwefindadiscussionaboutmoralityandselfishness.Plato’sbrotherGlauconistryingtomakeSocratesgivesomegoodreasonsforwhyitisbettertobejustthantobeunjust.Glauconinsiststhatallpeoplebynaturelookafterthemselves,andwheneverwecangetawaywithsomething,wewilldoit,regardlessofhowunjustitmaybetoothers.Unfortunately,wemayreceivethesametreatmentfromothers,whichishighlyunpleasant,soforthesakeofpeaceandsecurityweagreetotreateachotherdecently—notbecausewewantto,butbecauseweareplayingitsafe.Moralityisjustaresultofourlookingoutforourselves.Ifwecangetawaywithsomething,itisournaturetomakethemostofit.

WhatGlauconissuggestinghereabouttheoriginofsocietyisafirstinWesternthought.Histheoryisanexampleofwhathasbecomeknownassocialcontracttheory,andthistypeoftheorybecameparticularlyinfluentialmuchlater,intheeighteenthcentury.Asocialcontracttheoryassumesthathumansusedtoliveinapre-socialsetting(withoutrules,regulations,orcooperation)andthen,forvariousreasons,gottogetherandagreedonsettingupasociety.Generally,socialcontracttheoriesassumethathumansdecidetobuildasocietywithrulesforthesakeofthecommongoodorforthesakeofself-protection.Thetheoryistodayknownaspsychologicalegoism.

ToGlaucon,decentpersonswilldo“unjust”thingsjustasquicklyasscoundrelsiftheyknowtheycangetawaywithitsincetheirhumannaturesareidentical.HereGlauconisactingasthedevil’sadvocateinordertomakeSocratesdefendjusticeassomethingthatisgoodinitself.Surelyweallcanremembereventsinourlivesthatshowthatwedon’talwaysactoutofself-interest.WemayrememberthatMotherTeresaandotherunselfishsoulshavespenttheirliveshelpingothers.Thepsychologicalegoistwouldcontendthattheymaynothavebeenawareoftheirtruemotives,butselfishitwas,somehow.Thesepeople,probably,wantedtogettoHeaven,toatoneforpastwrongdoing,ormaybetheyjustwantedtofeelwarminside.

Thistheory,cynicalasitmaysound,hasestablisheditselffirmlyinthemindsofmanymodernpeople.Somehow,thistheoryremovesthehalofromabovetheheadofeveryheroandeveryunselfishpersoninthehistoryofhumankind.Onereason,then,forthistheory’spopularityisitspresumedhonesty.Closelyrelatedtothenotionofhonestyisourmodernfascinationwithcynicism.Oftentimes,peoplearetrulyselfishanddevious,andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.However,thereisadifferencebetweenthiskindofprudentskepticismandauniversalcynicismthatbordersonparanoia.Suchradicalcynicismdoesn’tallowforthepossibilityoftheexistenceofgoodnessandkindness,andthisisoneoftheerrorspsychologicalegoistsareproneto.Psychologicalegoistsneversaythatwecan’thelpbeingselfishtothebone—theyjustsaythatthereissomehiddenselfishmotiveforwhateverwedothatwemaynotbeevenawareof.

1.WhatisthemainreasonformentreatingeachotherdecentlyaccordingtoGlaucon?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesocialcontracttheory?

3.HowwouldpsychologicalegoistsinterprettheexampleofMotherTeresa?

4.Whaterrorsarepsychologicalegoistslikelytomake?

问题1选项

A.Itisnotrightforonetobeunjusttootherpeople.

B.Itisbeneficialforpeopletoretainpeaceandsecurity.

C.Moralityandselflessnessarewhatweshouldpursue.

D.Wearepronetomakethemostofsomething.

问题2选项

A.Itiscontrarytopsychologicalegoists’beliefs.

B.Itrecordshumanlifeinaworldwithoutoperationandrules.

C.Itpresumesthatasocietywithrulesistoguaranteethebenefitsofall.

D.Itassumesthatpeoplearebynatureunselfish.

问题3选项

A.Shehelpsothersforthesakeofherself

B.Justiceisgoodinitselftothedevil’sadvocate.

C.Descentpersonswilldounjustthingsaswell.

D.Sheisatypicalpersonwithfeelingsofparanoia.

问题4选项

A.Theydonotjustifytheirtheoryfully.

B.Theyhavechangedpeople’sview.

C.Theyneverwarnpeopleoftheirunawareselfishness.

D.Theygototheextremeofdisbelievingpeople

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第三句“forthesakeofpeaceandsecurity...weareplayingitsafe.”为了和平与安全,我们同意善待彼此——不是因为我们想这样做,而是因为我们谨慎行事。也就是说人与人之间保持和平与安全是有益的。选项B符合原文。

2.根据关键词“socialcontracttheory”定位到原文第二段,根据倒数第二句“Generally,socialcontracttheories...forthesakeofself-protection.”一般来说,社会契约理论认为,人类决定建立一个有规则的社会是为了公共利益或自我保护。选项C符合原文。

3.根据关键词“MotherTeresa”定位到第三段最后三句,心理利己主义者认为他们可能没有意识到自己的真实动机,但从某种程度上来说,他们是自私的。这些人可能是想上天堂,为过去的错误行为赎罪,或者他们只是想感受内心的温暖。选项A符合原文。

4.根据最后一段倒数第二句“Suchradicalcynicism...psychologicalegoistsareproneto.”这种极端的犬儒主义不允许善良和善良存在的可能性,这是心理利己主义者容易犯的错误之一。也就是说他们很极端,容易怀疑他人,所以选项D正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

6.填空题

OneofthefeaturesofLondonisthenumberofbigstores,mostofwhicharetobefoundinorneartheWestEnd.Theyarevastbuildings,manystories（1）;inthemonemaybuyalmostanythingonewants,（2）aboxofmatchestoasuiteoffurniture.Mostof（3）areverymodernandareequippedwithspeedyliftsandescalators,andhavewell-plannedlighting,（4）andheating.Youcanspendhourswandering（5）oneofthesestores,andyouwillprobablyloseyour（6）whileyouaredoingso,inspiteofthepublicnoticespointingtheway（7）theliftsandentrances.（8）youhavebeeninthestoresolong（9）youfeelhungry,youwill（10）needtoleavethebuilding,fornearlyallthebigstoreshavecafes,snack（11）orrestaurants.Youcanringupafriendfromatelephone-boxandyoumay（12）atthetheateragencytobookaseat（13）aneveningshow;oryoumaydrop（14）atraveldepartmentandarrangefora（15）inWalesorWesternAustralia.Ifyou（16）homesick,youwillbeabletogetanewspaperormagazine（17）yourowncountryatthenewspapercounter;andinbookdepartmentyouwill（18）abletobuythecomplete（19）ofWilliamShakespeareandthelatestthriller.Youcaninspectthegoodsonsale（20）yourleisure,andyouwillnotbepesteredtobuy,thoughoccasionallyanassistantmayaskwhetherhecanbeofhelptoyou.

A.bearupon

B.standupto

C.insiston

D.persistin

【答案】1、high

2、from

3、them

4、ventilation

5、around

6、way/direction

7、to

8、If

9、that

10、not

11、bars

12、call

13、for

14、into/by

15、holiday/vacation/trip

16、feel/get

17、of/from

18、be

19、works

20、at

【解析】1、根据句意以及句子结构可知,填空处应填入形容词修饰stories（楼层）,根据前面的vast可推测,这里填入high符合原文语境。

2、from...to...从...到...,原文指从一盒火柴到一套家具,这里应有尽有。

3、根据下文的描述,大多数都非常现代化并且配备有电梯和扶梯,可以推断出这是对大商店的描写,所以这里用them来指代。

4、根据关键词“well-planned”以及“heating”可以推测,既然计划周密,有暖气设备,当然也得有通风设备,所以这里填入ventilation。

5、wanderaround为固定搭配,意为“徘徊”。

6、句意:徘徊于这些商店你可能会迷路。loseone’sway/direction指迷路,迷失方向。

7、根据句意:尽管有公共告示指明通往电梯和入口的路。thewayto为固定搭配,指“通往...的路”。

8、根据句意以及上下文可知,这里是一种假设的情况,所以填入if。

9、考查sothat的句型。句意:在商店待得太久以至于饿了。

10、根据下文,几乎所有的大商店都有咖啡馆,小吃店以及餐厅。由此可以推断,当你饿了不需要离开这里,所以填入not。

11、snackbars为常用短语,指“小吃店,快餐店”。

12、callat为固定搭配,指“拜访,访问”。句意:你可以去剧院代理处预定晚上节目的座位。

13、bookfor为固定搭配,表示“预定”。

14、根据原文句意:你可以顺便去旅游部门。dropby/into都表示顺便拜访,顺便进入。

15、结合上下文语境:安排一个到威尔士或者西澳大利亚的假期或者旅行。所以填入holiday/vacation/trip都可以。

16、句意:如果你想家了...。feel/get表示有...的感觉或者倾向。

17、根据句意:你可以在报馆买到自己国家的报纸或杂志。from和of均符合原文句意。

18、beableto为固定搭配,表示“可以,能够”。

19、根据原文句意可知,这里指可以买到全部的莎士比亚作品。

20、atleisure为固定搭配,表示“从容地,休闲地”。这里指在你闲暇的时候可以看看减价的商品。

7.单选题

Manypeoplebelievethatthefamilyisthe（

）ofthecommunity.

问题1选项

A.nucleus

B.latitude

C.swamp

D.destiny

【答案】A

【解析】nucleus核心；latitude纬度,界限；swamp沼泽,湿地；destiny命运,定数。句意:许多人认为家庭是社区的核心。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Whentheenginedidnotstart,themechanicinspectedallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

问题1选项

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】atfault为固定搭配，意为“出毛病,有故障”。句意：当发动机不启动时，机修工检查了所有的部件以找出故障所在。选项C符合句意。

9.翻译题

一本好书就是一位益友。它始终如一，过去如此，现在依然如此，将来也绝不会改变。它是最有耐心、最令人愉悦的朋友。在我们身处逆境、痛苦不堪的时候，它也不会背弃我们。它总是善意地接待我们，在我们年轻时给我们以快乐和教益，在我们年迈时给我们以安抚和慰藉。书籍的灵魂是不朽的，它们是人类迄今最为持久的结晶。

【答案】Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.Itisthemostpatientandcheerfulcompanion.Itdoesnotturnitsbackuponusintimesofadversityordistress.Italwaysreceivesuswiththesamekindness,amusingandinstructingusinyouth,andcomfortingandconsolingusinage.Bookspossessanessenceofimmortality.Theyarebyfarthemostlastingproductsofhumaneffort.

10.翻译题

工作使人忙碌，让人不会感到寂寞、孤独。工作给人以充实感和成就感。研究表明，人们无事可做时会感到不愉快、忧虑、孤独。相反，忙于工作的人感到最愉快。许多热爱事业、卓有成就的人感到在努力工作时最幸福。工作起到人与现实之间的桥梁作用:通过工作，人们彼此接触;通过集体活动，人们得到友谊和温暖。由此我们可以得出结论：工作能使人幸福,使人健康。

【答案】Workmakesonebusy,makesonefeelneitherlonelynorsolitary.Workgivesoneasenseofenrichmentandasenseofachievement.Researchindicatesthatpeoplefeelunhappy,concernedandsolitarywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Onthecontrary,peoplebusywiththeirworkfeelextremelyhappy.Manypeoplelovingtheircareerandhavingmadetheirprominentachievementsfeelveryhappywhileworkinghard.Workservesasabridgebetweenpeopleandreality.Throughwork,peopleareabletocomeintocontactwithoneanother.Throughcollectiveactivities,peoplegetfriendshipandwarmth.Thuswecanreachtheconclusionthatworkcanmakeonehappyandhealthy.

11.单选题

Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.Inasmall,homogeneous,simplesociety,thesesocialcontrolscanbeimposedandenforcedbythefamilyorclan.Butinalarge,heterogeneouscomplexsociety,theinstitutionofgovernmenttakesoverthisfunction.

Forpurposesofanalysis,socialcontrolmaybedividedintomoralcontrolandpoliticalcontrol.Moralcontrolderivesfromtheinternalizedbeliefsandvaluesofasocietyandregulations,eachindividual’sbehaviorwithouttheuseofoutsideenforcement.Politicalcontroldoesinvolveenforcementfromtheoutsidesincetheindividualisnotalwayscertainthattheruleheisfollowingisjustandright.Hefollowsittoconform,toavoidpunishment,ortoreceivesocialrewards.

Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.Inaddition,awidediscrepancybetweenmoralandpoliticalcontrolwillresultinaconditionofgenerallawlessness.SuchaconditionhasoccurredintheUnitedStatesonseveraloccasionsandisnowevidentamongsomegroupsofsocietyaccordingto“TheRootsofLawlessness”byhistorianHenrySteeleCommander.

Government,amajorsocialinstitution,maybeviewedasasetofproceduresbywhichasocietyrealizesagoodportionofitsgoals.Governmentisfurtheruniqueasaninstitutionbecauseitservestoreinforcethefunctionofotherinstitutions.Thus,individualsviolatingtherulesandregulationoftheeconomic,educational,orfamilyinstitutionsmustultimatelyfacethepunitivepowerofgovernment.

1.Aconditioncharacterizedbytheabsenceofsocialorganizationandsocialcontrol,andbythebeliefthatpoliticalauthorityisunnecessaryis（）.

2.Theinternalizedformofsocialcontrolis（）.

3.Legitimatepowerrightfullyexercisediscalled（）.

4.WhichstatementisNOTcorrect?

问题1选项

A.moralcontrol

B.politicalpower

C.anarchy

D.authority

问题2选项

A.commitment

B.power

C.authority

D.government

问题3选项

A.authority

B.charisma

C.legitimacy

D.morality

问题4选项

A.Politicalcontrolmustoccasionallybecontrolledbyanoutsideforce.

B.Politicalcontrolcanexistwithoutmoralcontrolinasociety.

C.Politicalcontrolreinforcemoralcontrol.

D.Politicalcontrolemanatesfromwithin.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.”政府是人类群体生活方式所产生的机构,它维持着一系列的社会控制以防止混乱。反过来说,缺乏社会组织和社会控制,认为政治权威是不必要的,是无政府的状态。所以选项C正确。

2.根据第一段的第一句可知,社会控制的内在化形式是政府。选项D正确。

3.根据第三段第一句“Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.”政治控制是道德控制的产物,它的有效性取决于社会成员是否愿意把政府的权威看作是正当的和正义的东西。所以正当行使合法权力被称为权威。选项A正确。

4.根据第三段第二句“Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.”被迫威逼大多数成员接受没有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不会长久。也就是说,政治控制不能在没有道德控制的社会中存在。选项B与之刚好相反,所以不正确。

12.单选题

ScarJoisnotthefirstAmericantoconveytheimpressionthatyoucangetbyinPariswithoutspeakingFrench;DavidSedarisfoundplentyofmaterialwritingabouthisdreadoflearningFrenchwhenhelivedinParis.Heavoidedthechallengelargelybyhidingawayalldayintheaters,watchingEnglish-languagefilms.DirectorWesAndersonloveshisplaceinParis,butfreelyadmitshedoesn’tspeakthelanguageatleastnotwellenoughtounderstandqueriesatpressconferences.Hence,thequestion:CanyouactuallyliveinPariswithoutspeakingFrench?

AssomeonemarriedtoaFrenchman,withwhomIliveinParisafewmonthsofeveryyear,I’lloffermyquickanswer:Yes.Butifyoucan’treallytalktoParisians,youwillneverhitthebeautiful,thoughtful,gentlesweetsoftspotthatliesbehindtheirFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence—whichpresentsitselfascoldnessorcrankiness.Findingthatsweetspot,viahourschattingwiththemincafesandbars,allowedmetoloveParisiansafteralongperiodoffindingthemcompletelyimpossible.Ifyouaregoingtolearn,theonlywaytogoistotalimmersion.So:

1.TakelessonsorhireatutortositinacafeandspeakFrenchwithyouasoftenasyoucanafford.(Andgiventhenumberofwell-educated,unemployedParisyouthseekingwork,it’snotthatexpensive.)

2.InsistthatyourFrenchfriendsspeakonlyFrenchwithyou.Thisispainfulandwillsendyouhomeattheendofthedaywithanachinghead.Butyou’llalsosoonrealizejusthowdifferenteverydayFrenchisfromthestilted,outdatedFrenchyoulearnedinschool.Onlyveryformalorwrittencasescallforbeginningquestionswith“Est-ceque...”orforusingthenousformforusanymore.AndlestyoutakeoffensewhenaParisianrepliestoyourFrenchwithherEnglish,remember—it’sherchancetoshowoffandpracticeherESL.ParisianswantyoutoknowthattheyarefarmorelikelytospeakgoodEnglishthanFrenchpeopleoutsideofParis,whoseEnglishmasteryembarrassinglyfallsbehindnotjustNorthernEuropebutEasternEurope,andwhoseconfidencelevelsaboutspeakingEnglish,accordingly,arealsolow.

Also,don’ttakeoffenseifsomeoneseemstobealmostdaringyoutospeakFrench.SaysmyfriendCindraFeuer,whohasbeenlivingonandoffinParisfornearlytwoyearswithherFrenchgirlfriend:HerfatherspeaksgoodEnglish,buthealwaystalkstomeinFrench.IthoughtitwasachallengeuntilmygirlfriendtoldmethathewasjustinsecureaboutspeakinglessthanperfectEnglisharoundme.AndthereinliesabigdifferencebetweenParisiansandAmericans,andourschoolingsystems.Wewereschooledandweliveinaculturewhereit’sokaytostumble,totryandfail,tobelessthanperfect.Theold,rote,didactic,shame-basedFrenchschoolingsystemdieshard.FrenchpeopleareoftenafraidtospeakEnglishunlesstheycanfeelassuredit’simpeccable.You,however,shouldcastshameaside.Andifyoudon’thavetimeforatutor,here’saquickguideonhowtofakeit.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,ifonecan’treallytalktoParisians,hewill________.

6.Parisianslikereplyingtoothers’FrenchwiththeirEnglishbecause________.

7.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutParisianswhencomparedwithAmericans?

8.Whatistheauthorgoingtowriteaboutattheendofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.avoidmeetingwithFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence

B.failtogetbyorchatwithParisiansincafesandbars

C.missthechanceofenjoyingtherealcharmofParisians

D.finditanurgentcalltolearnFrenchwell

问题2选项

A.theyareafraidofmakingothersoffended

B.theyfeelinferiortoEuropeansintermsoflanguage

C.theyarehelpfultopeopleoutsideofParis

D.theyfeelproudoftheirabilitytospeakgoodEnglish

问题3选项

A.TheydonotallowthemselvestomakemistakesinspeakingEnglish.

B.TheyfeelassuredaboutstumblingwhenspeakingtoAmericans.

C.TheydonotliketheirschoolingsystemofteachingEnglish.

D.TheyenjoycompetingwithAmericansinspeakingEnglish.

问题4选项

A.SuggestionsonhowtospeakproperFrench.

B.Adviceonhowtocastshameaside.

C.Guidanceforlookingforaqualifiedtutor.

D.ArrangementsforpractisingFrench.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：作者认为，如果一个人不能和巴黎人交流，他将……？根据题干定位到文章第二段第二句话Butifyoucan’treallytalktoParisians,youwillneverhitthebeautiful,thoughtful,gentlesweetsoftspotthatliesbehindtheirFrenchshynessandlackofconfidence—whichpresentsitselfascoldnessorcrankiness.（但是如果你真的不能和巴黎人交谈，你将永不能发现，藏在法国人害羞和缺乏自信——常表现为冷漠和偏执背后的是那些美丽的，体贴的，温和的，甜美的软肋。），可知巴黎人通常表现为冷漠和偏执，只有通过交流，才能发现他们的各种优点。因此，C选项“错失了欣赏巴黎人真正的魅力的机会”，符合题意；A项“不会看到法国人的害羞以及缺乏自信”，与原文相悖，故排除；文章第二段第三句话Findingthatsweetspot,viahourschattingwiththemincafesandbars（最有效的方式就是和他们在咖啡馆或者酒吧聊天），这句话说明了解巴黎人的魅力的方法是通过在咖啡馆和酒吧聊天，而B项“不能和巴黎人在咖啡馆和酒吧聊天”，不是不能和巴黎人交流的后果，而是和巴黎人交流最好的方式，因此B选项不符合题意；D项“发现学好法语是急迫要求”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题正确答案为C选项。

6.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：巴黎人喜欢用英语回应其他法国人是因为……？根据题干定位到文章第四段第五句话AndlestyoutakeoffensewhenaParisianrepliestoyourFrenchwithherEnglish,remember—it’sherchancetoshowoffandpracticeherESL.（当一个巴黎人用英语回答你的法语时，你要记住，这是她炫耀和练习英语的机会），可知D选项“他们对于自己说好英语的能力感到骄傲”，符合题意；根据文章第四段第六句话ParisianswantyoutoknowthattheyarefarmorelikelytospeakgoodEnglishthanFrenchpeopleoutsideofParis...,arealsolow.（巴黎人想让你知道，他们比巴黎以外的法国人更有可能讲一口流利的英语……，他们对说英语也没有什么自信。），可知除巴黎之外其他城市的法国人说英语不如欧洲人而且他们不自信，而B选项“在语言方面，他们觉得自己不如欧洲人”，主语是巴黎人，不符合题意，排除；A选项“他们害怕让其他人感到不舒服”和C选项“他们有助于巴黎之外的人”，在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项。

7.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：和美国人相比，作者怎么认为巴黎人？根据题干定位到文章最后一段第五句话Wewereschooledandweliveinaculturewhereit’sokaytostumble,totryandfail,tobelessthanperfect.Theold,rote,didactic,shame-basedFrenchschoolingsystemdieshard.FrenchpeopleareoftenafraidtospeakEnglishunlesstheycanfeelassuredit’simpeccable.（我们受过教育，且我们的文化教会我们摔倒，尝试后失败，不完美都是没关系的。然而老式，生硬，说教，以羞耻为基础的法国学校教育体制很难改变。法国人常害怕说英语，除非他们确认自己不会犯错），可知法国人只有在确定没有错误的前提下，才会说英语，因此A选项“在说英语的时候，他们不允许自己犯错”，符合题意；B选项“当和美国人说英语的时候，对于障碍，他们感到自信”，本句提到美国人说第二母语是不会害怕犯错的，但是法国人相反，因此B选项的描述错误，排除；C项“他们不喜欢学校的英语教学体制”，在文中没有提及，故排除；D项“在说英语方面，他们享受和美国竞争”，文章只提及了美国人和法国人在说非母语时的不同，并没有提到竞争，故D选项排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。

8.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干：在文章末尾，作者打算写……？最后一段作者提到相比于美国人，法国人说英语时害怕犯错。紧接着最后一句话提到You,however,shouldcastshameaside.Andifyoudon’thavetimeforatutor,here’saquickguideonhowtofakeit.（然而，你应该抛开羞耻。如果你没有时间请家教，这里有一个快速指南教你如何伪装。），可知作者建议我们学习法语时，不应该害羞，害怕犯错，如果没时间上课学习法语，这里有一些建议，因此作者接下来很可能会教授如何说好法语的建议，因此A选项“说好法语的建议”，符合题意；B选项“抛开耻辱的建议”和C选项“寻找合格导师的指导”都是属于文章的过度推断，排除；D选项“练习法语的安排”，作者只会给读者一些建议，而不是安排，故排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。

13.单选题

Afriendshipmaybe（

）,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.original

C.superficial

D.critical

【答案】C

【解析】根据句意可知,填空处的内容应该与or后面意思相反且与casual,situational意思相近。句意:友谊可以是浅薄的、随意的、场合性的,也可以是深刻的、持久的。只有选项C符合语境。

14.单选题

Hewasfiredbecauseofhis（

）refusaltofolloworders.

问题1选项

A.obstinate

B.obedient

C.obsolete

D.obstructive

【答案】A

【解析】obstinate顽固的，倔强的；obedient服从的；obsolete废弃的；obstructive阻碍的，妨碍的。句意：他因固执地拒绝服从命令而被解雇了。选项A符合句意。

15.写作题

Youaresupposedtowritealettertotheeditorofajournalinyourfield,thankinghimforsuggestionsandadviceforyourpapersubmitted,andinforminghimofthemodificationsandimprovementsyouhavemade.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearEditor”.

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearEditor,

Itisapleasantsurpriseformetolearnthroughyourlong-distancecallthatmyresearchpaperentitledTheCulturalConnotationofMissouriNicknameShowMeStateandItsDifferentChineseVersionswillbepublishedinthefirstissueofyourjournalin2014,whoseimpactfactorismorethan1.0.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourrepeatedscrutinyandrevisionofmyresearchpaper.Ifithadnotbeenforyourwarm-heartedhelpandpatienttutelage,myresearchpaperwouldhavecontainedmuchmoreerrorsandimperfectionsthanitactuallydoes.Forexample,inthisthesis,IsimplyputforwardtheculturalconnotationofMissouri’snicknameShowMeStateandseveralChinesetranslatednameswithoutrememberingtopointoutitsorigin,bymeansofwhichthereadingaudienceintheEnglish-speakingworldandthenon-English-speakingworldcanhaveanin-depthunderstandingofitsculturalconnotation.Itisyourguidancethathasenabledmetoimprovealotmytreatise,whichhasbecomemoresubstantialthanitusedtobe.Youradviceisenlighteningandhasbroadenedmyhorizons.Itisyouwhohavegivenmeconfidence,inspirationandacademiccourage.IwillsticktomycurrentresearchorientationandstrivetocreatemoreresearchpapersrelatedtoAmericanculture.

BestRegards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

16.翻译题

Arecentphenomenoninpresent-dayscienceandtechnologyistheincreasingtrendtoward“directed”or“programmed”research;i.e.researchwhosescopeandobjectivesarepredeterminedbyprivateorgovernmentorganizationsratherthanresearchersthemselves.Anyscientistworkingforsuchorganizationsandinvestigatinginagivenfieldthereforetendstodosoinaccordancewithaplanorprogramdesignedbeforehand.

Atthebeginningofthecentury,however,thesituationwasquitedifferent.Atthattimetherewerenoindustrialresearchorganizationsinthemodernsense;thelaboratoryunitconsistedofafewscientistsatthemost,assistedbyoneortwotechnici