2023-2024学年北京市高三下学期开学摸底考英语检测试卷（含答案）

2023-2024学年北京市高三下学期开学摸底考英语检测试卷说明：本试卷共9页，共100分；考试时间90分钟；请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将条形码贴在答题卡的相应位置上。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Gang（团伙）tensionswererisingatSouthwoodHighSchool.Somecommunityactivistshelda（n）1meetingwithparentsandtheprincipal.Agroupofthefathers2decideditwastimetomaketheir3knownoncampus.That’showDadsonDutywasbornwithitsgoal-makesurethekidsaresafe.Around40menorganizedintosix-personshifts,withtwoshiftsoncampuseveryday.They4thedayafterthemeeting.Thesepeople5theirownschedulesandcommitmentswithoutcomplaint.Someofthemarefathersofkidsattheschool,whileothersarenotbutexpecttheyouthintheircommunitytoknowtheyhaveanentirevillagebehindthem.Now,anyonewhowantstoentertheschoolwith6willhavetoavoidenergeticpapabears,bigsmilesandmanydadjokes.It’shardtobeatoughguywhensomebody’sunclehasjust7youintocheckingyourshoelacesforcountlesstimes,onlytofindthattheyarenot,infact,untied.SinceDadsonDutyarrivedoncampus,gangbattleshavedramaticallydeclined.“Theschoolhasbeenhappy,youcanfeelit,”saidonestudent.AnothertoldtheWashingtonPost,“They8allthekidslikewe’retheirownchildren.”Thedadsaren’tmeantto9securityguards.Iftheydoseeafightmayoccur,theygetsecurityonthesceneassoonaspossible.Theirpresenceismeanttobemore10thanreactionary.1．A．private B．difficult C．emergency D．scheduled2．A．onduty B．inattendance C．atwork D．underguard3．A．voice B．status C．effort D．presence4．A．started B．practiced C．gathered D．prepared5．A．check B．maintain C．sacrifice D．arrange6．A．confusion B．anger C．fright D．shock7．A．tricked B．persuaded C．forced D．scared8．A．trustin B．interactwith C．makefunof D．lookupto9．A．change B．become C．replace D．criticize10．A．practical B．extraordinary C．temporary D．preventive第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ABythetimeMichaelPhelpsretiredat31,he11（collect）atotalof23golds,threesilversandtwobronzesattheOlympics,arecordthatlooksunlikelytobebrokenformanyyears12（come）.Phelpssufferedhyperactivitydisorderasachildand13（encourage）totakeupswimmingatseventocontrolhisenergy.Overtheyearshedevelopedintoachampionswimmer,beatingrecordafterrecord.“Iwastryingtosee14Icouldreallydoandwheremypotentialcouldgo”,saidPhelps.BHowtostaypositivewhenthingsdon’tgoas15（plan）?Oneeffectivestrategyistofocusonwhatyoucancontrol.Whilecertainaspectsofasituationmaybe16yourinfluence,identifyingandtakingactionontheelementswithinyourcontrolcan:empoweryou.Thisproactiveapproachhelpsshiftyourfocusfromdwellingonthedisappointmentto17（take）constructivestepstowardapositiveoutcome.CLanguagelearningnotonlyimprovesyourabilitytoexpressyourselfbutalso18（deep）yourunderstandingofothers.Itmeansexposuretodifferentcultures,traditionsandcustoms,19.helpsyougainagreaterappreciationfordiversityandfosterempathyandunderstandingtowardsothers.Apartfromthat,whenyoulearnalanguagespokeninaparticularregionorcountry,itenhancesyourtravelexperiencesbyallowingyoutocommunicatewith20（local）,understandtheirculture,andnavigateunfamiliarplacesmoreeasily.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AThe2022WorldCuphascometoanend.Let’sreviewsomefactsaboutthehi-techturf（草皮）thatQatarhadspentmuchofitsenergyon.Qatar,adesertnation,hadthreemainchallenges:water,airandlight.Itgotalmosteveryconditiongoingagainstit.Thewaterusedtoirrigatethegrassislowquality,mainlytreatedseawater.Becauseofthedesertsun,Qatar’sstadiumswerebuiltformaximumshade-greatforpreventingheatstroke,butlessidealforphotosynthesis（光合作用）.Insidethenearly-closedstadiums,there’sverylittleairmovement.QataridentifiedpitchqualityasaparticularissueandsetuptheAspireSportTurfResearchandDevelopmentCentretofindthebesttypesofgrassforuseintheharshclimate,testing24differentvarieties.Eventually,AtlasTurf’sgrasswaschosenasmuchforitsappearanceasitstoleranceforthetoughconditionsQatarfaces.Thefollowingpicturesshowsometechfactsabouttheturf,whichensuresaconsistentanddurablesurfacefortheplayersinallweatherconditions.21．Whatinformationcanwelearnfromthepassage?①theconditionsagainstgrassgrowinginQatar②thematerialthestadiumswerebuiltwith③thesupplieroftheturfgrass④theeffortsQatarmadetoselectthemostsuitablegrass⑤thetechnologyinvolvedinmakingtheturf⑥thetoughchallengesfacingthefootballplayersA.①③④⑤ B.①③⑤⑥ C.②③④⑤ D.②④⑤⑥22．AtlasTurf’sgrassischosenprobablybecause______.A．ithasverylittleairmovement B．itbecomesroughinwindyweatherC．itisshade-tolerant D．itappearstohaveagoldencolor23．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheturf?A．24typesofgrasshavebeenplantedontheturf. B．Damagetotheturfcanberecoveredquickly.C．Artificialgrasscovers70percentoftheturf. D．Watercanbesavedatthebottomoftheturf.BEveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcernthatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggrey.Myspiritsebb,astheydidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine.“Justwait,”aneighbouradvised.“You’llwakeuponemorningandspringwilljustbehere.”Andlook,on3MaythatyearIawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofflippingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreens.Leaveshadunfoldedanddaffodilswerefightingtheirwayheavenward.Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighbourhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree’sdarktwistedbranchesstretchoutinunpruned（未经修剪的）abandon.Eachspringitblossomssofreelythattheairbecomesfilledwiththescentofapple.Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inabitofspringmadness,Isetouttoremoveafewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighboursopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches.ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknewandseldomspoketo,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheirpersonalgardens.Mymobile-homeneighbourwasthefirsttospeak.“You’renotcuttingitdown,areyou?”sheaskedanxiously.AnotherneighbourfrownedasIcutoffabranch.“Don’tkillit,now,”hewarned.Soonhalftheneighbourhoodhadjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyearsandonlynowwaslearningthesepeople’snames,whattheydidforaliving,andhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.Icouldn’thelprecallingRobertFrost’swords:Thetreesthathaveitintheirpent-upbudsTodarkennatureandbesummerwoodsOnethawledtoanother.JusttheotherdayIsawoneofmyneighboursatthelocalstore.Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighbourhood.Andthen,helookedatmeandsaid,“Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain.”24．Bysayingthat“myspiritsebb”inparagraph1,theauthormeansthat______.A．hefeelsrelieved B．heistired C．heissurprised D．hefeelsblue25．Theappletreementionedinthepassageismostlikelyto______.A．beappealingonlytotheauthor B．havebeenabandonedbyitsoriginalownerC．beregardedasadelightintheneighbourhood D．havebeenneglectedbyeveryoneinthecommunity26．Accordingtoparagraph4,whydidtheneighboursopentheirwindowsandstepontotheirporches?A．Theywantedtogettoknowtheauthor.B．Theywereconcernedaboutthesafetyofthetree.C．Theywantedtopreventtheauthorfrompruningthetree.D．Theyweresurprisedthatsomeoneunknownwaspruningthetree.27．Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor’sneighbourmentionedinthelastparagraphmostcaredabout______.A．whenspringwouldarrive B．howtosurvivethelongwinterC．thepruningoftheappletree D．theneighbourhoodgatheringCAbabyborntodaywillbethirty-somethingin2050．Ifallgoeswell,thatbabywillstillbearoundin2100,andmightevenbeanactivecitizenofthe22ⁿᵈcentury.Whatshouldweteachthatbabytohelpthemsurviveandflourishintheworldof2050andbeyond?Whatkindofskillswilltheyneedinordertogetajob,understandwhatishappeningaroundthem,andnavigatetheirtoughlife?Atpresent,toomanyschoolsacrosstheworldfocusonprovidingpupilswithasetofpredeterminedskills,suchaswritingcomputercodeinC++andconversinginChinese.Yetsincewehavenoideahowtheworldandthejobmarketwilllookin2050,wedon’treallyknowwhatparticularskillspeoplewillneed.WemightinvestalotofeffortinteachingkidshowtowriteinC++ortospeakChinese,onlytodiscoversoonerorlaterthatAIwillhavebeenabletocodesoftwarefarbetterthanhumans,andthatanewtranslationappwillhaveenabledyoutoconductaconversationinalmostflawlessMandarin,CantoneseorHakka,eventhoughyouonlyknowhowtosaynihao.Sowhatshouldwebeteaching?Manyexpertsarguethatschoolsshoulddownplaytechnicalskillsandemphasizegeneral-purposelifeskills:theabilitytodealwithchange,tolearnnewthings,andtopreserveyourmentalbalanceinunfamiliarsituations.Inordertokeepupwiththeworldof2050,youwillaboveallneedtoreinventyourselfagainandagain.Tosucceedinsuchademandingtask,youwillneedtoworkveryhardongettingtoknowyouroperatingsystembetter-toknowwhatyouareandwhatyouwantfromlife.Thisis,ofcourse,theoldestadviceinthebook:knowthyself.Thisadvicewasnevermoreurgentthaninthemid-21stcentury,becauseunlikeinthedaysofLaoziorSocrates,nowyouhaveseriouscompetition.Coca-Cola,Amazonandareallracingtohackyou.Rightnow,thealgorithmsarewatchingwhereyougo,whatyoubuy,andwhoyoumeet.Soontheywillmonitorallyoursteps,breathsandheartbeats.Theyarerelyingonbigdataandmachinelearningtogettoknowyoubetterandbetter.Andoncethesealgorithmsknowyoubetterthanyouknowyourself,theycouldcontrolandmanipulateyou.Intheend,authoritywillshifttothem.Ofcourse,youmightbeperfectlyhappygivingupallauthoritytothealgorithmsandtrustingthemtomakedecisionsforyouandfortherestoftheworld.If,however,youwanttomaintainsomecontroloveryourpersonalexistenceandoverthefutureoflifeingeneral,youhavetorunfasterthanthealgorithms.Torunfast,don’ttakemuchluggagewithyou.Leaveallyourillusionsbehind.Theyareveryheavy.28．Accordingtothearticle,______playsavitalroleinchildren’sbrightfuture.A．imagination B．adaptabilityC．self-discipline D．agoodsenseofbalance29．It’simportanttoknowouroperatingsystembecause______.A．algorithmswillhackallourdevicesifwedonotknowit.B．itisanessentialskillforustosucceedintheworldof2050.C．weneedtolearnhowalgorithmsworkandmakefulluseofthem.D．weneedtooutrunalgorithmstokeepsomecontroloverourlife.30．Thearticlemainlytalksabout______.A．theimportanceofknowingyourself B．thethreatsanddangersoftechnologyC．whatskillswemightneedinthefuture D．benefitsofalgorithmstohumankindDWehavebeendefendinghumanitiesformanydecadesnow,butthecrisisofthehumanitiesonlygrows.Inthefaceofdecliningstudentinterestandmountingpoliticalscrutiny（审查）,universitiesandcollegesareincreasinglyputtinghumanitiesdepartmentsonthechoppingblock.Asahumanist,IampreparedtoadmitthatIdonotknowwhatthevalueofthehumanitiesis.IonceaskedthebestteacherIeverhadwhyshenolongertaughtherfavoritenovel,andshesaidthatshestoppedteachingabookwhenshefoundshewasnolongercuriousaboutit.Thehumanisticspiritis,fundamentally,aninquisitiveone.Incontrast,defensesofthehumanitiesarenot-andcannotbe-conductedinaninquisitivespirit,becauseadefensivespiritisinimicaltoaninquisitiveone.Defensivenessis,itmustbeadmitted,anunderstandableresponsewhenthechoppingblockisbroughtoutandyouneedtoexplainwhyyoushouldn’tbeonit,whichrequirestheirparticipantstopretendtoknowthingsthattheydonotactuallyknow.Nonetheless,weshouldbealerttothedangerofbecomingaccustomedtoputtingourworstfootforward.Anatmosphereofurgencyandcallsforimmediateactionarehostiletofieldsofstudylikeliteratureandphilosophythatrequireareflectivemood,andthepretense（假装）ofknowingwhatonedoesn’tactuallyknowishostiletoformsofinquirythatdemandanopenmind.Adefensivemindsetalsoencouragespoliticization.Ifthestudyofliteratureorphilosophyhelpstofightsexismortopromotedemocracy—andeveryoneagreesthatsexismisbad,anddemocracyisgood-thenyouhaveyouranswerastowhyweshouldn’tcutfundingforthestudyofliteratureorphilosophy.Politicizationisawayofarmingthehumanitiesforitspoliticalbattles,butitcomesatanintellectualcost.Whyissexismsobad?Whyisdemocracysogood?Politicizationsilencestheseandotherquestions,whereasthefunctionofthehumanitiesistoraisethem.Humanistsarenotaloneintheirignoranceaboutthepurposeoftheirdisciplines.Butscientistsareunderalotlesspressuretoexplainwhytheyexistbecausethesocietyatlargebelievesitselftoalreadyhavetheanswertothatquestion.IfatsomepointIamcalledontodefendthestudyofHomerorDescartesatsomeofficialhearing,Iwilldomybest,butIwillnotruntobattle;thebattlewillhavetocometome.Thetaskofhumanistsistoinvite,towelcome,toexcite,toengage.Andwhenweletourselvesclassroomsbutalsoinourpublic-selfpresentation,wefindwedon’tneedtodefendorproveanything:Weareirresistible.31．Whatisthemainconcernregardingthecrisisinhumanities?A．Students’lackofinterestinstudyinghumanitiescourses.B．People’slittleknowledgeregardingthepurposeofhumanities.C．Themountingpoliticalscrutinyfacedbyhumanitiesdepartments.D．Thepressureonhumaniststoargueforthevalueoftheirdisciplines.32．Whatdoestheword“inimical”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．contrary. B．relevant. C．sensitive. D．immune.33．Whatcanbeinferredaboutadefensivemindset?A．Itistheworstactiontotakeinthefaceofthecrisis.B．Itleadstoacompromiseonhuman’sintellectualdepth.C．Itrequiresareflectivemoodonthestudyofhumanities.D．Itbringsaboutalowerchanceofsurvivalforhumanities.34．Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthormostprobablyagree?A．Humanitiesmaynotneedanydefense. B．Scienceismoreusefulthanhumanities.C．Thefutureofhumanitiesremainscloudy. D．Thebattleofhumanitiesisahardonetofight.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Endlessstudiesshowthephysical,mentalandlongevity-basedbenefitsofworkingout,whileplentysuggestthatavoidingactivityisbad.Butheadlinesaboutsomeonecollapsingafterarowalwaysstickinthemind.So,howriskyistrainingtoohard?35TheNHSrecommendsthathealthyadultsaimforatleast150minutesofmoderate-intensityactivity-butdoesn’tsuggestwheretostop.Thisisbecausetheabilitytohandleexcessexertion（过度努力）dependsonmanyvariedfactors.Theexactcauseof“overtraining”,inthesenseofdoingtoomuchoveranextendedperiod,isstillbeingdebated.36Otherssuggesttheintestinalmicrobiota（肠道菌群）areinvolved.Whateverthecase,itcanhurttherestofyourlife,makingyoumoody,tired,orinjury-prone.Thebestadviceistopayattentionwhenyoulackenergyorfeelunwellandbackoffabit.Ifyouarearunner,thiscanalsohelpwiththecommoncomplaintofshinsplints（胫骨骨膜炎）,ormoreseriousstressfractures,whicharetinycracksintheboneitself.Thelatter.whichcanbeduetoasuddenincreaseintrainingintensity,won’thealuntilyoueaseoff.37“Theobviousriskfactorsarelinkedtoimpactandexertion,”saysSteveHoyles,apersonaltrainerandgymowner.“Runningisahigh-impactactivityandanalysisshowsthatinexperiencedrunnerssufferanaverageof17.8injuriesper1,000hours,whereasingymuserstheaverageis5.3injuriesper1,000hours.38Combiningthesewithaformofresistancetrainingwouldbehelpful.Strongmuscles,bones,andconnectivetissuesaremoreresistanttoinjurythanweakertissues,soprioritisesomeformofstrengthtraining,regardlessofyourexerciseofchoice.”39Byeasinginandincreasingthedifficultygradually,youwilllearntolistentoyourbody,whichcanhelptowarnyouifsomethingdoesgowrong.Bynotthrashingyourselffromthestart,youwilllearntoloveexercise—anddoitforthelonghaul.A．Thestoryissimilarformenandwomenatriskofstroke.B．Sodoyourbesttoavoidthembynotpushingtoohard,ortoofast.C．Someexpertstheorisethatit’sallaboutthecentralnervoussystem.D．Swimmingandcyclingarelow-impactbutofferlimitedstrengthbenefits.E．Andisthereawaytomakesureyounevercrossthatredlineintodangerousterritory?F．Ifyoudon’thaveexistingproblems,thechancesofsomethinggoingwrongareverylow.G．Exercisewillimproveyourqualityoflifeandalmostcertainlyyourchancesoflivinglonger.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeanimportantskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld-arecord.Reportsfrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdsaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meterstop.MoretraditionalmountaineershavebeenconcernedaboutthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralgroupsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorms.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,buttheloss,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofclimberstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofmountaineersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oldShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest,16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbutfailed.ErikWeihennieyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingthetypeoflandandringingbells.NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow.Thegovernmentchargesjourneysaminimumof$70,000．ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelle