外研版初二(上)英语第12讲：Module-6语法篇(教师版)

Module6语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本模块语法知识。1.形容词变成副词的规律。一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quick—quickly,slow—slowly,loud—loudly,sudden—suddenly等。特殊情况：构成方法例子一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加-ly。happy—happily,angry—angrily有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉e加-y。

possible—possiblyterrible—terribly少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。true—trulypolite—politelywide—widely以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y。careful—carefullyuseful—usefullyfull—fully温馨提示：副词修饰行为动词这一点。如：Heisvery________(careful).Hedoeseverything________(carefully)第一句中是作表语，用形容词careful；第二句中修饰行为动词does用副词carefully。常考的形容词和副词辨析有：hard努力——hardly几乎不；late迟的，晚的——lately近来；deep深——deeply深深地；near靠近——nearly差不多；wide宽——widely广泛地；high高的——highly高度地；close靠近的——closely密切地；free免费的——freely自由地。2．-ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别。-ing形容词-ed形容词例句interesting有趣的

interested感兴趣的Ihaveaninterestingbook.Heisinterestedinscience.exciting令人兴奋的

excited感到兴奋的

Haveyouheardoftheexcitingnews？Weareexcitedaboutthetraveling.moving令人感动的

moved受感动的

Titanicisamovingfilm.WearemovedbyHongZhanhuideeply.表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。

表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.+-ed形容词+介词”结构。Weareallinterestedintheinterestingstory.

3．复习动词不定式。（1）不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，或省略to用动词原形。在句中使用时不能作谓语，但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。e.g.ThemotherwantshertoreadEnglisheveryday.母亲要她的儿子每天读英语。Mymotheraskedmenottoreadinbed.我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书。（2）不定式的句法作用：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作宾语、宾补和状语。①作宾语e.g.Hewantstogooutwithher.他想和她一起出去。（wanttodosth.意为“想要做某事”）注意：a.一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望，如：wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。e.g.Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening？你今晚想去看电影吗？b.在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。e.g.IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语很简单。②作宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。e.g.Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露丝要他关小收音机。(他关小收音机)注意：动词不定式在使役动词make,let和感官动词see,watch,hear,feel等词后作宾补时，常省去不定式符号to。hadbetter,wouldrather后的不定式也不带to，help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。e.g.Hermothermakesherdohomeworkeveryevening.她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业。Let’sseethedolphins.我们去看海豚吧。Ihearhersingeveryday.我听见她每天都唱歌。You’dbetterdohomeworkfirst.你最好先做作业。但make,see,hear等词在被动语态中，其后的不定式要带to。e.g.ShewasheardtospeakEnglish.有人听到她说英语。③作目的状语，表示某一动作或状态的目的，常常翻译成“为了……”。它可置于句首或者句末。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加inorderto或soasto。e.g.Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王女士去上海看望她的女儿。Toarriveintime,we’llstartearly.为了及时到达，我们将早出发。Weshouldworkhardinordertopasstheexam.=Weshouldworkhardsoastopasstheexam.我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试。1.Tomstudies________buthissister________studies.A．hard，hardB．hardly，hardlyC．hard，hardlyD．hardly，hard2.—Whatdidthedoctortellyoujustnow?—Hetoldme________lessand________more.A.eat;tosleep B.toeat;sleepC.toeat;sleeping D.eating;sleeping3.Shewasmade______thehouseworkeveryday.do B.todoC.doing D.did4.________thetrain,wegotupearlyandbookedataxiinadvance.catch B.tocatchC.catching D.caught5.Ithinkitmeaningful_______learnEnglish.A.learn B.learningC.tolearn D.learned解析：1.本题考查hard和hardly的区别，通常我们会认为hard的副词是hardly，事实上hard既是adj.又是adv.，而hardly是另外一个adv.，中文是“几乎不……”。hard作为adv.时，通常在修饰的动词之后，而hardly通常在动词之前，译这句中文“Tom学习努力，而他的妹妹则几乎不学习。”同根副词意义有别的，故选C。2本题考查tellsbtodosth,故选B。3本题考查make,see,hear等词在被动语态中，其后的不定式要带to故选B。4本题考查动词不定式作目的状语，表示某一动作或状态的目的，常常翻译成“为了……”。，故选B。5本题考查在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末，故选C。基础演练用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Ihope_____(see)hersoon.2.Sportshelp______(keep)peoplehealthy.3.Iexcept_______(enter)graduateschoolinthefall.4.Hecan’tdecidewhen_______(start).5.Ifounditdifficult_______(work)outthematchproblem.6.Thefirstman______(come)wasanoldman.7.Iaskedhim_______(show)methenewdictionary.8.Hepromised_______(nottell)anyoneaboutit.

1.tosee

2.tokeep

3.toenter

4.tostart

5.towork

6.tocome

7.toshow

8.nottotell

巩固提高1.–WhatdoesJohndoonthefarm?--Oh,hisjobis_______theanimals.A.tofeed B.feedC.tofeeding D.feeds2.Iwasexcited_______frommycousin,LinLi.A.hearing B.hearC.tohear D.heard3.Thestudentshadmanybooksaboutanimalsto_______.A.see B.lookatC.read D.visit4.Heismakingaposter________peoplefromkillingtherareanimals.A.tofeed B.tostopC.tosee D.toshow5.Youdon’tneed__________everynewwordinyourdictionarywhilereading.A.tolookfor B.tolookatC.tolookafter D.tolookup6.Thedifficultyis_________the________ofrareanimals.A.stop,kill B.tostop,killingC.stop,killing D.tostop,kill7.Thetigersgoout______theirfoodwhentheyarehungry.A.tolook B.tolookforC.tofind D.tofindout

8.Ithink________isinterestingtohaveatalkwiththefamousmanonTV.A.that B.thisC.it D.Its9.It’sverykindofhim________mewithmyEnglish.A.helps B.tohelpC.helping D.helpIfeelabitcold.TellKate________thewindows.A.nottoopen B.tonotopenC.don’topen D.notopen答案：ACCBDBBCBA一．根据句意用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Ineed___________(clean)myhousethisafternoon.2.Peterpaidsomemoney___________(get)thatbasketball.3.Doyouthinkwhatwecando___________(save)theanimals?4.It’simportant___________(learn)Chinesewell.5.___________(catch)thebus,Davidhadhisbreakfastquickly.答案：1.toclean2.toget3.tosave4.tolearn5.Tocatch二．选择填空。1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.A.don’t B.not C.willnot D.notto2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.A.nottohave B.nottotake C.didn’ttake D.nottomake3.Tellhim_______thewindow.A.toshutnot B.nottoshut C.tonotshut D.notshut4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donotto5.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating6.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.work B.working C.towork D.worked7.I’mhungry.Getmesomething_________.A.eat B.toeat C.eating D.foreating8.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.---Whynot_______byboatforachange?A.totrygoing B.tryingtogoC.totryandgo D.trygoing9.Johnwasmade_______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashing10.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning答案：DBBACCBDAB三.完形填空。

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、c、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Once,inasmallvillage,livedafamilywitheightchildren.Twoofthechildrenloved

1

verymuch,butthefamilywassopoorthatitwasimpossibletosend

2

ofthemtostudyattheartcollegeatthesametime.Aftermanydiscussions,thetwoboysfinally

3

aplan.Theywouldtoss(抛)acoin.Theloserwouldgo

4

intothemines(煤矿)and,withhisearnings(赚得的钱),

5

hisbrotherstudyingatthecollege.Then,whenthebrotherwhowonthetossfinishedhisstudies,afterfouryears,hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherstudyingatthe

6

JameswonthetossandJackwentdownintothemines.Jamesworkedwithallhisheartandhispaintingsweremuch

7

thanthoseofmostofhisteachers,andbythetimehe

8

,hewasbeginningtomakealotofmoneyforhispaintings.

9

Jamesreturned,thefamilyheldabigdinnerforhisgreatsuccess.Soonafterthemealbegan,James

10

upfromhisseattodrinkatoast(举杯祝酒)tohisdear

11

Hesaid,"Jack,nowyoucangototheartcollegeandyour

12

willcometrue.Iwilltakecareofyou."

ButJacksaid

13

,"Brother,thefouryearsinthemineshasdonetoomuchtomyhands,soit'stoo

14

NowIcan'tevenholdaglass."

Toshowhisgreatloveandrespect,Jamesdrewhisbrother'shandswith

15

towardsthesky.

Hecalledhisdrawing"ThePrayingHands",whichbecameveryfamousyearslater.

1.A.painting

B.books

C.school

D.money2.A.any

B.all

C.both

D.neither3.A.lookedout

B.workedout

C.tookout

D.gotout4.A.off

B.away

C.up

D.down5.A.support

B.agree

C.follow

D.let6.A.home

B.mine

C.college

D.school7.A.better

B.worse

C.cheaper

D,older8.A.arrived

B.graduated

C.walked

D.waited9.A.Before

B.When

C.Though

D.While10.A.picked

B.turned

C.looked

D.stood11.A.brother

B.sister

C.father

D.mother12.A.way

B.idea

C.dream

D.practice13.A.happily

B.surprisedly

C.angrily

D.softly14.A.early

B.late

C.good

D.helpful15.A.legs

B.feet

C.arms

D.fingers

【答案】1.

A

2.

C

3.

B

4.

D

5.A6.C

7.A

8.B

9.B

10.D

11.A

12.C

13.D

14.B

15.D__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2014年外研版八年级上期末测试题）BooksInformationLittleBullAuthor:EllenjamesMainidea:Thebooktellsushowthelovely250-poundbabyelephantlearnsabouttheworldaroundhimPrice:24.0yuanTheTroublewithTeachersAuthor:BarbaraCalamariMainidea:Angelahasfoundherselfintroubleagainatschoolwithherteachers.SheandherfriendsGinaandJohnnywillbepunished.Price:15.0yuanI'veGotaSecretAuthor:CathyWestMainidea:Nine-year-oldMichellegotanewhot-pinknotebookasabirthdaygiftandshebegantokeepadiaryeveryday.Price:30.0yuanMissNobodyAuthor:TomekTryznaMainidea:Attheageoffifteen,Mary-siamoveswithherparentstothenearestbigcity.Thenshemeetstwogirls,KasiaandEva,andtheybegintoteachherthesecretsoflife.Price:33.0yuan1.WhoistheauthorofthebookLittleBull?A．EllenJames. B．BarbaraCalamari.C．CathyWest. D．TomekTryzna.2．HowmuchdoesthebookTheTroublewithTeacherscostyou?A．24.0yuan. B．33.0yuan. C．30.0yuan. D．15.0yuan.3．Whichbookshouldyoubuyifyouwanttoknowaboutakindofanimal?A．I'veGotaSecret. B．TheTroublewithTeachers.C．LittleBull. D．MissNobody.4．CathyWest'sbookis______yuancheaperthanTomekTryzna's.A．four B．threeC．two D．one5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetable?A．Thebookwiththepriceof30.0yuantellsushowtokeepadiary.B．BarbaraCalamari'sbooktellsusthestoryinAngela'shome.C．MissNobodyisaboutafifteen­year­oldgirl.D．Ifyoupay20.0yuan,youcanbuytwobooksabove.ADCBCAWeallknowthegiraffesarethetallestlivinganimalsonland.Butdoyouwanttolearnmoreaboutthem?Letmetellyou.GiraffesliveinAfrica.Theyhaveaverylongneck.Agiraffecanbemorethan18feettall.Agiraffehasfourlong,thinlegs.Thefrontlegsarelongerthanthebacklegs.Itcanrunabout50kilometreseachhour.Agiraffeisprobablyfamousforitslongneck.Itcanreachtheleavesatthetopofthetrees.Agiraffecanlivefor20—25yearsinthewild,andoftenlongeratzoos.Anadult(成年的)giraffeeatsupto140poundsoffoodeachday.Agiraffespendsmostofadayeatinganditgetsjustafewleavesonce.Iteatsleavesontalltrees,tallbushesandtallgrasstoo.Butitsfavouritefoodisleavesontheacaciatrees(金合欢树).Acacialeavescontainalotofwater,soagiraffecangoalongtimewithoutdrinking.1.Whatdoesagiraffelooklike?A.Itisthesecondtallestlivinganimalonland.B.Ithasalongneckandfourlong,thinlegs.C.Itcanlivefor20—25yearsinthewild.D.Itcanrunabout50kilometreseachhour.2.Agiraffeiswell­knownbecauseof_________.A.itsfrontlegsB.itsspeed(速度)C.itsneckD.itsfood3.Whatfooddoesagiraffelikebest?A.Leavesoftheacaciatrees.B.Greengrass.C.Tallbushes.D.Littleanimals.4.Whydoesn’tagiraffedrinkwaterforalongtime?A.It’sananimalofthedesert.B.Itlivesinthegrassland.C.It’sananimallikeacamel.D.Itsfoodcontainssomewater.5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.AgiraffeisananimalfromEurope.B.Agiraffe’sfrontlegsarelongerthanthebacklegs.C.Ittakesagiraffelotsoftimetoeatfood.D.Agiraffeinthewildcanliveforover20years.BCADABDoyouknowwhydifferentanimalsorinsects(昆虫)havetheirspecialcolours?Coloursareusedmainlytoprotectthemselves.Whycan’tsomebirdseasilycatchlocusts(蝗虫)?Itisbecauselocustschangetheircolourstogetherwiththechangeofthecoloursofcrops(庄稼)．Whencropsaregreen,locustslookgreen.Butasautumncomes,locustschangetothesamebrowncolourascropshave.Someotherinsectswithdifferentcoloursfromplantsareeasilyfoundandeatenbyothers.Sotheyhavetohidethemselvesforlivesinthedayandappearonlyatnight.Ifyo