北师大版高中英语选修六第6讲：Unit17-Laughter-语法篇(学生版)

Unit17Laughter语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握过去完成进行时的用法。掌握并区分进行时态与非进行时态的用法。掌握过去完成进行时与现在完成进行时、过去完成时及过去进行时的区别。一.过去完成进行时1.定义：过去完成进行时是表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也有可能还在继续。2.构成：肯定式疑问式否定式疑问否定式IhadbeenworkingHadIbeenworking?Ihadnotbeenworking.HadInotbeenworking?He/She/Ithadbeenworking.Hadhe/she/itbeenworking?He/She/Ithadnotbeenworking.Hadhe/she/itnotbeenworking?Wehadbeenworking.Hadwebeenworking?Wehadnotbeenworking.Hadwenotbeenworking?Youhadbeenworking.Hadyoubeenworking?Youhadnotbeenworking.Hadyounotbeenworking?Theyhadbeenworking.Hadtheybeenworking?Theyhadnotbeenworking.Hadtheynotbeenworking?3.用法：=1\*GB3①过去完成进行时表示在过去某一时间之前一直进行着的动作。Hesaidhehadbeenstandinginthewindallthemorning.他说他在风中站了一上午了。BeforeIworkedinthefactory,Ihadbeenworkingasasecretaryinthelocalgovernment.在我来这个工厂之前，我一直在当地政府部门做秘书工作。=2\*GB3②过去完成进行时表示过去某个确定的时间内反复进行的动作。"Themanhadbeenvisitingyourofficeseveraltimesbeforeyouarrived,"Tomsaidtome.汤姆对我说：“在你到来之前这个人已到过你的办公室好几次了。”=3\*GB3③过去完成进行时表示到过去的某个时间点还在进行的动作。Shetoldmethatshehadbeenwritingletterssincebreakfast.她告诉我她从吃过早饭就一直在写信。=4\*GB3④过去完成进行时表示一定的感情色彩。过去完成进行时有时可表示强烈的感情色彩，如表达喜欢或厌恶等感情。Ineverthoughthehadbeendoingthatkindofthingtoyou.我怎么也没想到他居然对你做那种事。误区警示：某些不能用于进行时的动词，同样不能用于过去完成进行时。分类如下：感官动词（非有意识的动作）hear,see,smell,notice,feel,taste等表达情感状态的动词love,hate,like,desire,wish,mind,appreciate,dislike,fear,envy,care等表示心理活动的动词know,realize,understand,recognize,believe,feel,suppose,think,imagine,doubt,remember,forget,want,need,prefer,mean,agree等表示“占有”的动词（短语）belongto,own,possess,have等其他表示存在状态的动词（短语）seem,look,appear,cost,owe,weight,be,exist,consistof,contain,include等二.进行时态与非进行时态的区别1.进行时态表示动作未完成，非进行时态表示动作已完成。比较：TheGreenswerewatchingafootballmatchonTV.格林一家正在看电视上播出的足球赛。（正在看）TheGreenswatchedafootballmatchonTVlastnight.昨天晚上格林一家看了电视上播出的足球赛。（看过了）Ihavebeenfixingthebridgeallthismorning.我一上午都在修冰箱。（可能会持续下去）Ihavefixedthefridge.我已修好了冰箱。（已修完）2.进行时态表示暂时的动作，非进行时态表示永久的动作。比较：Whereisheworkingatpresent?他母亲在哪儿工作？（临时性工作）Wheredoeshework?他在哪儿工作？（固定工作）Wewereworkingfromtwotofouryesterdayafternoon.昨天下午我们从2点一直工作到4点。（只是某段时间）Weworkinthatfactory.我们在那家工厂工作。（永久性的）三.过去完成进行时与现在完成进行时、过去完成时及过去进行时的区别1.过去完成进行时与现在完成进行时的区别：过去完成进行时表示动作发生在过去，延续到过去；现在完成进行时表示动作发生在过去，延续到现在，并且可能继续下去。2.过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别：过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，并有可能继续下去；而过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，时间一定是在过去的过去。3.过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别：过去完成进行时表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作，时间相对于过去而言；而过去进行时则表示过去某一时间动作正在进行，是相对于现在而言，所以过去进行时表示过去动作的暂时性、一时性，动作并未结束。例1.Thecrazyfans____patientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait例2.He_____photosalongthelakebeforehesawaboyfallintothewater.A.hadbeentakingB.havebeentakingC.hadtakenD.havetaken例3.Tom____inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.worksworkedhasbeenworkinghadbeenworking例4.（2013陕西高考）OnMondaymorningsitusually____meanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.takesistakingtookwilltake例5.（2014湖南高考）Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we____tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.A.tryB.havebeentryingC.aretryingD.willtry基础演练一.用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。1.He______(amuse)usbyhishumorousstorybeforeourteachercameintoclassroom.2.Ourschool______(forbid)studentstotakepartinsomeactivitiessuchassingingcompetitionuntilournewheadmastertookhisplace.3.Hismother______(scold)himfornearlyfiveminutesforscratchinghercarwithanailwhenhisfathergothome.4.Theofficials______(wait)inlineforhalfanhourbeforethepoliticianappearedatlast.5.Thegovernment______(clarify)theincidentrecentlybutasimilaronehappenedagain.二.单项选择。1.（2014江西高考）---Tony,whyareyoureyesred?---I______uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.A.cut B.wascutting C.hadcut D.havebeencutting2.（2013湖南高考）---Idon'tunderstandwhyyoudidn'tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.---I'msosorry.ButI______myhomework.A.haddone B.wasdoing C.woulddo D.amdoing3.Themanager______theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.A.hastold B.istelling C.hasbeentelling D.willhavetold4.I______withgreatcaution,butonedaymycarwasknockedoverbyadrunkendriver.A.wasdriving B.havebeendriving C.hadbeendriving D.hadbeendriven5.Theman______thereinthesunforalongtimeandgothisfaceburnt.A.hasstood B.wasstanding C.hadbeenstanding D.isstanding6.Hesaidthathe______thenovelandhadnotfinishedityet.A.iswriting B.haswritten C.writes D.hadbeenwriting7.---WasyourjourneytoMountainEmeipleasantlastsummer?---No,it______forfivedayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasraining B.hasrained C.hadbeenraining D.hasbeenraining8.Notuntilthendidpeopleknowthathe______importantmilitaryinformationtotheenemyforalongtime.A.sold B.wouldsell C.hadsold D.hadbeenselling9.（2014北京高考）---Hi,let'sgoskating.---Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.I______inanapplicationformforanewjob.A.fill B.havefilled C.amfilling D.willfill10.（2013福建高考）Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand______badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.A.took B.histaking C.takes D.hasbeentaking巩固提高一.完成句子。1.She__________________________________________(一直患重感冒)whenshetooktheexam.2.I________________________(一直在寻找)itfordaysbeforeIfoundit.3.He__________________(一直提到)yournametome.4.I________________________________________________(刚刚看了几分钟)whenhecamein.5.Thedoctoraskedwhathe__________________(一直在吃).二.单项选择。1.Itwasmidnightandhewastiredbecausehe_____sincedawn.A.wasworking B.hasworked C.hadbeenworking D.hasbeenworking2.Hisbrotherwasgoodatplayingtabletennis.He______itsincehewasten.A.hadplayed B.played C.hadbeenplaying D.wasplaying3.They______thephysicalhealthofthestudentsbeforesomeofthemweretooweaktogoontheirstudy.A.havebeenoverlooking B.hadbeenoverlookingC.wereoverlooking D.hadbeenoverlooked4.They______fortheauthoritytoexplainthecauseoftheincident,butreceivednoresponse.A.arewaiting B.havebeenwaiting C.werewaiting D.hadbeenwaiting5.They______thesizeoftheircompanyuntilitresultedinashortageoffund.A.expanded B.hasbeenexpanding C.hadbeenexpanding D.wasexpanding6.---CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?---Sure.I______areportathome.A.expanded B.hasbeenexpanding C.hadbeenexpanding D.wasexpanding7.---Sowhatistheprocedure?---Alltheapplicants______beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.A.interview B.areinterviewing C.areinterviewed D.arebeinginterviewed8.I'mcallingabouttheapartmentyou______theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?A.advertised B.hadadvertised C.areadvertising D.willadvertise9.---Idon'tunderstandwhyyoudidn'tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.---I'msosorry.ButI______myhomework.A.haddone B.wasdoing C.woulddo D.amdoing10.I______tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.A.come B.came C.amcoming D.wascoming一.用正确的时态填空。1.

What

_________

(amuse)

uswasthathepulledfaceswhenhismotherturnedaround.

2.

He

_________

(cash)

achequewhensuddenlythepowerwasout.

3.

They

_________

(overlook)

thepotentialdangeraheadandmarchedonwithoutdelay.

4.

They

_________

(accomplish)

thetasktheirteachergaveandarerelieved.

5.

Theaudience

_________

(applaud)

becauseofhisexcellentperformance.二.单项选择。1.---Ohno!We'retoolate.Thetrain________.---That'sOK.We'llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.A.wasleaving B.hadleft C.hasleft D.hasbeenleaving2.---Whendidthecomputercrash?---Thismorning,whileI_______thereadingmaterialsdownloadedfromsomewebsites.A.havesorted B.wassorting C.amsorting D.hadsorted3.Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms________sharply.A.wasincreasing B.hasincreased C.hadincreased D.willbeincreasing4.He_______morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.A.haslearned B.wouldhavelearned C.learned D.hadlearned5.They_______ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe_______onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking;arestillworking B.hadworked;werestillC.havebeenworking;haveworked D.haveworked;arestillworking6.Father_______forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn'tseehim.A.hasleft B.left C.wasleaving D.hadleft7.Whentheoldman_______towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_______itselfbehindthemountain.A.started;hadalreadyhidden B.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washiding D.wasstarting;hid8.Thepoliceman'sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich_______placedundertheMinister'scar.A.hasbeen B.wasbeing C.hadbeen D.wouldbe9.---Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.---Oh!Ithoughtthey______withoutme.A.went B.aregoing C.havegone D.hadgone10.Theyreceivedtheparcelthatthey______foralongtime.A.expected B.haveexpected C.hadbeenexpecting D.hadexpected__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AWeoftenfocusonbuildingrelationshipswithothersthatweforgettheessentialfirststep:beingfriendsofourselves.1.Howcanwehavegoodrelationshipswithothersifwedon’tevenhavegoodrelationshipswithourselves?Theproblemmightbeworsethanweexpect.Maybewedon’tlikeourselveswithoutrealizingit.Hereisasimplechecklist:Isthereanythingyoudon’tlikeaboutyourselffromtheselists?Yourpast:Maybeyouhavemademistakesinthepastwhichyoufeelbadabout.2.Evenifthathappenedindistantpast,yoursubconsciousmindstillhasareasonnottolikeyourself.Yourbackground:Youmightwishthatyouwerebornindifferentfamily,orthatyouhavedifferentbackground.3.Theyseemtogetwhatevertheywanteffortlesslybecauseoftheirbackground.Yourpersonaltraits(特点):Youmighthavesomepersonalitytraitsthatyoudon’tlike.Forexample,youmaybeanintrovert(内向)andyoudon’tlikeit;youwishyouwereanextrovert.Othersmighthavebetterachievementsthanyou,andnomatterhowhardyoutried,itmightseemimpossibleforyoutomatchthem.4.Isthereanythingthatresonate(产生共鸣)withyou?Allthesegivereasonstoyounottolikeyourself.Thatinturnmakesitdifficultforyoutobeagoodfriendtoyourself.5.Herearesometips:ForgiveyourselfAcceptthingsyoucan’tchangeFocusonyourstrengthsWriteyoursuccessstoriesStopcomparingyourselfwithothersAlwaysbetruetoyourselfA.Thatisthecrucial(关键)firststepifwearetohavegoodrelationshipswithothersB.Youmightthenthinkthatit’sbecauseyouarenotsmartenoughordon’thaveenoughtalentsC.YoucandosomethingtoimprovetherelationshipswithothersD.Fortunately,therearealwaysthingsyoucandotofixthesituationE.YoumightbedisappointedwithyourselfonwhyyoumakesuchmistakesF.SometimesyoumightnotbelieveyourselfG.MaybeyoucouldnotacceptthefactthatyouarenotasluckyasothersB6.ItcrossedNewYorkfromBuffaloonLakeErieTroytoAlbanyontheHudsonRiver.7.Thecanalservedasarouteoverwhichindustrialgoodscouldflowintothewest,andmaterialscouldpourintotheeast.TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation’slargestcity.ThebuildingofthecanalwaspaidforentirelybythestateofNewYork.8.Between1825,whenthecanalwasopened,and1882,whentollcharges(过运河费)werestopped,thestatecollected$121,461,891.ForahundredyearsbeforetheEriewasbuilt,peoplehadbeentalkingaboutacanalwhichcouldjointheGreatLakesandtheAtlanticOcean.ThemanwhoplannedtheErieCanalandcarriedtheplanthroughwasDeWittClinton.Thosewhowereagainstthecanallaughinglycalledit“Clinton’sDitch(沟)”.9.HeandGovernorMorriswenttoWashingtonin1812toaskforhelpforthecanal,buttheywereunsuccessful.ClintonbecamegovernorofNewYorkin1817,andshortlyafterwards,onJuly4,1817,brokegroundforthecanalinRome,N.Y.Thefirstpartofthecanalwascompletedin1820.10.Thelengthofthecanalis363miles.A.Asthecanalgrew,townsalongitscoursedevelopedfastB.Itcost$7,143,789,butitsoongaineditspricemanytimesoverC.TheErieCanalwasthefirstimporta