初升高英语语法之定语从句入门

TheAttributiveClauseInthisclass,youwill1.recognizetherestrictiverelativeclausesandunderstandtheuseofrelativepronouns;2.summarizetheformandfunctionsofrestrictiverelativeclauses;3.userestrictiverelativeclausestodescribepicturesofdisasters.LearningobjectivesTranslatethesentencesintoChinese1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanicerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.定语（attribute）

定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词（现在分词或过去分词）、副词、不定式（短语）以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开先行词（Antecedent）

定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时在从句中充当某种成分。关系词：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词关系词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词that人/物主语、宾语、标语which物/事主语、宾语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语关系词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词（thereason)原因状语关系副词that

的用法that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，但that不用于引导非限制性定语从句。约翰不再是我五年前认识的那个约翰了。JohnisnolongerthepersonthatIknewfiveyearsago.那个用英语和蒂娜讲话的男孩是谁？WhoistheboythatistalkingtoTinainEnglish?Which的用法Which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句中作宾语时which可省略。which在非限制性定语从句中既可指代主句中的名词/代词，也可指代整个主句，且不可省略。Heislookingforashopwhich/thatsellstoys.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Ispentsometimegoingtravelling,whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.who,whom的用法二者都用于指人Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。Whom在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。但若介词提到关系代词前只用whom不用who，且不能省略Thegirlwhom/thatheistalkingtoisamodel.TheTVorganisershadplannedtofindfourmusicianswho/thatcouldactaswellassing.用who不用that的情况1.先行词是指人的代词时，如one,ones,anyone,those等Onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.2.先行词为人称代词时，关系代词应用whoHewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Whose的用法Whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示从属关系，意为“......的”Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.=Ilivenextdoortoacouplethechildrenofwhomoftenmakealotofnoise.=Ilivenextdoortoacoupleofwhomthechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.Exercise:1.Herearesomeofthepeople_____homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_____wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything_____theycouldfind.whosewhothat/4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_____hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy_____motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby_____shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy_____savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings?which/thatwhosewhomwho练习一：根据提示词，把下列简单句合并成定语从句1.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace.(who)2.Thepicturewasbeautiful.Shewaslookingatit.(that/which)3.Themanisstandingoverthere.Itoldyouabouthim.(whom)4.I'vereceivedthebook.Myfathersentittome.(that/which)Thegirlis

happy

who

wontheraceThepicturewasbeautifulthat/whichshewaslookingatThemanisstandingovertherewhomItoldyouaboutI‘vereceivedthebookthat/whichmyfathersenttome练习二、用适当的关系代词填空1.Isthistheman_____youtalkedaboutyesterday?2.Showmethebook_____youspokeoftheotherday.3.Isthisthemuseum_____arousesmanypeople'sinterest?4.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.whomwhichthatwhichWorkwithapartner.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclause(限制性定语从句）.1.What