北师大版高中英语必修三第9讲：Unit9-Wheels-语法篇(教师版)

Unit9Wheels语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握过去完成进行时的用法。2、掌握现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别。一.现在完成进行时1.构成：现在完成进行时由“have/hasbeen+动词的现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他各种人称用have。2.用法：=1\*GB3①表示动作从过去某时开始并且一直持续到现在，并由可能持续下去。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍继续进行下去，常与延续性动词连用，并常带有表示动作起讫时间的状语，如sincelastweek,since1992等或由since引导的时间状语从句；也可以带有时间表示时间长度的状语，如foranhour,forafewdays,thesedays等。IhavebeenwatchingTVthewholeevening.我整个晚上一直在看电视。Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.自从新学期开始，汤姆一直在努力学习。=2\*GB3②表示到目前为止的一段时间内动作时断时续、反复发生。Youhavebeentellingmenottobelatealltheway.一路上你反复告诉我不要迟到。=3\*GB3③表示动作刚刚结束，一般不再继续，有时会指出结果。Ihavebeenplayingping-pongallthemorning,soI'msweating.整个上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以浑身是汗。I'vebeenpaintingthedoor,somyhandsaredirty.我一直在漆门，所以手很脏。=4\*GB3④表示某种感情色彩。Youhavebeendeceivingme.你一直在骗我。误区警示：=1\*GB3①某些不能用于进行时态的动词同样不能用于现在完成进行时，但可以用于现在完成时，如：see,hear,know,like等。=2\*GB3②现在完成进行时多用延续性动词=3\*GB3③瞬间性动词（词组）go,getup,come,marry,finish等不能用于现在完成进行时。二.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响，由于它由现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别如下：时态基本语法功能动作的反复感情色彩现在完成进行时强调动作的持续可表示动作的反复可表示强烈的感情色彩现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响或产生的结果不表示动作的反复一般不表示感情色彩试比较：=1\*GB3①Hehaswrittenaletter.他写了一封信。（信已写好）Hehasbeenwritingaletter.他一直在写一封信。（一直在写信，尚未写好）=2\*GB3②Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近见过他吗？（不表示反复）Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他见面吗？（表示反复）=3\*GB3③Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你两个小时。（表示事实）Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你两个小时。（表示不满）例1.Themanager_____theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetold解析：句意：经理从上午十点开始就一直在告诉工人们如何改善这个项目。考查动词的时态。本题的关键信息词是“since9am”。since引导的时间状语多与完成时连用，而且此句强调从上午九点开始到现在，经理“一直”在说，符合现在完成进行时的语法规则。答案：C。例2.Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand_____badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.A.tookB.istakingC.takesD.hasbeentaking解析：句意：这个女生酷爱运动，在过去的三年里每周上两次羽毛球课。考查动词时态。overthelastthreeyears表示“在过去的三年里”，常与现在完成（进行）时连用，强调反复的不间断动作。答案：D。例3.---Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?---Sorry,I____thepianoforyears.don'tplaywasn'tplayinghaven'tplayedhadn'tplayed解析：句意：---我记得你上大学时是个有才华的钢琴家。你能为我弹奏钢琴吗？---抱歉，我已经很多年没有弹钢琴了。考查动词的时态。根据答语中的时间张宇foryears可知，此处应该是使用现在完成时。答案：C。例4.WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn'tlikehim,butI____mymind.havechangedchangehadchangedwouldchange解析：句意：当我第一次见到布莱恩的时候，我不喜欢他。但是，我已经改变主意了。考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，说话人已经改变主意了，因此应用现在完成时。答案：A。例5.Tom____inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking解析：句意：在过去的三个月内，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。考查动词时态。overthelastthreemonths在过去的三个月内可知是到现在为止“一直”在图书馆工作，因此用现在完成进行时。答案：C。例6.（2015福建高考）---WhereisPeter?Ican'tfindhimanywhere.---Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand____hisessaythereeversince.A.wroteB.hadwrittenC.hasbeenwritingD.iswriting解析：句意：---彼得在哪儿？我到处找不到他。---他早饭后去图书馆了，并且从那时起一直在那儿写文章。考查动词时态。由eversince可知，彼得从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章（说话时应该仍然在写），故用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在，并且可能持续下去。答案：C。例7.（2014江西高考）---Tony,whyareyoureyesred?---I____uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.A.cutB.wascuttingC.hadcutD.havebeencutting解析：句意：---托尼，为什么你的眼睛发红？---在过去的5分钟里我一直在切辣椒。根据forthelastfiveminutes可知，此处应该用现在完成进行时。此题易误选C，误以为动作是过去的过去发生的，其实此句是表达过去刚刚完成的动作对现在造成的直接影响。答案：D。例8.（2014湖南高考）Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we____tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.A.tryB.havebeentryingC.aretryingD.willtry解析：句意：自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。考查动词时态。根据从句sincethetime...可知，主句应该使用完成时，而“让我们的环境变得更加美丽”这一动作一直在进行，所以用现在完成进行时。答案：B。基础演练一.用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Youknow,I(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe(play)inthemudallthemorning.3.He(read)inthelibraryoutsinceitopenedthismorning.4.Hereheis!We(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.5.Shehas(live)hereeversinceshewasten.6.Bothofthem(be)inHongKongfortendays.7.Bothofthem(come)toHongKongtendaysago.Keys：1.havebeenlooking;2.hasbeenplaying;3.hasbeenreading;4.havebeenwaiting;5.lived/beenliving;6.havebeen;7.came二.单项选择。1.Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagers______alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.A.did B.do C.haddone D.havebeendoing2.Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechildren______everything!A.hadbeeneating B.hadeaten C.haveeaten D.havebeeneating3.WhenAlicecametolife,shedidn'tknowhowlongshe______there.A.hadbeenlying B.hasbeenlying C.waylying D.haslain4.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI______alotlately.A.havebeencoughing B.hadcoughedC.coughed D.cough5.---Hello,Ididn'tknowyouwereinAmerica.Howlong______here?---Aboutoneyear.A.haveyoubeen B.are C.were D.hadyoubeen6.Mybrotherisanactor.He______inseveralfilmssofar.A.appears B.appeared C.hasappeared D.isappearing7.Thetelephone______fourtimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeit______formyroommate.A.hasrung;was B.hasbeenringing;wasC.hadrung;was D.rang;hasbeen8.---Howisyourgrandfather?---Mygrandfather______fortwoyears.A.died B.hasdied C.hadbeendied D.hasbeendeadKeys：1-8DBAAACAD巩固提高一.用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Halfanhour______(pass)sincethetrain______(leave).2.Mary______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?3.______you______(find)yourwatchyet?4.---Areyouthirsty?---No,I______just______(have)someorange.5.We______already______(return)thebook.6.______they______(build)anewschoolinthevillage.7.I______(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?Keys：1.haspassed;left;2.haslost;Have;seen;3.Have;found;4.have;had;5.have;returned6.Have;built;7.haven'tfinished二.单项选择。1.---We'vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.---Well,itisn'tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives______aroundallthetime.A.arecoming B.hadcome C.werecoming D.havebeencoming2.Overthepastdecades,seaice______intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.A.haddecreased B.decreased C.hasbeendecreasing D.isdecreasing3.Pleasestoptohavearest.You______thewashingmachinethewholemorning.A.haverepaired B.wererepairing C.havebeenrepaired D.havebeenrepairing4.He______articlesforfournewspaperthesethreeyears,andhe______aboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting;haswritten B.iswriting;wroteC.iswriting;hasbeenwriting D.haswritten;haswritten5.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy______goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsidered B.hasbeenconsideringC.considered D.isgoingtoconsider6.---WouldyouliketogotoShanghai?---Yes.Inthelasttenyears,greatchanges______inShanghai.A.havebeenhappened B.havehappenedC.havetakenplace D.havebeentakenplace7.Thehousingprices______,butIdoubtwhethertheywillremainso.A.wentdown B.willgodownC.havegonedown D.weregoingdown8.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou______safely.A.arearriving B.havearrived C.hadarrived D.willarrive9.（2015北京高考）Inthelastfewyears,China______greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.A.hasmade B.hadmade C.wasmaking D.ismaking10.（2015陕西高考）Marty______reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.A.worked B.hasbeenworking C.hadworked D.hasworkedKeys：1-10DCDABCCBAB一.改错题。1.Alltheseyearstheyarecontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2.Ihavebeendrinkingfivecupsofcoffeethisafternoon.3.WhathaveyoubeendoingbeforeyouleftOxford?4.It'sagoodjob.Haveyoudoneitallbyyourself?5.It'salongtimesinceyoucometoseeme.6.Alicedidn'tseemuchofHenrylately.7.I'mgladtotellyouthatyoupassedtheexam.Keys：1.are→havebeen;2.havebeendrinking→havedrunk;3.have→had;4.Haveyoudone→Didyoudo;5.come→came;6.didn'tseen→hasn'tseen;7.passed→havepassed二.单项选择。1.---I'msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.---Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.A.ispreparing B.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe________intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walks B.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.saw B.see C.hadseen D.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_______Englishforayear.A.studies B.studied C.isstudying D.hasbeenstudying5.Danny________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.works B.isworking C.hasworked D.hadworked6.---Ihavegotaheadache.---Nowonder.You_________infrontofthatcomputertoolong.A.work B.areworking C.havebeenworking D.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_________from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.A.hasfallen B.hadfallen C.isfalling D.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy_______goingbacktoschool，butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsidered B.hasbeenconsideringC.considered D.isgoingtoconsider9.---_______you_______himaroundthemuseumyet?---Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have;shown B.Do;show C.Had;shown D.Did;show10.---Hi,Tracy,youlookpale.---Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.A.painted B.hadpaintedC.havebeenpainting D.havepaintedKeys:1-10DCDDCCABAC__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单项选择。1.---Inmyopinion,thisEnglishTVplaycanhelpstudentstolearnnewwords.---_______,Ithinkit'stoohardtounderstand.A.Idon'tagree. B.WhynotC.Ican'tagreemore D.Sorry,I'mnotsure2.Afterdinner,shegaveMr.Smith______rideto______RedBridgeAirportwherehewouldstarthisfive-dayholiday.A.a;a B.a;/ C./;the D.the;a3.I_______alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_______.A.went;wasoccurring B.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurred D.wasgoing;hadoccurred4.AsEnglishisgettingmoreandmoredifficulttolearn,mysonhas_______Englishnow.A.turnedon B.turnedoff C.turnedup D.turneddown5.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint_______hecanwalkbyhimself.A.when B.which C.whose D.where6.Althoughthevalueofthepoundhasbeenfallingrecently,Britaincanstill_______withthehelpfromothercountries.A.pullthrough B.gothrough C.putthrough D.letthrough7._______totheleft,andyouwillfindthepath_______tothepark.A.Turn;leading B.Turned;toleadC.Havingturned;led D.Turning;leading8.---Justinkickedtheballintohisowngoal.---Thankstohisstupidityandwegot_______aswehadexpected.A.twicescoresasmany B.astwicemanyscoresC.twiceasscoresmany D.manytwiceasscores9._______thereissomethingelsetodiscuss,I'lldeclarethemeetingclosed.A.As B.While C.Since D.Unless10.---Thefactorywas_______firelastnight.---Someonemusthavesetfire_______it.A.on;with B.on,on C.on,to D.with,tokeys：1-10ABCBDAAADC二.书面表达。 最近，你校同学参加了一场辩论。辩题是：中学生要不要参加社会实践？请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一篇短文，客观地介绍辩论情况。题目已经给出。注意：1).词数：100左右。2).参考词汇：辩论—debate正方—thepros反方—theconsAHeatedDebate