北京市西城区2018-2019学年度第一学期英语期末试卷

2019西城高三第一学期期末英语北京市西城区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语2019.I本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AFormostofherlife,AnnaMaryRobertsworkedveryhardmakingalivingonafarm.Shebegantopaint1herseventies.Shedisplayedherartworksinhertownatageeighty.Thepaintings2(notice)byanartcollector,3recognizedAnna'sremarkabletalent.Heboughtallthepaintingsondisplay.Later,threeofherpaintingswereexhibitedinawell-knownartmuseuminNewYorkCity.Soon,peoplearoundtheworld4(hear)ofAnnaandherdelightfulartworks.Peoplelovedlookingattheold-fashionedscenesthatAnnahadcreated.BLegosarepopularwithkids.But5(make)themcanhurttheenvironment.Why?Legosaremadeofplastic.Theplasticismadefromoil.Thatisanonrenewableresource.Recently,Lego6(introduce)earth-friendlypieces.Theyaremadeofplastictakenfromsugarcane.Thatisarenewablematerial.ThegreenpiecesarepartofabiggerplanforLego.Thecompanyplanstouserenewablematerialsinallits7(toy)by2030.Theactionsthecompanytakestodaycanhaveaninfluenceontheplanetoftomorrow.CManyorganizationstrytoinspirepeople8(do)kindacts,whereverandwhenevertheycan.Theideabehindthisisthatitdoesn'ttakeanymajorplantobekind,justalittlebitofeffort.PerhapsthestrongestsupporterofthisideaistheRandomActsofKindnessFoundation.Itoperatesunderthebeliefsthatkindnesscanbetaughtandthatitis9(easy)spread.Itsactivitiesrangefromsuggestingkindactstoallowingitswebsite-userstoofficiallyregister10(they)asactivistsofkindness.第二节完形填空（共20小题；毎小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A.B.C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。BecauseIWasToldICanAboutsixmonthsago,Ijoinedagym.Everymorning,thereisonepersonaltrainertherewhoworksoutatthesametimethatmylittlegroupdoesour11.Hedoeshis"routine"withsuchaquietdeterminationthathemakesitalllookveryeasy,althoughIknowalltoowellhowhardheisworking.WheneverItendtocomplainand12,Iwatchhimpushhimselftohisownlimits,andIfindmyself13toworkashardandwithoutcomplaint.Acoupleofweeksago,Iwaswatchinghimdochin-ups.Hemadethemlook14.IbrokeawayfrommygroupandaskedhimifIcouldtryachin-up.Ihadnevertriedbefore,buthejustmadeitlooksoeasy.Heeagerlysteppedasideand15metostepuptothebar.I16myselfupwithoutthinking...once...thentwice.ThatwasallIhadInme.Ihadno17left.ItoldhimthatwasallIhad,sohesteppedupbehindmeandpushedme18forathirdandfourth"pull."Itfeltsogood.ThenextdaywhenIwasdonewithmyworkout,Iaskedhimtospotmeagain.Again,Idid19.AgainonDay3andsoon.Ithoughtitwas20thatIcouldonlydotwo,butwhenIcametothegymattheendoftheweek,hewasstandingtherejustshakinghishead.WhenIaskedhimwhatwasup,hesaidhewas21withmychin-ups.Hetoldmethatwhentheyare22firefighters,themenarerequiredtodofivechin-ups,andwomenarerequiredtodooneortwo.He23thatmostpeoplecan'tdothematall,andthathewasamazedthatI24.HefurthertoldmethatifI25everyday,Iwouldbedoingfiveorsixinnotime.AtthispointIshouldprobably26thatIam50yearsold...andfemale.Hadhetoldmeattheverybeginninghow27itwas,Imorethanlikelywouldnothavetriedatall.28Imighthavetried,butgivenit29halfaneffort,becausefailurewouldhavebeentheexpectation.Iapplaudhimforlettingmebelievethatforme,itwasnotonlyapossibility,butthatsuccesswasa30expectation.A.dutyB.workoutC.researchD.projectA.fightB.apologizeC.waitD.quitA.motivatedB.satisfiedC.surprisedD.challengedA.unbelievableB.complexC.helpfulD.effortlessA.encouragedB.forcedC.persuadedD.orderedA.pushedB.pulledC.raisedD.carriedA.confidenceB.breathC.strengthD.faithA.awayB.overC.upD.forwardA.oneB.twoC.threeD.four20.A.luckyB.unfairC.funnyD.pitiful21.A.impressedB.busyC.boredD.strict22.A.examiningB.watchingC.interviewingD.training23.A.rememberedB.announcedC.explainedD.worried24.A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might25.A.learnedB.practisedC.succeededD.checked26.A.complainB.argueC.addD.repeat27.A.troublesomeB.rewardingC.enjoyableD.difficult28.A.SoB.AndC.OrD.While29.A.hardlyB.onlyC.entirelyD.nearly30.A.realisticB.generalC.vagueD.traditional第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABCD4个选项中选出最佳答案并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearLora,GreetingsfromtheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation!Aswebeginrecruiting(招收)talentedstudentsfromdifferentbackgroundsforthe2019-2020academicyear,wewouldliketoaskaboutyourplansforgraduatestudyandhighlightsomenewdevelopmentsontheHGSEAdmissionswebsite.ApplytoHGSEWearepleasedtoannouncethatouronlineapplicationisnowlive!Youcanaccesstheform,requirements,andinstructionsonourwebsite.TheapplicationdeadlinefortheDoctorofEducationLeadership(Ed.L.D.)isMarch15,2019,whiletheMasterofEducation(Ed.M.)deadlineisApril5,2019.DoctorofPhilosophyinEducation(Ph.D.)HGSEandtheHarvardGraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences(GSAS)additionallyofferthestudentsaPh.D.InEducation.Applicationsforthisresearch-baseddoctorate(博士学位)mustbesenttoGSASbyFebruary20,2019.ConnectwithHGSEWehavebegunpostingthescheduleofourfallrecruitmenteventsonourwebsite,thefirstofwhichistheNewYorkCityIdealistGradFaironThursday,January31.Pleasecheckourwebsitefordetailsaboutthisandotheroff-campusandonlineinformationsessions.Notethatwearecontinuingtoaddeventsastheyarescheduled.UpdateYourCommunicationPreferencesPleasetakeamomenttoupdateyourinformation(e.g.,contactinfo,programpreference)toreflectanychangessinceyousignedupInitially,sothatwemaycommunicatewithyouinawaythatbestfitsyourneeds.Ifyou'renolongerconsideringHGSEforgraduatestudy,clickontheunsubscribelinkatthebottomofthisemailmessage;youwillnolongerreceivecommunicationsfromtheAdmissionsOffice.Asalways,youarewelcometocontactuswithyourquestions.Welookforwardtoconnectingwithyouinthenearfutureandhopewewillhaveachancetoreadyourapplicationthisspring.Sincerely,JuliaDeland,Ed.M.DirectorofAdmissionsAnapplicationforDoctorofEducationLeadershipmustbesubmittedby________April5,2019March15,2019January31,2019D.February20,2019Intheemail,Loraisadvisedto________updateherinformationsubscribetheemailmessagespostherscheduleonthewebsiteorganizesomeactivitiesforthefairWhatisthepurposeoftheemail?Toapplyforpositions.Toaskforsuggestions.Toprovideinformation.Tomakerecommendations.BAdamZiblukisa15-year-oldLifeScout(童子军)inTroop70InNewtown,CT.HewasalsorecentlytheTroop'sSeniorPatrolLeader,thehighestrankingboyinthetroop!Lastsummer,he,alongwith15otherboysfromtheTroopcompletedscouting'sgreatestadventure,backpackingover50milesin7daysinthewildernessatthePhilmontScoutRanchinNewMexico!WhileAdam'sScoutingachievementsareimpressiveontheirown,histimeinScoutshasnotalwaysbeensoeasy.Adamhashemophilla,amedicalconditionthatcancauseseverebleedingfromevenaslightInjury.AndasaBoyScout,spendingmuchtimeoutinthewilderness,Itisquitecommontogetminorinjuries.Becauseofhiscondition,AdamhashadtomisssomeScoutingactivitiesovertheyears.ThefirstfewdaysofAdam'sbackpacklnginPhilmontwentsmooth.Butonthe3rdday,whileunloadinghisgearataremotecampsite,hefeltasharppaininhisback.Adamtoldtheadultleadersabouthisbackandthathewasstartingtonotfeelwell.TheymadethedecisiontocallPhilmontbasecamptoseekmedicalattention.Itwasgettingdarkandrainthreatened.Twodoctorssetoutintothenightonbackcountryroad?andthenhikedinthelast1/2miletofindAdam.Theydidsometestsanddecidedtotakehimbackwiththemtobasecamp.ItwasatoughmomentforAdamandfortherestofthescoutcrew.WhileAdamreturnedtobasecamp,therestoftheboysbackpackedon.ToencourageAdam,theytookoneofhisshirtswiththemandtookphotosofitalongtheway,whichtheysenttohim.AfewdayspassedandAdamwasfeelingbetter.Thedoctorsclearedhimtoreturntothebackcountry!Finally,Adamfinishedthetrekwithhiscrew.HeisnowoneoftheonlyBoy-ScoutswithhemophiliatohaveeverparticipatedinandcompletedaPhilmontTrek.WhatencouragedAdamtotakeonthischallengedespitetherisk?"IthoughtitwouldbefunandagoodthingtodoaslongasIwasprepared.AndmyparentshavealwaysencouragedmetonotlethemophiliabetheonlyfactorinANYdecision.WhathasstoppedAdamfromparticipatinginsomeScoutingactivitiesovertheyears?Inadequatetrekexperience.B.Hisfearofthewilderness.Lackofcampingskills.D.Hishealthcondition.Onthe3rddayofthePhilmontTrek,________AdamneededmedicalattentiontheteamwascaughtintheheavyraintwodoctorshikedallthewaytofindAdamtherestoftheboysbackpackedonwithAdam'sshirtWhydidAdamparticipateinthischallengingactivity?Hehadaloveforit.Hewaseagertobealeader.Hewantedtosetarecord.D.Hisparentsdecidedforhim.37.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAdam?A.Athleticandambitious.B.Considerateandfearless.C.courageousanddetermined.D.Confidentandknowledgeable.CBenicetomiceandtheymayreturnthefavour.Onlyonedrugofeverytensuccessfullytestedinlaboratoryanimalsendsupworkinginpeople.Onereason,ofcourse,isthatmicearenotmen.Another,though,mighthavetodowiththefactthatwhilehumanpatientsareaffordedallmannerofcreaturecomforts,theiranimalproxies(代替物).Althoughmedicalscience'sfavouritecreaturesrelishtemperaturesofalittleover30℃,laboratoriesroutinelykeepthematfiveortendegreesbelowthat.Thisisnotinordertoabusethebeastsbut.rather,becausewhenkeptwarmtheyareunmanageablyaggressive.Thedownsideisthattheyhavetoeatmorethantheyotherwisewould,inordertokeeptheirbodieswarm.Thatchangestheirphysiology(生理).Andthatinturnchangesthewaytheymetabolise(新陈代谢)drugs,withpossiblyconfusingresults.JosephGarner,ofStanfordUniversity,thinkstheansweristokeepthelabscool,butletmicedealwiththelowtemperaturesa?theydointheirnaturalhabitat:notbyeatingmorebutbybuildingnests.Sofar,though,noonehasaclearideaofhowmuchnestingmaterialisneededtokeepmicehappy.DrGarnerandhiscolleaguesthereforedecidedtofindout.TheyhavejustreportedtheirresultsinthePublicLibraryofScience.DrGamerandhisteamleteachoftheirmice,36malesandasmanyfemalesfromthreetypescommonlyusedintrials,wanderfreeintwocagesconnectedbyanarrowtube.Onecagewaskeptconstantatoneofsixtemperaturesbetween20℃and35℃.Theotherwasmaintainedat20°Cbutwassuppliedwithuptotengramsofverysmallpiecesofpaper,whichthemicecouldusetoweaveanest.Theideawastocheckwhethertheanimalswouldratherbuildanestinthecoolercageormovetothewarmerone,possiblypullingnestingmaterialalongwiththemlittlebylittle.Theresearchersfoundthatthemice'spreferencesvariedslightlybetweentypes,aswellasbetweensexes(withfemalesfondofhighertemperatures,possiblybecauseoftheirthinnerprotectivelayeroffat),confirmingthatthereisnosinglesetofconditionsinwhichallmicefeelcosy.Ingeneral,though,withlittlenestingmaterialaround,themicelaboriouslycarriedpiecesofpaperovertothewarmerspot,oneortwoatatime.Butleaveatleastsixgramsofpaperinthechillycage,andmanymicewillpreferinsteadtobravethecoldandbuildanestthere.Thatseemsasmallpricetopayforbetterdrugtrials.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"relish"inParagraph3probablymean?Resist.B.Enjoy.C.Avoid.D.Maintain.39.Miceeatingmorethantheynormallydomayleadto_______bettermanagementoftheirbehaviortheirdifferentbodyresponsetodrugs.Aslowdownintheirmetabolism.D.Aconfusionintheirmind.40.DrGarnerandhisteamfoundthat_______A.micekeepwarmbymovingpiecesofpaperB.femalemicebetterbeatthecoldthanmalemiceC.micetendtofightthecoldundercertainconditionsD.differenttypesofmicepreferverydifferenttemperatures41.Tohaveabetterdrugtrial,researchersneedto________.A.providelittlefoodB.useotheranimalproxiesC.raisethelabtemperatureD.prepareenoughnestingmaterialDWhenSteveJobstooktothestagein2008toannouncethesecondiPhoneand,justasimportantly,thethen-brandnewAppStore,hewassellingconsumersonesimplething:choice.Whetheryouwantedtoplaygames,readthenews,watchvideos,ordoathousandotherthings,therewassomethingforwhateveryourheartdesired.Thenafunnythinghappened.LoggingintotheAppStoretodayisabitlikegoingIntoashoppingmallarmedonlywithacoupon(优惠券)foronething:There'ssomuchchoice;itmightjustbeeasiertogiveupthanchoose.Itisn'tjustconsumerswhoareburdened,though.Toomuchcontentofallkindsisalsostartingtohaveeconomiceffects.Whentherearemillionsofappsavailable,Itbecomesmoreandmoredifficulttocharge$5or$10,soovertime,adollarortwohasbecomethenorm.Alargeamountofchoicecausespressure,pushingpricesdownanddrivingusallabitcrazyintheprocess.Sowhatisthewayforward?Itmaywellbetoturnlesschoiceitselfintothemarketingstrategy.Therearealreadysignsthisishappening.Firstly,contentcompaniesarelookingtopreventtheirofferingsfromgettinglostinthetonsofstuff.MostobviousisDisney,whichisslowlypullingitsfilmsandshowsoffYouTubetoopenitsownstreamingservicenextyear.ThepointistonarrowthefocussothatthoseseekingDisneycartoonswillhaveoneplacetogo,ratherthanbeingaroundvariousservices.Yetifthatrepresentsacarefulfirststep,therearemoreextremeoptions,too.Considertheideaofawineclub;Fromthetensofthousandsofbottleseachyear,subscriberspaysomeonetoselectthemostinterestingorrareofferings.Perhapswhatcomesnextfordigitalcontentissomethingsimilar—carefullyselectedofferingsfromtrustedsources(来源)thatendupputtingchoiceinthehandsofsomeoneelseinordertogetridoftheanxietyofchoosing.Upuntilthispoint,toomuchchoiceindigitalmediahashadonlyonesolution:thealgorithm(运算法则).Butwe'veseenthetroublewithalgorithmslikethoseonYouTube.Theyfeedyouonlywhatyou'vealreadysaidyoulike,notthingsyoumaynotyetknowyou'reinto.Worse,theyhaveatendencytoserveupdisturbingcontent.Thewayforwardcan'tsimplybemoreorbetteralgorithms.Instead,it'stimefordigitalcompaniestostartthinkingabouthowtoputlimitsonthings:onhowmuchwecanuseadevice,orwhatwehaveavailabletochoosefrom.Tobesure,it'stheoppositeoffreemarket,whichissupposedtoworkonofferingmorechoice.Butperhapsitisn'tsuchanunusualreaction.Alterall,freemarketsaresupposedtorespondtoconsumerdemand.Andaswemovefurtherintothedigitalrevolution,whatpeopleareaskingforisclear:Less.Toomuchchoiceofcontentonthemarketresultsin_______theshutdownofcompaniestheanxietyofconsumersthepoorqualityofproductstheslowdownofeconomyWhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraphs4and5?Whycontentcompaniesopentheirownstreamingservices.Whethercontentcompaniesshouldcuttheirofferings.Wherecontentcompaniesshouldposttheirofferings.Howcontentcompaniesnarrowtheconsumers'focus.Forconsumers,thealgorithmwillprobably_______makeabetterchoiceforthem.B.helptoremovedisturbingcontentfailtoofferwhattheypossiblylikeD.changetheirinterestindigitalmediaWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslimitingthechoiceconsumershave?A.Approving.B.Skeptical.C.Opposing.D.Neutral.第二节（共五小题，每小题二分，共十分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatmakesagoodapology?Whatistherightwaytosaywe'resorrythatdoesn'tmerelyrelieveourguiltorgetusoutofhotwater,butbestservesthepersonwehurt?Thereismoretosayingsorrythanjustsaying"sorry".46Theyincludeexpressingregret,explainingwhatwentwrong,acknowledgingresponsibility,offeringtorepairthesituation,andrequestingforgiveness.Thatmayseemlikealottoremember,butacknowledgementofresponsibilityturnedouttobethemostimportantpiece.Ofcourse,notalltheruinedsituationsarecreatedequal.47Hereareafewkeytips.Haveperfecttiming.Didyoutotallyruinthesituation?Alittlecool-offtimecouldhelp.48.Butiftheotherpartyisangryatyourwrongdoing,itmaybemoreeffectivetowaitbecausetheirangermaypreventthemfrombeingreceptivetoanapology.Waitingcanhelpyoutoo.Thebesttimetoapologizeiswhenonefeelsreadytosincerelyapologize.49.Expertsagreethatface-to-faceapologiesbeatphoned-in,e-mailed,orhandwrittenones.Facialexpressions,gestures,andthetoneofvoicehaveallbeenshowntobeimportantchannelsthatconveysincerity.AnyonecantypeIfeelreallyashamed,"butifyousayitlive,it'sobviouswhetherornotyoumeanit.Explain;don'texcuse.Becauseadmittingtobeingwrongispainfulandcanmakepeopleworriedthatthey'reabadperson,theyoftenwaterdowntheirapologywithexcuses.Examplesinclude"IcertainlyapologizeifIoffendedanyone"and"I'msorry,butyoustartedit".Thatsortofapologyhasaname:anon-apology.Itusestheformofanapologybutfollowsitupbyshifting-responsibilitytotheoffendedperson,Implyingheorsheistoosensitive.50Evenifyoudidsomethingcomparablylessimportant,likebeinglateallthetime,it'salwayskeytorememberthatwhileyou'retheoneapologizing,it'snotaboutyou;it'saboutthepersonyouhurtandwhattheyneednow.Letyourbodydothetalking.Thereareseveraltypesofapologies.Getreadytochangeyourfacialexpressions.SometimesanImmediateapologyiscalledfor.Don'timplythattheotherpersoniswrongtofeelupsetorangry.Infact,astudyfoundthateffectiveapologieshavefivecomponents.G.Soyoumightneedtofine-tuneyourapologydependingonthecircumstances.第三部分:书面表达(共两节，35分)第一节(15分)春节将至，你校英国交换生Jim接受了去你家共度除夕的邀请，请你就他关心的问题写一封邮件。内容包括:1.很高兴他接受了邀请;2.介绍你家除夕的安排;3.答复他的问题(如:是否带礼物……)。注意:1.词数不少于50;开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据下列四幅图的顺序，给校报投稿，介绍你们参加学校主题为“最美秋天”摄影展活动的全过程。注意:词数不少于60.提示词:摄影展photographyexhibition(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)北京市西城区2018—2019学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语参考答案及评分标准2019.1第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1．in 2．werenoticed 3．who 4．heard 5．making/tomake 6．hasintroduced/introduced 7．toys 8．todo9．easily10．themselves 第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．A16．B 17．C 18．C 19．B 20．D21．A 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B26．C 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．A36．A 37．C 38．B 39．B 40．C41．D 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．A第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）46．F 47．G 48．D 49．A 50．E第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）一、评分原则：1．本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5．词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。二、各档次的给分范围和要求：第一档(13分~15分)完全完成了试题规定的任务。·内容完整，条理清楚；·交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求；体现出较强的语言运用能力。完全达到了预期的写作目的。第二档(9分~12分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。·内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求；·所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求；·语法和用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。基本达到了预期的写作目的。第三档(4分~8分)未恰当完成试题规定的任务。·内容不完整；·所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解。未能清楚地传达信息。第四档(1分~3分)未完成试题规定的任务。·写了少量相关信息；·语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。0分未能传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。三、Onepossibleversion:DearJim,I’mgladtohearyouwillspendSpringFestivalEvewithmyfamily!NowI’mgoingtotellyouourarrangements.Tocelebratethespecialoccasion,wehavemanyactivitiesplanned.Inthemorning,myfather,acalligraphylover,willwritesomecopiesoftheChinesecharacter“Fu”,meaninggoodluck,whichisatraditioninmyfamily.Youmayjoinmeingivingthemtoourneighbours,anactofspreadinghappinessandjoy.Preparationsforthebigeveningfeastusuallystartintheafternoon.Mymumwillcookvarietiesofdeliciousfood,includingyourfavouriteJiaozi.Wecanhelpher.Intheevening,watchingtheSpringFestivalGalaispartofthecelebration.Asforyourquestions,Isuggestyoucomingearlytoexperiencemoreofthefestival.Howabout