高中定语从句祥讲

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载高中定语从句（I）【探究1】定语从句的概念请看下面的例句。判断划线部分在句中的作用。1)Heisdrivingacarwhich/thatcanrunat150milesanhour.(译)_____________________________________2)Theletterwhich/thatIreceivedyesterdaywasfromafriendofmine.(译)_____________________________________3)Thecomradethat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingisadoctorfromalocalhospital.(译)_____________________________________4)Theboywhosefatherisadoctorlivesnear.(译)_____________________________________5)I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacesthesea.(译)_____________________________________【归纳】像上面的划线部分在从句中作定语，被称为________________，通常用来饰一个名词或代词，这个被定语从句修饰的词叫__________。定语从句必须放在所修饰的词_________，引导定语从句的词叫____________或_______（即关系代词和关系副词）。常见的关系代词有_________________________________..【探究2】关系代词的选用请看下面例句，并思考：选择关系代词时需要考虑哪些因素？1)Themanthat/whoissittingbesidemeisadoctor.(译)_____________________________________2)Doyouremembertheplacewhich/thatwevisitedlastyear?(译)_____________________________________3)ThisisthewomannursewhosenameisLiJuan.(译)_____________________________________4)Thisistheboywhom/who/thatyouarelookingfor.(译)______________________________【归纳】关系代词的选用与先行词关系很大。(1)当先行词指物，且在从句中作主语或宾语时，通常用关系代词_________________见例2）；(2)如先行词指人，且在从句中作主语时，通常用关系代词________________，如例1）,作宾语时用关系代词_______________________，如例4）；(3)关系代词_______既可指人也可指物（作主语或宾语），如例1),2),4)。(4)当关系词在从句中作某一名词(可指人也可指物)的定语时，用___________，见例3)。注意：（1）whose引导定语从句时，“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+关系代词”或“of+关系代词+限定词+名词”来代替。Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhich(whosewindow)openstothesouth.我住在一间窗户朝南的房间里。Pleasepassmethebookofwhichthecover(whosecover)isgreen.请递给我那本封面是绿色的。（2）作宾语的关系代词whom不跟在介词时可用who代替。如例4.【探究3】关系词的省略思考：下面句中的关系代词可以省略吗？1)Theboywhom/who/thatyousawyesterdayhasleft.(译)____________________________________2)Emilyisoneofthegirlswhohavefinishedtheirworkontime.(译)___________________________________3)Iknowthestudentwhosearticlewaspublishedlastmonth.(译)______________________________【归纳】当关系代词在从句中作________时常常可省略，如例1）；而作主语和定语时则不能省略，如例2），3）。关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和__________保持一致，如例2）。【探究4】只用that不用which的若干情况：有些情况下关系代词只用that不用which，你能指出哪些句子只用that吗？1)All________hastobedonehasbeendone.(译)______________________________2)Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.(译)______________________________3)Thisistheonlybookhehas.(译)______________________________4)Hetoldmeaboutthethingsandpersonshemetwithinthatschool.(译)______________________________5)Whichisthesubjectyoulikebest?(译)______________________________6)Thereisabookonthedesk____belongstoTom.桌子上有一本书属于Tom.【归纳】只用that不用which的几种特殊情况：a.先行词为不定代词，如all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everything等时。b.当先行词被all,both,any,few,little,much,no以及thelast修饰时，用that。c.先行词被序数词，形容词最高级以及被thevery,theonly等修饰时。d.当先行词既有人又有物时。e.当主句是who,which开头的特殊疑问句时，用that。f．主句是therebe结构时，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。【注意】当先行词指人时，有时可用who。达标练习I.用适当的关系代词或副词填空。Theman_______talkedwithyoujustnowisapoet.Achild_______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(孤儿)Whoistheyoungman______iswearingaredshirt?Isthisthebook_____yourfatherboughtforyou?Thisistheonlysong_______IcansinginEnglish.Thisisthebeststory_____I'veeverread.Thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.8.Those______dothatmustbemad(疯了).II.单项填空：1.Qingdaoisacity_______hasalotofplacesofinterest.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.what2.Heisoneoftheboyswho______goodatEnglish.A.areB.isC.hasD.Have3.Ihavefoundaman______canhelpyou.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which4.Theriver_______banks（岸）arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.A.whichB.thatC.itsD.whose5.Thisisthemostinterestingfilm_______he'severseen.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whose6.Thisisthehotel_______westayedinlastyear.A.thereB.itC.whoD./7.Thebestbook_______LaoShewroteand______Ihavereadwillbemadeintoafilm.A.which;thatB.that;/C./;thatD./;/8.Atlast,Tomtoldmeeverything_______hehaddoneduringthenight.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.what高中定语从句（II）以where,when,why,介词(in,onwith,during)+which引导的定语从句。观察下面几组定语从句，注意它们的意义、先行词、引导词。【探究1】1)WewillneverforgettheyearwhenSARSbrokeoutinChina.2)Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ifirstcametothisschool.3)Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.归纳:when是关系_______词，指________，在从句中作_________语，其先行词是表示时间的名词，如time,day,hour,week,month,year等。when有时可用_______________代替。第3)中的thedays在定语从句中作动词spent的________语。得出结论：如果先行词为“时间名词”，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，引导词用_________或________；若作状语则用_______.【探究2】1)Shanghaiistheplacewhereshewasborn.2)Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)helivedthreemonthsago.3)Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.归纳:where是关系_______词，指________，在从句中作_________语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place,factory,house,village等。Where有时可用_______________代替。第3)中的thepark在定语从句中作动词visited的________语。得出结论：如果先行词为“地点名词”，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，引导词用_________或________；若作状语则用_______.【探究3】1)Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.2)He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe’slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.3)Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.(P34,L19-20)归纳:如果先行词为point,situation,stage,arcondition,spot,case,position等表示抽象意义的名词，常用_______引导定语从句，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，在定语从句里作__________语。【探究4】1)Isthisthereasonwhyhecamelate?翻译：_____________________________2)Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)Ididit.翻译：__________________________________3)Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhisabsence?翻译：____________________________________归纳:why是关系_______词，指________，在从句中作_________语，其先行词是_________。why有时可用_______________代替。第3)中的thereason在定语从句中作________语。得出结论：如果先行词为reason，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，引导词用_________或________。【探究5】1)ThepeopletowhomyouweretalkingareSwedes.2)ThisisthebookonwhichIspent10yuan.归纳:这是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词是物用_________；先行词是人用_________。【探究6】Thisistheway(that)/(inwhich)Idosuchthings.Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.归纳：当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that,inwhich引导，that常可以省略。Way后面的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用_____或_____引导.【探究7】onwhichIspent5yuan.forwhichIpaid5yuan.1)ThisisthebookfromwhichIlearntalot.aboutwhichTomoftentalks.thedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.2)IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.themonthinwhichIstayedthere.归纳:在这样的定语从句里，介词的使用要根据：1)_____________________________________2)________________________________________注意：有时“介词+关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。Theriver,thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees,flowsothesea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomareteachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。【运用】在下列句子中填入恰当的关系词1.Irememberthedaysduring_________Ilivedhere.2.Istillrememberthetime__________wevisitedthefarm.3.Thisistheroomin_________Ilivedlastyear.4.Thereason_______hedidn’tgotoschoolwasthathewasill.5.Thereason_______hetolduswasreasonable.6.Icanstillrememberthesittingroom________mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.达标练习1.用适当的介词填空1)Idisagreewiththefacts_______whichyourargumentisbased.2)Thesong,_______whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.3)Thisisthereason_______whichheoftencomestoschoollate.4)Iwillneverforgettheway_______whichmyteachertaughtme.5)Thisisthehero________whomweareproud.6)Iwanttofindtheverypen________whichIwrotetheletter.7)Theyarethestudents________whomourteachersarethinkinghighly.8)Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends_______whomyoucanshareyourfeelingsandthoughts.2.单项选择1)Ihavemanyfriends,___somearebusinessmen.A.ofthem B.fromwhichC.whoof D.ofwhom2)Thehotel___westayedatwasbothcheapandcomfortable.A.whichB.whereC.whyD.when3)AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when4)Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where5)Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around_________highmountains.A.whichwas B.itwasC.whichwere D.themwere6)Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich7)TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhich B.atwhichC.inwhich D.onwhich8)Thisisthetrain_________wewenttoJinan.A.onwhich B.bywhichC.inwhich D.throughwhich9)Hishouse,for________hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.A.thatB.itC.themD.which10)Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround_______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand”A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what高中定语从句(III)非限制性定语从句以整个句子为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句动词要用第三人称单数。如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme。他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。非限制性定语从句还可以由“n./porn./nun…+ofwhich/whom”引导。Theytalkedaboutamovie,thenameofwhichI’veneverforgotten.他们谈论过一部电影，我决不会忘记片名。Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestoneofwhichisTaiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。Therelivedanoldmaninthevillage,threesonsofwhomwereservinginthearmy.村子里住着一位老人，他的三个儿子都在部队服役。3.prep.+which/whom也可以引导非限制性定语从句。介词的选择依据是：1）根据先行词确定；2）根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词的搭配选择：3）根据从句所表达的含义确定。ThereasonforwhichIdidn’tlentyouthemoneywasthatIwasshortofmoneymyselfthen.Aleeaskedthepolicemanwithwhomheworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.Water,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.as,which引导非限制性定语从句不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表示说话人对其言语的依据评论看法等。有“正如，像”等意思。定语从句可以置于主句句首句中或句末。as后常接expect,know,report,say,see等动词的主动语态与被动语态。Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.正如我们说看到的那样海洋站地球的70%还要多。Tomdoesn’tfinishhishomework,asoftenhappens.汤姆没有完成作业，这种情况经常发生。3.which引导非限制性定语从句代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表示事实状态起因等，有“这使得这一点”等意思，常置于主句末，相当于andthis或andthat。1）Hecametomybirthdayparty,whichIdidn’texpectatall.我完全没有想到他来参加我的生日聚会了。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichcalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫蒸发。As和Which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别as可单独引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which，那么在非限性定语从句中究竟用as引导还是用which引导呢？现归纳如下：１．从as／which在句子中位置来区分as和which都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换，但as引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，而which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：（１）Asisexpected,ourschoolteamwonthefootballmatch.（２）Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper.（３）Motherwasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.２．从as／which在句子中特定含义来区分as在引导非限性定语从句中有时有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有：Asweallknow,asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,isoftenthecase，asisexpected等。如：（１）Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.（２）Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.（３）Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.或：Theelephant,asanybodycansee,islikeasnake.或：Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.３．从主从句意义匹配要求来区分as引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触，而which则不受此限制。试比较：（１）Shedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,ashadbeenexpected.（２）Shefailedintheexperiment,whichwasunexpected.As和Which的区别1.As通常和such,so或thesame搭配，as引导的定语从句的谓语动词通常是see,expect,say,hope,happen,know等。如：1）Iwishtohavesucharadioasyousaid.我想有一台你说的那样的收音机。2）Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).我和你有相同的看法。3）Asoftenhappens,heislateagain.他又迟到了，这是常事。4）TheGreatWall,asiswellknown,isoneofthewondersintheworld.众所周知，长城是世界上的奇迹之一。5）Tomistall,asarehisbrothers.汤姆个子高，他的兄弟们也都是高个子。6）Frankisafineathlete,aswashisfatherbeforehim.弗兰克是个优秀的运动员，在他之前，他父亲也一样是个优秀运动员。7）ItraveltoLondoneveryday,asdomostthepeoplewholiveinthisvillage.我每天乘车去伦敦，住在这个村子里的大部分人都是这样。8)HeisanEnglishman，as(=which)Iknowfromhisaccent.他是个英国人,这一点我是从他的口音上得知的。9)Hewaslateforschool,asisoftenthecase.他像往常一样上学迟到了。10）Aswasusualwithhim,hewentoutforawalkafterdinner.他又像往常一样,吃完饭出去散步了。10）AsIwassaying,weexpect2015tobeagoodyear.正如我刚才说的,我们期望2015年是个好年头。巩固练习1.___________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsintheseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It2.___________isknowntoall,waterisanimportantkindofnaturalresource.A.AsB.WhichC.WhoD.When3.Chinahasplannedtobuildtheworld’slargestnaturalpark,________isexpectedtoreplaceAmerican’sYellowstoneA.whichB.whereC.whatD.as4.Theyhaveagaininvitedmetovisittheircountry,__________isverykindofthem.A.AsB.WhichC.WhereD.When5.（2012安徽高考29题）Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.as B.it C.which D.this6.（2012福建高考23题）Theairqualityinthecity,______isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.that B.it C.as D.what9．Therearetwosmallroomsinthishouse,___________servesasakitchen.A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallerofthemC.thesmalloneD.thesmallofwhich10.Thebook,____________isblue,ismine.A.coverofwhichB.whichcoverC.ofwhichthecoverD.alltheabove11.2012·山东高考23题）Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof_____havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.them B.that C.which D.what12.(2012北京高考26题)Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas.Hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.that B.which C.where D.when2013——2014高考定语从句(2013北京)27.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparksanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where(2013福建)27. Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose____liveswereaffected.A.whose B.that C.who D.which(2013安徽)29.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,madeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which(2013湖南)21.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whom B.who C.what D.which(2013江苏)32.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when(2013江西)33. Hewrotealetter______heexplainswhathadhappenedintheaccident. A.what B.which C.whereD.how(2013辽宁)34.Hemaywinthecompetition,____________heislikelytogetintothenationalteam. A.inwhichcase B.inthatcase C.inwhatcase D.inwhosecase(2013山东)31.Thereisnosimpleanswer,_____isoftenthecaseinscience.

A.as B.that C.when D.where(2013山东)35.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.when B.where C.which D.whom(2013陕西)16.isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As(2013四川)9.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment_______theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where(2013天津)6.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.A.that B.whichC.whoD.what(2013新课标Ⅰ)33.”Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”. A.asthesayinggoesold B.goesastheoldsayingC.astheoldsayinggoes D.goesasoldthesaying(2013重庆)24.Johnincitedabuout40peopletohiswedding,mostofarefamilymembers.AthemB.thatC.whichD.whom(2013浙江)5.Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.AallofwhatBallofwhichCallofthemDallofwhom(2013浙江)13.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform______visitorscanwatchthebidglasshousesbeingbuilt.AwhatBwhereCwhenDwhy一（2014安徽卷）22．TheexactyearAng