河北省2024届高三年级下册开学联考英语试卷(含答案)

河北省名校2024届高三下学期开学联考英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

ThisIsWhatYourDog'sBehaviorsShouldTellYou

Astraightenedtail

Whenyouseeadog'stailintheair,thatdogprobablyfeelsveryexcitedorconfident

aboutsomething.Ifitstailisshakyandremainsup,thedogprobablyjustfeelschallengedin

away.Wheneveradogiscontent,itstailisalwaysleveledwithitsbody.However,ifthetail

ishanginglow,thisshowssomekindofinsecurity.

Chewingyourfurniture

Whenpuppiesstartteething,theystartchewingthingsaround.Itjustmeansthatthey

havenotbeengettingasmuchphysicalactivityastheirbodyneeds.Youcaneasilyhelpby

takingthemoutforanicewalkorhelpingthemexerciseinsomeotherways.

Tilting（倾斜）theirheads

Whenyouaretalkingtodogs,yousubconsciouslyendupspeakinginahigherpitch.The

dogstiptheirheadsinanattempttounderstandwhatyouaretelling.Dogshaveagreatway

ofreadingdifferentbodylanguageandrespondingtovocalcues.Theyrecognizespecific

wordsespeciallythoseassociatedwithtreatstheyloveorwalks.Acertaintheorystatesthat

dogswillmovetheirheadsinthatmannerasawayofadjustingtheirearssothattheycan

listenbetter.

Raisingtheirears

Whenyouseeadograiseitsears,justknowifslisteningkeenlytoyou.Ithappenswhen

theyareunfamiliarwithacertainsoundandaretryingtofigurethesoundout.Sowhenyou

seethis,justallowyourdogtofigureoutthingsslowlyforasecond.Afterall,it'sverynice

tohaveadogthatisobservant.

1.Ifadogkeepsitstailhanginglow,itsuggestsitfeels.

A.satisfiedB.thrilledC.unsafeD.challenged

2.Whatshouldyoudoifyourdogischewingyourfurniture?

A.Tiethedog.B.Walkthedog.

C.Feedthedog.D.Bathethedog.

3.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsshowsthedogislisteningattentively?

A.Wavingitstail.B.Movingitshead.

C.Raisingitsears.D.Showingitsteeth.

ItwasacloudyafternoonwhenAlexsteppedoffthetrainatSeattle's48thStreetStation.

The22-year-old,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytohisgrandfather^

sotheycouldbuyacar.Suddenly,oneguyfellontothetracksandstartedconvulsing（抽搐）.

Themanfellonthethirdrail,theconduitofelectricitythatpowersSeattle9strains.As

Alexandotherhorrifiedonlookerswatched,heconvulsedviolentlyandhisheadbouncedup

anddown.

Alexcouldn9tjuststandthere.Assumingeveryrailwaselectrified,Alextookafewquick

bounds,high-kneeingitashe'ddoneinhighschoolfootballteam,untilhewasstandingover

thevictim.Thetrainhe9djustgottenoffstopped,thankfully.Alexreacheddownandgrasped

thevictim'swrist.Instantly,hefeltablastofelectricshock.Again,hewasshockedagain.

Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman'swrist,bravingtheshock.Theguy'sbodyslidbriefly

alongthethirdrail,comingtorestonthegravel（砂砾）.

“GivehimCPR!”yelledtwolookers-on.Andheworkedontheman'sheartuntilthe

victimbeganbreathing.Thennursesandfirefightersarrived.Theytoldauthoritiestocutthe

power,deactivatingthethirdrail.Hisheartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbed

backupandcontinuedontohisgrandfather^.

Asplanned,theywenttolookatthecar,butithadbeensold.TheEveningNextreported

theincident,creditingananonymousherowithsavingthevictim.Afterafriendrevealedhis

identity,AlexbecamethetoastofSeattle.Afewdayslater,hewasrewardedwithacar.Alex

wasthenrecruitedbythefiredepartmentandisnowbeingtrained.

4.WhatwasAlex'splanthatafternoon?

A.Purchasingavehicle.B.Takingthetrain.

C.Visitinghisgrandfather.D.Workinginthegrocerystore.

5.Whatcouldbethemajorproblemoftherescue?

A.Theman'sheavyweight.B.Thelongdistance.

C.Theheightoftheplatform.D.Theelectrifiedrail.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deactivating“inparagraph4mean?

A.Slowing.B.Speeding.C.Stopping.D.Starting.

7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Onegoodturndeservesanother.

B.Cautionistheparentofsafety.

C.Threeheadsarebetterthanone.

D.Lookers-onseemorethanplayers.

Today,manypeopleareturningtosocialmediafortheirfitnessroutines,withTikTok,

oneofthemostpopularplatforms.Indeed,itsfitnesscategoryhassome300billionviews.

Butarethepostedworks,exercisesandchallengesreallysafeandeffective?

Whilefitnessinfluencerscanencouragepeopletobecomemorephysicallyactive,which

isapositive,thequalityandaccuracyoftheircontentisaconcern,accordingtoa2023

reviewinFrontiersinPublicHealth.

“TherearealotofunsustainableandunrealisticworkoutsonTikTok,andevensome

dangerousadvice,“saidJessBrown,acertifiedpersonaltrainerinWestchester,NewYork.

"What'smore,muchofthefitnessinformationonTikTokisn'tbackedbyscienceorposted

byfitnessprofessionals.Theworkoutsareusuallygeneralizedtoanyone,too,anddon'ttake

intoaccountyourhealth,yourfamilyhistory,yourflexibility,yourrangeofmotion——thelist

goeson,“saidMonicaJones,acertifiedpersonaltrainerinWashington,DC.

OneofthemorepopularTikTokfitnesstrendsinvolvesdevelopingyourabdominal

muscles.Thesechallengesoftenshowaninfluencerdoingoneexerciseorseriesof

movementsthat,ifrepeateddailyforaweekortwo,ispromisedtoresultinasexysix-pack.

“Noway,“Brownsaid."We'veprovenagainandagainthatspotreductionisn'tathing.”

"Unfortunately,therewillalwaysbetrendscenteredaroundgettingfastresults,because

thosegrabpeople'sattention.Butit'simportanttolookatyourfitnessandhealthasalifelong

journey,notsomethingyoucanachievewithin10to90days,“Jonessaid.

Howcanyouseparatequalityworkoutsfromdangerousones?First,checkthe

informationoftheposters.Theyshouldbecertifiedfitnessprofessionalswhohave

experienceworkingwithpeople.Youalsowantacoachwhoemphasizesimprovingstrength

andhealth,notonewhofocusesonbodytype.Aqualityinfluencershouldencouragemental

well-being,self-careandtheimportanceoflisteningtoyourbodyinadditiontophysical

fitness.

8.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.TheproblemsoffitnesscontentonTikTok.

B.ThelackofsustainabilityonTikTokworkouts.

C.TheneedsforpersonalizedworkoutonTikTok.

D.TheabsenceofscientificbackinginfitnessinformationonTikTok.

9.WhatdofitnessinfluencersoftenpromiseinpopularTikToktrends?

A.Sustainableworkoutroutines.

B.Long-termhealthimprovement.

C.Certifiedfitnessprofessionalguidance.

D.Easyexercisewithimmediateresults.

10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayJonesagreewith?

A.Fitnessshouldbealifelongjourney,notaquickachievement.

B.Fitnesstrainingshouldbespecifictobodytypeandflexibility.

C.Fitnessinfluencersmustprioritizefastresultsoverlong-termhealth.

D.TikTokworkoutsmustpromotementalwell-beingoverphysicalfitness.

11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkimportanttoevaluateaqualityfitnessinfluencer?

A.Personalizedworkoutplans.

B.Payingattentiontodetailinexercises.

C.Takingabalancedapproachtofitness.

D.Certificationandreputationinfitnesstraining.

Afterskating,skiingorcleaningsnow,nothingwarmsyouupbetterthanacupofhot

cocoa.Althoughtoday'stypicaltoppings-cream,marshmallows,crushedcandy-maybe

wonderful,chocolatewasfirstconsumedinliquidformbytheOlmecpeopleofnorthwestern

CentralAmericaaround1500B.C.ItwasevenenjoyedbytheAztecemperorMontezuma,

andtheAztecword“Xocolatl“foritevolved（演化）intotheEnglishwordchocolate.

ButtheAztecsdidn'tservetheircocoahot.Andsincesugarhadnotyetarrivedfrom

Europe,backthen,thedrinkwasoftenflavoredwithpepperandspices.Itmaynothavebeen

quiteasvariousastoday'sversion,butitwasmoredeliciousifyoubelieved,astheAztecs

did,thatchocolatewasagiftfromthegodsandhadhealingproperties.

AftertheSpanisharrivedintheAmericasinthe1500s,liquidchocolatemadeitsway

acrossthepond,wherewealthyEuropeansaddedsugaranddrankitwarm.InChocolate:

History,CultureandHeritage,authorBertramGordonsayshotchocolatebecame"the

beverage（饮品）oftheupperclass”,assugarwasstillaluxury.Doctorsalsobeganusingitto

masktheunpleasanttasteofmedicines,andsomedoctorstodaystillsuggestthatparentstry

that.

Soonenough,though,hotchocolatecaughtonwiththemasses.Chocolatehouses——a

crossbetweencafesandcasinos（赌场）一startedpoppinguparound17th-centuryEurope.In

theselivelyplaces,hotchocolatewaspouredfromgoldenpotsintoelegantcups.Butbythe

endofthe18thcentury,chocolatehouseshadmostlydiedoff,partlybecausethecostof

chocolatewasmuchhigherthanthatofcoffeeortea.

Howeveryouchoosetojazzupyourowncup,thesimplepleasureofdrinkingawarm,

chocolateybeverageisonethathasn'tgottenoldforthousandsofyears.Agiftfromthegods?

Perhaps.Butifscertainlyonethatkeepsongiving.

12.WhatdidtheAztecsbelieveaboutchocolate?

A.Itshouldbeservedhot.

B.Itwasagodsendwithhealingqualities.

C.ItwasfirstconsumedbytheOlmecpeople.

D.Itshouldbeflavoredwithpepperandspices.

13.AccordingtoBertramGordon,whydidhotchocolatebecomethebeverageoftheupper

class?

A.Itwasasymbolofluxuriouslife.

B.Itwasatreatonlytherichcouldafford.

C.Itsrecipewasonlyknowntotheupperclass.

D.Itsflavorwasonlyenjoyedbytheupperclass.

14.Whydidchocolatehousesdeclineinpopularitybytheendofthe18thcentury?

A.Thecostofchocolateincreased.

B.Thetasteofhotchocolatechanged.

C.Otheralternativedrinkswererelativelycheap.

D.Chocolatehouseswerereplacedbycafesandcasinos.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theoriginsandevolutionofhotchocolate.

B.Thelastingpleasureofdrinkinghotchocolate.

C.TheriseandfallofchocolatehousesinEurope.

D.Thepopularityofhotchocolateamongtheupperclass.

二、七选五

16.“Tohavepassedthroughlifeandneverexperiencedsolitude（独处）istohavenever

knownoneself,"writesJosephKrutchinhismemoir,TheDesertYear.

①Especiallyduringthebustlingholidayseason,whencelebrations,

shoppingandgatheringsappealtoyou,theluxuryofamomentofsolitudeistobesoughtout

andtreasured.

It'simportanttodistinguishsolitudefromloneliness-thelatterisanegativeexperience

ofisolation（隔离），andresearchshowsthatoneneednotliterallybealonetofeellonely.②

Thechoicetoenjoyyourowncompanyhasalargenumberofbenefits.

（3）Nooneelsegetstohaveyourattentionwhenyouarealoneathome,

takingalightandactiveDecemberwalkorevensittingquietlyinacafewithahotchocolate

andagoodbook.Whenyoucanfocusallyourattentiononwhatyouwantandwhatison

yourmindalone,youwillbefreetoseeyourselfmoreclearly.

Itencouragesascreen-freemoment.Whenyouchoosetospendsometimeinsolitude,

thatmeansyouarepreparedtostepawayfromtextmessagesandsocialmediaforatime.

Takingevenasmallbreakfromyourattachmenttothosebottomlessactivitieswillrefresh

you.（4）_________

Youhavespacetoreflectonyourpriorities.C6Ifindthatthewholepointofsolitudeisthat

youcannotonlyenjoyyourowncompany,butalsoreview,changeandimprovewhoyouare

asaperson,writesthebloggerKirkPineda."Ifyoualreadyhaveapersoninmindwhois

ideal,whydon'tyoubecomethatperson?”⑤Andyouwillhavetheemotional

andphysicalspacetoconsiderwhatareasofgrowthyoucansetyoursightson.

A.Yourattentionisonlyyourown.

B.Solitudeisagiftwecanchoosetogiveourselves.

C.However,forothers,solituderepresentsadesirabletimeofcomfort.

D.Solitudegivestimeandspaceforreflectiononthecourseandpathoflife.

E.Anditgivesyouamomenttonoticeyourownthoughtsandfeelingsinthemeantime.

F.Solitude,bycontrast,istheintentionalactivityofspendingtimeinyourownpresence.

G.Whenyouareinaself-reflectivemomentofsolitude,youcanseeyourselfwithfresheyes.

三、完形填空（15空）

At7:30amonChristmasEve,MaryBlackgotacallfromanunknownnumber.Itwas

NicolaGrant,aBletchleyresidentwhohad]Mary'sbrotherRoyBlack.Roywas

then64,mentally2,andleftthegrouphomeinthedeadlywinterstormthatbegan

strikingBletchleythepreviousday.

Afterwanderingforalongtime,Roy3inasnowbankdirectlyoutsideNicola's

home.Hewassobbing（啜泣）andcryingout4.Nicolawentoutsideandfounda

stranger,screamingandconfused.Shewentintothestormwithherhusband,carryingRoy

intotheirhome.Royhad5signsofseverefrostbite:handsseverelyswollenand

coveredinmulticoloredblistersandsores.Nicolausedahairdryerto6hisclothing,

whichstucktightlytohisshivering（颤抖）body.Still,despiteallNicolahaddonetotreathis

7,Royurgentlyneeded8attention.Gettinghelpseemed9,though,forthe

roadswereslipperywithiceandsnow.Theywerecryingindespair（绝望）.Ina10

cryforhelponDecember25-onefulldayafterRoyHoutsideherhouse-Nicola

postedalivevideoonFacebook.

Withinhalfanhour,neighbors12tohelp,shovelingiceandsnowaround

Nicola'shome.TheywrappedupRoywarmandspedhimtothe13MedicalCenter.

“Therescueisall14toNicola,“saidMary,whowas15withappreciation

andreliefthatherbigbrotherwassafe.

17.A.transportedB.rescuedC.dismissedD.accused

18.A.disabledB.qualifiedC.harmfulD.honest

19.A.wakedupB.spedupC.endedupD.dressedup

20.A.insorrowB.indisbeliefC.inregretD.incomfort

21.A.diverseB.dramaticC.incredibleD.visible

22.A.ironB.cleanC.removeD.tidy

23.A.illnessesB.woundsC.anklesD.knees

24.A.medicalB.subsequentC.genuineD.decent

25.A.essentialB.predictableC.unusualD.impossible

26.A.greedyB.desperateC.hopelessD.regretful

27.A.hurriedB.hesitatedC.showedD.slept

28.A.applaudedB.proposedC.requestedD.offered

29.A.nearbyB.temporaryC.amateurD.alternative

30.A.donatedB.owedC.awardedD.contributed

31.A.burdenedB.satisfiedC.filledD.provided

四、短文填空

32.ChinesecalligraphyisanartisticpracticeofwritingChinesecharacters,oftenwitha

brushandinkonXuanpaper.TheevolutionofChinesecalligraphybeganalongsidethe①

(early)Chinesecharacterstodate一inscriptionsonoraclebones(甲骨文)fromthe

ShangDynastyinAnyang,HenanProvince.Overtime,calligraphygraduallytookshapeasa

formofartratherthanameremeans②record.

Calligraphyisa(3)(demand)andadvancedart.Frombrushinclinationand

directiontospeedofwriting,everytwistandturnofthewrist(4)(calculate).

Structureofindividualcharactersandspatiallayoutasawholedetermineitsquality.

Moreover,itissaidthattheemotionsandphilosophyofthewriterare⑤

(direct)reflectedoncalligraphy.

Calligraphyisrefinedart.LanTingXu.⑥(create)byWangXizhiduringthe

EasternJinDynasty(317—420),isoneofthemostcelebratedmasterpiecesofChinese

calligraphy.Itseleganceandexpressivebrushworkbroughtitbothhistoricalandcultural

significanceinChineseliterature.Calligraphyisalsowithinreach.Likethespringfestival

couplets(对联)⑦decoratedoorsofeverydayfolks,calligraphyhasalwaysbeen

theembodimentofart(8)(appreciate)fortheChinese.

WherethereisChineselanguage,thereisChinesecalligraphy,(9)wherethere

iscalligraphy,thereisbeauty.Theartistryisstillhighlyvaluedtoday,foritismorethanjust

writing,itis⑩livingtreasure.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是李华，校英文报开设了英文歌曲栏目，正面向全校师生征集好听的英文

歌曲。请你写一封推荐信，内容包括：

1.推荐歌曲；

2.推荐理由。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Deareditor,

Yours,

LiHua

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

IwasmakingmymorningcoffeeandwonderinghowIwouldgetthroughtheday,

especiallywiththeraincomingdown,whenIcaughtsightofTony9sphotoonthewall,which

showedTonyposingwithagroupofhuntingdogs.Istaredoutthewindow,thinkingofTony.

Ifonlyhereallywerestillhere.

TonyservedintheNavyandwemovedaroundalot,everythreeyearstoanewnaval

base（海军基地）.Itdidn'tmatterwherewelivedaslongasweweretogether.AfterTony

retired,wemovedintoafarmhouseinnorthGeorgia.Iimaginedalifetimeofsippingsweet

teaonthebackporch（门廊），whileTonysharedstoriesabouthunting.Hisdreamwasto

raiseahuntingdog.Meanwhile,IhadmyheartsetongettingasweetYorkie,alittledogthat

couldfitinmyhandbag.

Wehadsomanyplans,somanydreams.Butsomemonthsafterwe'dmovedin,Ifound

Tonyontheporch,lookingunsettled."Doctorsaysmyliverisfailing,hesaid."I'llneedan

operation.^^Inmyeyes,he'dalwaysbeeninvincible（不可战胜的）.Ididn'twantto

believehecoulddie.IwasovercomewithgriefwhenTonydiedtwomonthsafterthe

operation.

Ourfarmhouse,whichhadoncebeensolivelyandfilledwithlaughter,wasterriblyquiet.

Sodarkandempty.TherewasnoonetogreetmewhenIcamehomefromwork,noonetosit

withonthebackporchandnoonetowalkwitharoundourproperty.

Istaredoutthewindowattherain,whichwascomingdownevenheaviernow.Iwas

abouttoheadbacktothekitchenwhenIhappenedtonoticemovement.

注意：

L续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Somethingsmallandfurryemergedfromthewoodsinthebackyard.

Istaredatthedoginamazement.

参考答案

1.答案：c

解析：细节理解题。根据Astraightenedtail部分中“However,ifthetailishanginglow,

thisshowssomekindofinsecurity.（然而，如果尾巴垂得很低，这表明狗缺乏安全感）”可

知，家犬尾巴低垂表达其不安全的含义。故选C。

2.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据Chewingyourfurniture部分中“Youcaneasilyhelpbytaking

themoutforanicewalkorhelpingthemexerciseinsomeotherways.（你可以很容易地通过

带它们出去散步或以其他方式帮助它们锻炼来帮助它们）”可知，家犬咬家具时，主人

可以遛狗或给予其他形式的活动。故选B。

3.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据Raisingtheirears部分中“Whenyouseeadograiseitsears,just

knowifslisteningkeenlytoyou.（当你看到狗竖起耳朵时，你要知道它在认真地听你说

话）”可知，家犬竖起耳朵的含义为其在专注倾听。故选C。

4.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The22-year-old,whoworkednightsinagrocery

store,wasonhiswaytohisgrandfather'ssotheycouldbuyacar.（这位22岁的年轻人晚上

在一家杂货店工作，当时他正在去爷爷家的路上，这样他们就可以买车了。）”可知，

Alex那天计划去买车。故选A。

5.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Assumingeveryrailwaselectrified,Alextookafew

quickbounds,high-kneeingitashe'ddoneinhighschoolfootballteam,untilhewas

standingoverthevictim.（认为每根铁轨都通了电，Alex就快速地跳了几次，像在高中橄

榄球队那样高抬腿，直到他站在受害者身边。）”和“Instantly,hefeltablastofelectric

shock.Again,hewasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman'swrist,bravingthe

shock.（他立刻感到一阵电击。他再次被电击。但第三次他抓住了那个男人的手腕，顶

住了电击。）”可知，Alex在营救过程中的主要问题是铁轨通电了。故选D。

6.答案：C

解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Theytoldauthoritiestocutthepower”可知，护士

和消防员让当局切断电源，这样做是为了停用第三根铁轨，deactivate意为“使停止工

作"，与stop的意思最接近。故选C。

7.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"TheEveningNextreportedtheincident,crediting

ananonymousherowithsavingthevictim.Afterafriendrevealedhisidentity,Alexbecame

thetoastofSeattle.Afewdayslater,hewasrewardedwithacar.Alexwasthenrecruitedby

thefiredepartmentandisnowbeingtrained.（《晚间新闻》报道了这一事件，并称赞一位

匿名英雄救了受害者。在一位朋友透露了他的身份后，Alex成了西雅图最受推崇的

人。几天后，他得到了一辆汽车的奖励。Alex当时被消防部门招募，目前正在接受培

训I。广可知，Alex上了新闻身份被曝光后，他收到了一辆汽车作为奖励，而且被消防

部门成功录取，由此可推测出，这件事告诉我们善有善报（Onegoodturndeserves

another）。故选A。

8.答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。第三段主要讲的是TikTok上健身内容存在的问题。故选A。

9.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Thesechallengesoftenshowaninfluencerdoingone

exerciseorseriesofmovementsthat,ifrepeateddailyforaweekortwo,ispromisedtoresult

inasexysix-pack.（这些挑战通常显示网红做一项或一系列的运动，如果每天重复一到

两周，就会有性感的六块腹肌）”可知，网红健身教练承诺简单易行，见效快。故选

Do

10.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Butit'simportanttolookatyourfitnessandhealth

asalifelongjourney,notsomethingyoucanachievewithin10to90days（但重要的是要把

你的健身和健康看作是一生的旅程，而不是你在10到90天内就能实现的）”可知，

Jones认为健身不是能够速成的，这是一项长期的事情。故选A。

11.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段"Aqualityinfluencershouldencouragementalwell­

being,self-careandtheimportanceoflisteningtoyourbodyinadditiontophysical

fitness.（一个有素质的影响者应该鼓励心理健康、自我保健以及除了身体健康之外倾听

身体声音的重要性）”可知，作者认为评估优质健身影响者的重要因素是采取平衡的健

身方法。故选C。

12.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Itmaynothavebeenquiteasvariousastoday's

version,butitwasmoredeliciousifyoubelieved,astheAztecsdid,thatchocolatewasagift

fromthegodsandhadhealingproperties.（它可能没有今天的版本那么多样化，但如果你

像阿兹特克人一样相信巧克力是上帝的礼物，具有治疗作用，它会更美味。厂可知，

像阿兹特克人认为巧克力是上帝的礼物，具有治疗作用。故选B。

13.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的"InChocolate:History,CultureandHeritage,author

BertramGordonsayshotchocolatebecame"thebeverage（饮品）oftheupperclass5,assugar

wasstillaluxury.（14《巧克力：历史、文化和遗产》一书中，作者BertramGordon说，

热巧克力成了‘上层阶级的饮料'，因为糖仍然是一种奢侈品。）”可知，因为糖在当时是

一种奢侈品，所以热巧克力成了“上层阶级的饮料”，只有上层阶级能负担得起。故选

Bo

14.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Butbytheendofthe18thcentury,chocolatehouses

hadmostlydiedoff,partlybecausethecostofchocolatewasmuchhigherthanthatofcoffee

ortea.（但到了18世纪末，巧克力屋大多已经消亡，部分原因是巧克力的价格远高于咖

啡或茶。）”可知，由于咖啡或茶这些替代性饮料与巧克力相比更便宜，所以18世纪末

大多数巧克力屋逐渐没落。故选C。

15.答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的'"Althoughtoday'stypicaltoppings―cream,

marshmallows,crushedcandy—maybewonderful,chocolatewasfirstconsumedinliquid

formbytheOlmecpeopleofnorthwesternCentralAmericaaround1500B.C.（尽管今天的

典型浇头一奶油、棉花糖、碎糖果一可能很美味，但巧克力最早是在公元前1500

年左右由中美洲西北部的奥尔梅克人以液态形式食用的。）”可知，第一段讲述了巧克

力的起源；根据第二段中的"AndsincesugarhadnotyetarrivedfromEurope,backthen,

thedrinkwasoftenflavoredwithpepperandspices.（但是阿兹特克人并没有给他们的椰子

上热的。）“、第三段中的"AftertheSpanisharrivedintheAmericasinthe1500s,liquid

chocolatemadeitswayacrossthepond,wherewealthyEuropeansaddedsugaranddrankit

warm.（15世纪西班牙人抵达美洲后，液态巧克力穿过大西洋彼岸，富有的欧洲人在那

里添加糖并温热饮用。）”、第四段中的“Soonenough,though,hotchocolatecaughton

withthemasses.Chocolatehouses一acrossbetweencafesandcasinos（赌场）一started

poppinguparound17th-centuryEurope.（不过，很快，热巧克力就在大众中流行起来

了。巧克力屋一介于咖啡馆和赌场之间一大约在17世纪的欧洲开始出现。广等可

知，第二、三、四段介绍了热巧克力的发展历史；根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段

总结全文，强调喝一杯温热的巧克力饮料的简单乐趣在数千年来从不过时。由此可推

测出，本文主要讲述了热巧克力的起源和发展历史。故选A。

16.答案：①-⑤BFAEG

解析：①空处是本段主旨句。根据后文“Especiallyduringthebustlingholidayseason,

whencelebrations,shoppingandgatheringsappealtoyou,theluxuryofamomentofsolitude

istobesoughtoutandtreasured.（尤其是在繁忙的假日季节，当庆祝活动、购物和聚会吸

引你时，独处时刻的奢侈值得寻找和珍惜。厂可知，本段主要讲述了在忙碌的时候独

处显得格外奢侈，值得去寻找和珍惜，B项“独处是我们可以选择送给自己的礼物。”

引出下文。故选B。

②根据前文"It'simportanttodistinguishsolitudefromloneliness-thelatterisanegative

experienceofisolation/鬲离），andresearchshowsthatoneneednotliterallybealonetofeel

lonely.（区分独处和孤独很重要一孤独是一种消极的隔离体验，研究表明，一个人不

需要独自一人就可以感到孤独。）”可知，本段主要讲述的是独处和孤独的区别，并且

前面讲述了孤独的特点，空处应讲述独处的特点，F项“相比之下，独处是一种有意识

地花时间独处的活动。”符合题意。选项中的bycontrast表示前后之间形成对比。故选

Fo

③空处是本段主旨句。根据后文中的“Nooneelsegetstohaveyourattentionwhenyou

arealoneathome,takingalightandactiveDecemberwalkorevensittingquietlyinacafe

withahotchocolateandagoodbook.Whenyoucanfocusallyourattentiononwhatyou

wantandwhatisonyourmindalone,youwillbefreetoseeyourselfmoreclearly.（当你独自

一人在家，在12月轻松而活跃地散步，甚至安静地坐在咖啡馆里喝着热巧克力和看着

一本好书时，没有人会引起你的注意。当你能把所有的注意力都集中在你想要的东西

上，只关注你心里的东西时，你就能更清楚地看到自己。）”可知，本段主要讲述了独

处可以让你关注自己，A项“你的注意力只属于你自己。”符合题意。故选A。

④根据本段主旨句“Itencouragesascreen-freemoment.（它鼓励一个没有屏幕的时刻。）“

和空前一句"Takingevenasmallbreakfromyourattachmenttothosebottomlessactivities

willrefreshyou.（哪怕是从你对那些无底洞活动的依恋中稍作休息，也会让你精神焕

发。）”可知，本段主要讲述了独处可以让你远离电子屏幕，使你能够有所休息、变得

精神焕发，所以空处应承接上文，讲述远离电子屏幕的其他好处，E项“同时，它还给

了你一个注意你自己的想法和感受的时刻。”符合题意，it指代前句中的“Takingevena

smallbreakfromyourattachmenttothosebottomlessactivities^^。故选E。

⑤根据本段主旨句“Youhavespacetoreflectonyourpriorities.（你有空间思考你的优先事

项。）”可知，独处让你有空间来思考自己的优先事项，关键词为reflectonyour

priorities0结合后文“Andyouwillhavetheemotionalandphysicalspacetoconsiderwhat

areasofgrowthyoucansetyoursightson.（并且你将有情感和身体空间来考虑你可以将目

光投向哪些成长领域。）”可知，空处与下文之间是并列关系，讲述当独处让你有反思

空间时的好处，G项“当你处于独处的自我反思时刻时，你可以用全新的眼光看待自

己。”符合题意。故选G。

17.答案：B

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是NicolaGrant,营救Mary哥哥RoyBlack的布

莱切利居民。A.transported运输，运送；B.rescued援救，营救；C.dismissed摒弃；D.

accused指责。根据下文中的“Shewentintothestormwithherhusband,carryingRoyinto

theirhome.（她和丈夫一起走入风暴，把Roy带到家里。）“可知，她和丈夫救了Roy。

故选B。

18.答案：A

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Roy当时64岁，患有精神残疾，在前一天开始侵

袭布莱切利的致命冬季风暴中离开了教养院。A.disabled丧失能力的，有残疾的；B.

qualified有资格的；C.harmful有害的；D.honest城市的。根据句中的"leftthegroup

homeinthedeadlywinterstormthatbeganstrikingBletchleythepreviousday”和下文中的

“Afterwanderingforalongtime""Hewassobbing（啜泣）andcryingout""screamingand

confUsed”等可以看出，他在暴风雪来临时离开教养院，在外面迷路、哭泣、尖叫、困

惑，这种种表现可以看出他有精神疾病。故选A。

19.答案：C

解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在徘徊了很长一段时间后，Roy最终被困在Nicola

家正门口的一个雪堆里。A.wakedup唤醒；B.spedup加速；C.endedup最终处于；D.

dressedup穿上盛装。根据句中的"Afterwanderingforalongtime”可知，Roy在外面徘

徊了很久，最终被困在Nicola家正门口的一个雪