高考英语大一轮复习 4 Unit 4 Global warming知能演练轻松闯关（含解析）新人教版选修6-新人教版高三选修6英语试题

Unit4Globalwarmingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解A(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox­setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande­readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving­roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat’sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon­demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.【解题导语】该文指出生活中常见的过时电子设备其实作用小、耗能高，并提出了解决方案。1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment­friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.A解析：推理判断题。根据对第一段的整体理解可知，与新的电子设备相比，过时电子设备不仅耗能高，而且危害环境，所以可推断出，新的电子设备是环保的，故选A项。2．WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?A．Toreducethecostofminerals.B．Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C．Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D．Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife”可知，Babbitt的团队做这项研究的目的是计算电子设备的耗电情况，故选D项。3．Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A．Thebox­setTV. B．Thetablet.C．TheLCDTV. D．Thedesktopcomputer.B解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Theyfoundthatmoreon­demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%”可知，用平板电脑替换电视机和台式电脑会节省44%的能耗，根据第二段中的“LCDTVsentered...showedupin2007”可知，平板电脑应比液晶电视耗能低，故选B项。4．Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A．Stopusingthem. B．Takethemapart.C．Upgradethem. D．Recyclethem.A解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句中的“theresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction”可推断出，文章建议用多功能的新设备来替换过时设备，即停止使用过时设备，故选A项。takeapart“拆卸”；upgrade“使升级”；recycle“回收利用”。B(2019·江西名校联盟检测)Foroveracentury,theNashuaRiverinMassachusettsprovidedpowerformills(工厂),whichgavejobstothousandsofpeople.Overtheyears,thesepaper,cotton,wood,andwoolenmillshaddumpedtheirwasteintoitswaters.Bythe1960s,theNashuaRiverwasaboutaspollutedasanyrivercouldget.Itswatersranredorgreenorbluewithdye(染料)frompapermillssituatedonitsbanks.Thefumes(烟)fromthisdyeblackenedthepaintonthebuildingsneartheriver.ThenalongcameMarionStoddartwithasimplebutoverwhelmingidea—cleanuptheNashua.Thiswasnoone­womancampaign.Stoddartencouragedthepapermillsandthebusinesscommunitytoformpartnershipstoreclaimtheriver.Shecarriedjarsofdirtyriverwatertolocalofficialstodemonstratetheseriousnessoftheproblem.Stoddarttalkedwithbusinessleadersabouteconomicproblems.Shetalkedwithenvironmentalistsaboutthelong­termproblemsofpollution.StoddartknewthattheStateWaterPollutionControlBoardwouldhavethefinalsayonforcingtheclean­up.Whenshespoketotheboard,sheinsistedthattheNashuashouldbemadesafeforswimming.Theythoughthergoalswereunrealistic.However,thepartnershipsStoddarthadhelpedformandthevolunteerswhoweredrawntohercausenevergaveup.Theyallrealizedthatcleaninguptheriverwasineveryone’sbestinterests.By1993,severalwatertreatmentplantshadbeenbuilt,andaconservationareacalleda“greenway”hadbeencreatedalongthebanksoftheriver.Todaymillsarestilloperatingalongtheriver,buttherearealsofishintheriver.TheNashuaRiverwelcomesboaters,naturalists,andevenswimmers.Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutawomanofvisionandacommunityworkingtogether.【解题导语】本文讲的是MarionStoddart如何联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染的事。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reclaim”referto?A．Rescue. B．Enlarge.C．Monitor. D．Explore.A解析：词义猜测题。结合语境及上下文中出现的“cleanuptheNashua”“theclean­up”“cleaninguptheriver”等信息可知，此处指的应是河流治理方面的内容，由此可推知画线词的意思应是“改造”，与A项意思相近，故选A。6．What’stheboard’sattitudetoStoddart’sgoalofimprovingtheriver?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.C．Neutral. D．Cautious.B解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Whenshespoketotheboard...Theythoughthergoalswereunrealistic.”可知，该委员会认为Stoddart改善河流状况的目标不切实际，即持怀疑的态度，故选B。7．WhatkindofpersonisMarionStoddart?A．Independentandbroad­minded.B．Determinedandfar­sighted.C．Intelligentandcreative.D．Stubbornandproud.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三、四段中对Stoddart为了改善河流状况东奔西走的描述及最后一段中的“awomanofvision”可知，MarionStoddart是一个有决心和有远见卓识的人。故选B。8．Whatmessageisconveyedthroughthenoone­womancampaign?A．It’llbeallrightonthenight.B．Preventionisbetterthancure.C．Manyhandsmakelightwork.D．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，改善纳舒厄河被污染的现状并不是Stoddart一个人的战斗，她还积极地联合个体、团队和政府部门共同治理河水污染，并最终收到成效。由此可知，C项“众人拾柴火焰高”符合题意。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七选五(2019·广州检测)Philadelphiaisacityknownformanythings.ItiswheretheDeclarationofIndependencewassignedin1776,anditwasalsothefirstcapitaloftheUnitedStates.1.________Itishometonearly3，000murals(壁画)paintedonthesidesofhomesandbuildingsaroundthecity.That’smoremuralsthananyothercityonEarth.2.________Morethan20yearsago,aNewJerseyartistnamedJaneGoldenstartedaprogrampairingtroubledyouthwithartiststopaintmuralsonafewbuildingsaroundthecity.3.________Theteenagersinvolvedhelpedtocreatemagnificentpiecesofart,andtherewereother,evenmoreimportant,benefits.Theyoungpeoplelearnedtocooperateandgetalongwithmanydifferentkindsofpeopleduringthepainting.Theylearnedtoberesponsible,becausetheyneededtofollowascheduletomakesurethemuralswerecompleted.4.________ItishardforanyonetoseethespectaculardesignsandnotfeelproudtobeapartofPhiladelphia.TakeawalkaroundsomeofthepoorestneighbourhoodsinPhiladelphiaandyouwillfindbeautifulworksofartonthesidesandfrontsofbuildings.Ofcoursethemuralsarenotjustinpoorneighbourhoods,butricheronesaswell.Specialbusestaketouriststodifferentpartsofthecitytoseethevariousmurals,whichshowthediverseethnicgroupsthatcallPhiladelphiahome.5．________ItisalsoamodelforothercitiesthroughoutAmericaseekingtohelptroubledyouth.A．Howdidthiscometobe?B．Whathappenedtothemuralsonearth?C．Theyalsolearnedtotakeprideintheircommunity.D．ButonefactaboutPhiladelphiaisnotsowell­known.E．Fromthissmallproject,somethingmagicalhappened.F．Theprogramencouragedtroubledyouthtopainttogetherwiththeirteachers.G．Asaresultofitssuccess,themuralprogramhasnowbecomethenation’slargestpublicartprogram.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了费城壁画的发展历史及其重大意义。1．D解析：由本段第一句可知，费城因为许多东西而闻名。D项“但是有一个事实不是很为人所知”是对前文的转折，同时引出本文所要介绍的内容，承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。2．A解析：上一句介绍了费城拥有比世界其他城市都多的壁画；下文介绍了费城壁画发展的历史。A项“这是怎么出现的？”承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。3．E解析：根据下一句中的“therewereother,evenmoreimportant,benefits”可知，这些问题少年参与到壁画的创作中，并且在这个过程中带来了更重要的益处。E项“从这个小小的项目中，一些神奇的事情发生了”引出了对壁画益处的介绍，符合语境。故选E项。4．C解析：根据下一句“Itishardforanyone...notfeelproudtobeapartofPhiladelphia.”可知，人们开始将这些壁画当作是费城引以为傲的一部分。C项意为“他们同样学会了为自己的社区感到骄傲”，句中的“also”承接上文，takepridein与下文中的“feelproud”相呼应，承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。5．G解析：根据下一句“Itisalsoamodelforothercities...”可知，最后总结了壁画对费城产生的影响。G项意为“由于它的成功，这个壁画项目已经成为整个国家最大的公共艺术项目”，是对费城壁画的地位评价，总结全文，符合语境。故选G项。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)短文改错(2019·郑州一中上学期高三入学测试)TheincidenthadhappenedonmywaytoabookstoreontherainySundayafternoon.Iwaswaitingforthegreen