2024年新高考考前押题密卷英语（新高考Ⅰ卷）（全解全析）

地理第2页（共3页）2024年高考考前押题密卷（新高考I卷）英语·全解全析（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whenwillthefootballmatchtakeplace?A．OnSaturday. B．OnFriday. C．OnThursday.【答案】A【原文】W:WillyoutakepartinthefootballmatchonSaturday?M:That’sthedayaftertomorrow.I’mafraidnot.Ihavetosetasidethreedaystoprepareforthemathexamnextweek.2．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Jonny’skinddeed. B．Theoldlady’strouble. C．Theuseofsocialmedia.【答案】A【原文】W:YesterdayJonnymetanoldladyinthestreet,whocouldn’tfindherwayhome.M:Didhetakehertothepolicestation?W:No.Hehelpedhersendtheirpositiontotheoldwoman’ssonthroughsocialmedia.Andhewaitedwithheruntilshewaspickedup.3．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inthediningroom. B．Inthelivingroom. C．Inthegarden.【答案】A【原文】W:John,askyourfathertocometohavedinnernow.M:Alright.Butwhereishe?Isheinthelivingroom?W:No,hemustbewateringthevegetablesinthegarden.4．Whydothespeakerschoosethesubway?A．Theweatheristoohot. B．Thetimeisverytight. C．Theircarisbeingrepaired.【答案】A【原文】W:Youknowwhat?AnexhibitionofPicasso’spaintingsisbeingheldintheArtGallery.Doyouwanttogowithme?M:HowcanImissit?Butitisburninghot.Wewillmeltifwecyclethere.W:Sowehavenochoicebuttotakethesubway.Ifonlywehadacar!5．Howdidthemanfeelafterwatchingthevideo?A．Excited. B．Moved. C．Surprised.【答案】B【原文】M:Theshortvideohasmorethan2millionviewsnow.Haveyouwatchedit?W:Youmeantheoneyousharedyesterday?Yes.Iwaseventouchedtotears.M:Totellyouthetruth,sowasI.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答6、7小题。6．Whydoesthemanchoosetobiketowork?A．Heworksinaparknearhishome.B．Hehasnotraintotakenearhishome.C．Hewantstodohispartfortheenvironment.7．Howlongdoesittakethewomantogotowork?A．Onehour. B．Twohours. C．Threehours.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】W:Hey,Jim.Ididn’tknowyoubikedtowork.M:Yeah,ithelpskeepmefitandhelpstheenvironment,too.W:Onelesscarontheroadmeanslesspollution.M:Right,sincemyworkisnearapark,it’sareallyniceride,too.W:Howfarisit?M:Oh,about10miles.Ittakesmeaboutanhour.W:Thatdoesn’tsoundtoobad.IwishIcoulddoit,butIworkinthecity.SoItakeatwo-hourtrainridetogotoworkeveryday.M:You’redoingyourpartfortheenvironmentbyusingpublictransportation,too.W:True.Well,seeyoutomorrow.M:Seeyou.听第7段材料，回答8、9小题。8．Whoistheman?A．Thewoman’sschoolfriend.B．Thewoman’scolleague.C．Thewoman’sneighbor.9．Howwillthewomangohome?A．Bytaxi. B．Bybus. C．Bycar.【答案】8．A9．C【原文】M:Jessica,Ithinkyou'rekindofdrunk.W:Don'tworryaboutme.Maybebecausetoday'spartywassomuchfun.M:Ofcoursewehaven'tseeneachotherfortenyearsafterthegraduationceremony.Well,howwillyougohome?W:Iwillgetataxibecauseit'squitelate.I'mafraidthattherewon'tbeanybuses.M:Iwilldriveyouhome.Yourhouseisonthesameroadasmine.It'ssoconvenient.W:Ioweyouone.听第8段材料，回答10、11、12小题。10．Whydoesthegirlordertheflowers?A．Shelikesflowers.B．Mother’sDayiscoming.C．Shewantstomakeasurprise.11．Whatkindofflowersdoesthegirlfinallyorder?A．Lilies. B．Roses. C．Sunflowers.12．Whenwilltheflowersbedelivered?A．OnMay5th. B．OnMay7th. C．OnMay9th.【答案】10．C11．A12．C【原文】M:Welcometotheflowerstore.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Iwanttoordersomeflowershere.M:Well,youareattherightplace.Whatkindofflowersdoyoulike?W:Doyouhaveanyroses?M:Oh,whatapity.Rosesaresopopularthesedaysthattheyaresoldouttoday.Areyougoingtogivethemtosomeonespecial?W:Yeah,mymother’sbirthdayisonMay9th.Iwanttogiveherasurprise.M:Wow,youaresosweet.Maybeyoucanchangeittolilies.I’msureyourmotherwilllikethem.W:Oh,that’sfine.Bytheway,canIwritesomethingdownonacardandputitintheflowers?M:Noproblem.Iwillchooseapinkcardforyou,whichmatchestheflowersbetter.W:Well,itshouldlookelegant.Oh,thisismyhomeaddress...M:Finally,let’smakeanappointment.TodayisMay5th,andtheflowerswillarriveatyourhouseontimeinfourdays.听第9段材料，回答以下小题。13．HowdoesthewomanfeelinKidsNClay?A．Fairlytired. B．Abitdisappointed. C．Quitepleased.14．WhatqualitycankidsdevelopbyworkingwithclayaccordingtoKevin?A．Beingorganized. B．Beingconcentrated. C．Beingpatient.15．WhichofthefollowingisofconsiderableimportancetoKevin’scareerpath?A．Specializedtraining. B．Practicalexperience. C．Degreesandcertificates.16．WhatisthesecretofKevin’steaching?A．Showingkidseverystepclearly.B．Offeringkidsincredibleideas.C．Encouragingkidstoreleasetheircreativity.【答案】13．C14．B15．B16．C【原文】W:Kevin,youareoneofthemostgiftedchildren’sartteachersinthebayarea.Studentsstayinyourprogramforyears.Itisveryexcitingtowalkintokidsinclayandobserveit.What’sthesecretofyoursuccess?M:Ijustworkwithclayasamedium.Ithinkclayisanunderestimatedartmedium.Clayinspiresthecreativitywithfewboundaries.Youcanseeitwhenthekidsgetlostinapiece.Whentheyareworkingtheygetsoabsorbedthattheycan’tevenhearyou.W:That’samazing.Whatmadeyoustartteaching?M:Ihadbeenworkingwithclayforaroundtenyears.WhenIwenttoaworkshopatidlewild.Acoupleofwomentoldmeaboutanafterschoolprogramme.Ithought,wouldn’titbefuntogivewhatIknowtokidsbutnoonewould?Givemeajob.Idon’thaveadegreeoranycertificate.ThewomensuggestedIbringintheneighborhoodkids.Iwenthomeandopenedmystudiototheneighborhood.That’showmyprogramstarted.Ialwaystellkidstheycancreateanythingtheywant.Whentheycomeupwithanincredibleidea,myassistantandIwillfigureoutawayforthemtorealizeit.W:Yourdevotionandpassionaretrulyremarkable,Kevin.Thankyouforsharingyourinspiringjourneywithus.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Hisfeelingafterreceivinganaward.B．Hisexperienceabouttravelingaround.C．Hispreferencefordifferentmusictypes.18．Whereisthespeakerfrom?A．Ireland. B．Scotland. C．England.19．Whatdidthespeakermostrecentlyannouncetothepublic?A．Asinglesong. B．Athree-songcollection. C．Atwelve-songcollection.20．Whowillspeaknext?A．Ayoungmusician. B．Oneofthespeaker’sfans. C．Thehostoftheceremony.【答案】17．A18．C19．A20．C【原文】Honestly,Ican’tbelievemydreamhascometrue.Asayoungman,IhavealwaysbeenimaginingmovingtoLosAngelesonedayandputtingmywholeheartintomusic.Ofcourse,atthetime,thisseemedlikeaverydistanthope.Thankstomyfans,supportersandwife.I’mheretoday.First,Ireleasedthreetwelvesongrecords,whichslowlygainedattentionaroundmyhometowninnorthernEngland,andsomenearbyregionslikeScotlandandIreland.Andnowmylatestproject,whichwasjustasinglesong,caughttheworld’sattention.ForthatI’dsayitonlyhappenedbecauseIrefusedtogiveup.ThroughtheUPSanddownsinmycareer,Ididitallfortheloveofmusic.Sobeingrecognizedforthisawardmeansalottome.Toalltheyoungmusiciansoutthere,youcandoittoo.Plus,toallthefansandanyoneenjoyingmymusic,I’vedonethisforyou.Thisawardisforallofus.Maymanymoregreatthingscomeinthefuture.PutyourhandstogetherforourhostBobAckermanwiththenextaward.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（原创试题）题源：Formoreinformationandupdates,visitArts+PublicLifeonFacebookChicagoArtCenter'sUpcomingProgramsLocation:

GreenLinePerformingArtsCenter

329EGarfieldBlvd.

Chicago,IL60637UpcomingEvents:1.FirstMondayJazzSeries:Crosswind

Date:Monday,February4th

Time:7—9p.m.EnjoyaneveningofsoulfuljazzbylocalChicagoartists.TheFirstMondayJazzSeriespresents"Crosswind"-amonthlyshowcaseoftalentthatwillhaveyoutappingyourfeetandswayingtotherhythm.Don'tmissoutonthisvibrantcelebrationofmusic!2.GreenLightSeries:SouthSideStoryTime

Date:Sunday,February17th

Time:10—11a.m.Bringyourlittleonesforamorningofenchantingstoriesandinteractivefun!SouthSideStoryTimeinvitesfamiliestogatherforcaptivatingreadingsandengagingactivities.It'stheperfectopportunityforkidstoexplorethemagicofstorytellingwhileparentsconnectwitheachother.3.SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:StoriesinCelebrationofWomen’sPowerandGrace

Date:Wednesday,February20th

Time:7—8:30p.m.Joinusforaninspiringeveninghonoringthestrengthandresilienceofwomen."SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:Stories"featuresthedynamicperformance"IntheSpirit"byEmilyHooperLansana.Immerseyourselfintalesofcourageandempowerment,celebratingthediversecontributionsofwomenthroughouthistory.4.FamilySaturdays:ArtTogether

Date:Every1stSaturdayoftheMonth

Time:3—5p.m.Exploreyourchild’sartisticcuriosityandyourfamily'screativityatourhands-onartworkshops!FamilySaturdaysofferavarietyofengagingactivities,frommusictoartsandcrafts,designedtosparkimaginationandfosterconnection.Whetheryou'reabuddingartistorjustlookingtohavefun,there'ssomethingforeveryonetoenjoy!RegistrationisencouragedforFamilySaturdays.FollowArts+PublicLifeonFacebookformoreeventdetailsandafulllistofupcomingperformances.Whatisthepurposeofthe"FirstMondayJazzSeries:Crosswind"event?A)Toshowcaseinternationaljazzartists.B)Tointroducenewjazzcompositions.C)TofeaturelocalChicagojazzartists.D)Tocelebratetraditionaljazzmusic.2.Whoistheintendedaudienceforthe"SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:Stories"event?A)Youngchildrenandtheirparents.B)Teenagersinterestedinhistory.C)Jazzenthusiasts.D)Womeninterestedinempowerment.3.Whatcanattendeesexpectfromthe"FamilySaturdays:ArtTogether"event?A)Alectureonarthistory.B)Demonstrationsbyprofessionalartists.C)Hands-onartworkshopsforfamilies.D)Aguidedtouroftheartcenter.【答案】21．C22．D23．C【详解】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了芝加哥GreenLine表演艺术中心即将举办的一系列活动。这些活动包括爵士音乐演出、南区故事时间、女性力量与魅力的故事演讲和家庭艺术活动等，旨在为社区居民提供丰富多彩的文化娱乐体验。21.细节题。文章提到“FirstMondayJazz”是一个每月一次的活动，“EnjoyaneveningofsoulfuljazzbylocalChicagoartists”“amonthlyshowcaseoftalentthatwillhaveyoutappingyourfeetandswayingtotherhythm.”,旨在展示当地芝加哥的爵士音乐艺术家。选项C描述了该活动的目的。22.推理题。文章描述了“SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:Stories”“Immerseyourselfintalesofcourageandempowerment,celebratingthediversecontributionsofwomenthroughouthistory”活动是为了庆祝女性力量和魅力，因此预计受众是对赋权感兴趣的女性。正确答案，选项D。23..细节题。文章提到“FamilySaturdays:ArtTogether”是一个每月一次的活动，提供亲子艺术工作坊，适合所有年龄段的家庭参加。正确答案，选项C。BInaheartwarmingtalefromGeorgia,a72-year-oldseniorrecentlycelebratedhiscollegegraduationincinemastudies,anachievementmadeevenmorespecialbythepresenceofhisproud99-year-oldmother.SamKaplanofLawrencevilledecidedtostartonhiseducationaljourneyatGeorgiaGwinnettCollegein2019,halfacenturyafterhehadfirstlychosennottogethighereducationfollowinghishighschoolgraduationin1969.Thecatalystforhisreturntoacademiacamewhenheheardaradioannouncementaboutadegreeprogrammeincinemastudies.Recallingthatmoment,Kaplansaid,“IwasdrivingdownthehighwaywhenIheardaboutthedegreeprogramme.ThenextexitledtoCollinsville,soIimmediatelyexited,andwithinfiveminutes,Iwasenrollinginclasses.I’vealwayshadapassionforwritingandstorytelling.Ilongedtotransformmynarrativesintoscreenplays,butIrealizedIneededthebasicknowledgetodoso,”Kaplanadmittedthatthejourneywasamixofanxietyandexcitement,butitprovedtobegreatlyrewarding.Hegraduatedwitha3.975gradepointaverageandperfectgradehonours,majoringincinemaandmediaarts,andhaddesirestocontinuecreatingscreenplaysinthefuture.“Itwasanexcitingandnerve-wracking(神经紧张的)challenge.Re-recognizingmyselfwiththeartofstudyingandcommunicatingwithfellowstudentswasalotoffun,”hetoldFOX5Atlanta.ThemostheartwarmingthingofKaplan’sgraduationdaywasthepresenceofhismother,99-year-oldVirginiaKaplan,duringtheceremony.Virginiaexpressedherhugepride,saying,“Iamsoproudofhim.Hefacednumerouschallengesbutinsisted,andIamdelighted,pleased,andextremelyproud,”themotheralsoadded.“Withhisnewdegree,he’sgoingtostandoutinwhateverhedoes.Whoknows,Imightevenmakeanappearanceinthemovies.”24．What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toprovidesomebackground. B．Totellthemainidea.C．Toserveasacomment. D．Toofferanexample.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catalyst”meaninParagraph2?A．Reason. B．Vehicle. C．Task. D．Fact.26．Whatdoweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Themotherdesirestostarinafilm.B．Kaplantakesmuchprideinhimself.C．Kaplanisexcellentatwhateverhedoes.D．Themotherofferstheunshakeablesupport.27．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B．It’snevertoolatetofollowadream.C．Thegoodseamanisknowninbadweather.D．Allthingsintheirbeingaregoodforsomething.【答案】24．B25．A26．D27．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位72岁的高龄老人出席了他在电影研究专业的大学毕业典礼，而他99岁母亲在场见证他的成就，为他感到自豪。这证明追求梦想永远不会太迟。24．推理判断题。根据第一段“InaheartwarmingtalefromGeorgia,a72-year-oldseniorrecentlycelebratedhiscollegegraduationincinemastudies,anachievementmadeevenmorespecialbythepresenceofhisproud99-year-oldmother.(乔治亚州发生了一个感人的故事，一名72岁的大四学生最近庆祝了他电影专业的大学毕业，而他99岁的母亲也在场，这一成就显得更加特别)”以及全文讲述可知，全文就是主要讲述了这位老人重返校园的具体情况，所以第一段概括介绍了全文的大意。故选B项。25．词句猜测题。该划线词在句中作主语，根据画线词后“...whenheheardaradioannouncementaboutadegreeprogrammeincinemastudies(当他在广播中听到一则关于电影研究学位课程的公告)”和第三段的“IwasdrivingdownthehighwaywhenIheardaboutthedegreeprogramme.ThenextexitledtoCollinsville,soIimmediatelyexited,andwithinfiveminutes,Iwasenrollinginclasses.(当我听说这个学位项目时，我正在高速公路上开车。下一个出口通向柯林斯维尔，所以我立刻走了出去，不到五分钟，我就开始上课了)”可知，此处他在广播中听到一则关于电影研究学位课程的公告是他重返学术界的诱因。所以A项“reason”符合原意。故选A项。26．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Virginiaexpressedherhugepride,saying,‘Iamsoproudofhim.Hefacednumerouschallengesbutinsisted,andIamdelighted,pleased,andextremelyproud,’themotheralsoadded.‘Withhisnewdegree,he’sgoingtostandoutinwhateverhedoes.Whoknows,Imightevenmakeanappearanceinthemovies.’(维吉尼亚表达了她巨大的骄傲：‘我为他感到骄傲。他面临过无数的挑战，但他坚持了下来，我很高兴，很满意，也非常自豪。’这位母亲又补充说道，‘有了新学位，他无论做什么都会脱颖而出。谁知道呢，说不定我还会出演电影呢’)”可知，这位99岁的母亲对儿子做的事情非常地支持，给予了坚定的支持。故选D项。27．推理判断题。根据第一段“InaheartwarmingtalefromGeorgia,a72-year-oldseniorrecentlycelebratedhiscollegegraduationincinemastudies,anachievementmadeevenmorespecialbythepresenceofhisproud99-year-oldmother.(乔治亚州发生了一个感人的故事，一名72岁的大四学生最近庆祝了他电影专业的大学毕业，而他99岁的母亲也在场，这一成就显得更加特别)”所介绍的文章大意以及全文讲述可知，一位72岁的高龄老人重返校园在电影研究专业大学毕业，有可能会实现自己拍摄电影的梦想，而他99岁骄傲的母亲在场，使这一成就变得更加特别。我们可以从中感悟到追求梦想永远不会太迟，年龄不是问题。故选B项。CThemultitalented,RenaissancegeniusLeonardodavinciover500yearsagowrotedownhis“ruleoftrees”,whichdescribedthewayhethoughtthattreesbranch.Thoughitwasabrilliantinsightthathelpedhimtodrawrealisticlandscapes,Leonardo’srulebreaksdownformanytypesoftrees.Now,anewbranchingrule—nicknamed“Leonardo-like”—worksforvirtuallyanyleafytree.“TheolderLeonardoruledescribesthethicknessofthebranches,whilethelengthofthebranchwasnottakenintoaccount,”saysphysicistSergeyGrigoriev.“Therefore,thedescriptionusingtheolderruleisnotcomplete.”Leonardo’srulesaysthatthethicknessofalimbbeforeitbranchesintosmalleronesisthesameasthecombinedthicknessofthelimbssproutingfromit.However,accordingtoGrigorievandhiscolleagues,it’sthesurfaceareathatstaysthesame.Usingsurfaceareaasaguide,thenewruleincorporateslimbwidthsandlengths,andpredictsthatlongbranchesendupbeingthinnerthanshortones.UnlikeLeonardo’sguess,theupdatedruleworkswellwhentheteamchecksslimbirches(桦树)aswellasstrongoaks.Totesttheirrule,theresearchteamtookphotographsoftreesfromavarietyofspeciesandanalyzedthebranchestoconfirmthatthereal-worldpatternsmatchedthepredictions.Thephotosoffer“adirectmeasurementofthecharacteristicsofatreewithouttouchingit,whichcanbeimportantwhendealingwithalivingobject,”Grigorievsays.Thoughtheteamhasn’tstudiedevergreensyet,theruleholdsforallofthedeciduoustreesthattheresearchershavelookedat.Whileit’spossibletoconfirmtherulebymeasuringbranchesbyhand,itwouldrequireclimbingintotreesandcheckingallthelimbs—ariskyexercisefortreesandscientistsalike.“Note,”theresearcherswrite,“thatnotasingletreewasharmedduringtheseexperiments.”28．WhatdoestheLeonardo’sruleoftreesfocuson?A．Howtreebranchesmaygrow. B．Whatenvironmenttreesneed.C．Howtreescanbedrawnbetter. D．Whatlandscapestreescanform.29．Whyarebirchesandoaksmentionedinparagraph3?A．Tostatethecorrectnessofthenewrule. B．TopresentLeonardo’sinfluentialworks.C．Tocomparethefeaturesofdifferenttrees. D．ToshowthepopularityofLeonardo’srule.30．Howdidtheresearchersprovethenewrule?A．Byapplyingittovarioustrees. B．Byconductingon-siteinspection.C．Byanalyzingpicturesofbranches. D．Bymeasuringrealbranchesdirectly.31．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Furtherexperimentsarerequired. B．Theprotectionoftreesisstressed.C．Riskyaccidentshappenedinthestudy. D．Treesweredamagedintheexperiments.【答案】28．C29．A30．C31．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种“达芬奇式”的树木分支枝规则，指出旧规则的缺点以及新规则的正确性。28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Themultitalented,RenaissancegeniusLeonardodavinciover500yearsagowrotedownhis“ruleoftrees”,whichdescribedthewayhethoughtthattreesbranch.Thoughitwasabrilliantinsightthathelpedhimtodrawrealisticlandscapes,Leonardo’srulebreaksdownformanytypesoftrees.(500多年前，多才多艺的文艺复兴天才列奥纳多·达·芬奇写下了他的“树木法则”，描述了他认为树木的分支方式。虽然这是一个聪明的洞察力，帮助他画出了逼真的风景，但列奥纳多的规则在许多类型的树木中都不适用)”可知，列奥纳多的树木法则关注的是如何更好地画树。故选C。29．推理判断题。根据第三段“However,accordingtoGrigorievandhiscolleagues,it’sthesurfaceareathatstaysthesame.Usingsurfaceareaasaguide,thenewruleincorporateslimbwidthsandlengths,andpredictsthatlongbranchesendupbeingthinnerthanshortones.UnlikeLeonardo’sguess,theupdatedruleworkswellwhentheteamchecksslimbirches(桦树)aswellasstrongoaks.(然而，根据格里戈里耶夫和他的同事的说法，是表面积保持不变。以表面面积为指导，新规则结合了树枝的宽度和长度，并预测长树枝最终会比短树枝更细。与莱昂纳多的猜测不同，更新后的规则在研究小组检查细桦树和强壮的橡树时都很有效)”可知，第三段提到了桦树和橡树是为了说明新规则的正确性。故选A。30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Totesttheirrule,theresearchteamtookphotographsoftreesfromavarietyofspeciesandanalyzedthebranchestoconfirmthatthereal-worldpatternsmatchedthepredictions.(为了测试他们的规律，研究小组拍摄了各种树木的照片，并分析了树枝，以确认现实世界的模式与预测相符)”可知，研究人员通过分析树枝的图片证明这一新规则。故选C。31．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Note,”theresearcherswrite,“thatnotasingletreewasharmedduringtheseexperiments.”(“请注意，”研究人员写道，“在这些实验中没有一棵树受到伤害。”)”可推知，强调对树木的保护。故选B。DHighintheSwissAlpsandtheArctic,scientistshavediscoveredmicrobes(微生物)thatcandigestplastics—importantly,withouttheneedtoapplyextraheat.Theirfindings,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinMicrobiology,couldonedayimproveplasticrecycling.It’snosecretthatplasticpollutionisstillabig,globalissue.SinceitsproductionexplodedduringandafterWorldWarII,humanshavecreatedmorethan9.1billiontonsofplastic—andresearchersestimatethatlessthanonetenthoftheresultingwastehasbeenrecycled.Tomakemattersworse,themostcommonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplastic-digestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,co-authorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyester-polyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.Unfortunately,theplasticsthatthemicrobespartiallydegradedrepresenta“reallysmallamountofplasticsincirculation,”saidGavinLear,anenvironmentalmicrobiologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Learacknowledgedthatusingnaturalmicrobescanprovideaheadstartwhenitcomestodesigningastrategyforbio-recycling.Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnon-biodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.32．Whatdoweknowabouttheconventionalrecycling?A．Itdoesnotliveuptoexpectations. B．Itcontributestomorewaste.C．Itisnotaspopularasbefore. D．Itensuresnewproductquality.33．Whichbestdescribesthemethodofusingthemicrobesinthepreviousstudies?A．Impractical. B．Pioneering C．Reliable. D．Invaluable.34．Whyisthenewstudymentionedinparagraph4?A．Toprovethemicrobeshaveanobvioustastepreference.B．Toshowthefindingopensdoorstoamoreefficientsystem.C．Toclarifyhowtheprocessofbreakingdownplasticsworks.D．Toexplainwhybio-recyclingisbetterthanconventionalrecycling.35．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“headstart”inparagraph5mean?A．Reward. B．Criterion. C．Protection. D．Advantage.【答案】32．A33．A34．B35．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。在瑞士阿尔卑斯山和北极的高处，科学家们发现了可以消化塑料的微生物——重要的是，不需要额外的加热。他们的研究结果发表在《微生物学前沿》杂志上，有朝一日可能会改善塑料回收。32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tomakemattersworse,themostcommonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.(更糟糕的是，最常见的回收选择——将塑料清洗、加工并变成新产品——实际上并没有减少浪费：回收的材料通常质量较低，最终可能还是会被扔进垃圾填埋场)”可知，传统的回收没有达到人们的期望。故选A。33．推理判断题。根据第三段“So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplastic-digestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.(因此，研究人员正在寻找超越传统回收的塑料问题的解决方案，他们已经试验了一种方法，即用微生物分解塑料。但已知的塑料消化微生物只能在85华氏度以上的温暖温度下进行。当在工业规模上进行时，产生这么多热量所需的能量会使该过程释放更多的碳，并花费更多的钱)”可推知，之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的。故选A。34．推理判断题。根据第四段“ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,co-authorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyester-polyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.(但在北极和瑞士阿尔卑斯山发现的微生物可以在更低的温度下工作：它们能够在59华氏度的温度下分解可生物降解的塑料。在这项新研究中，合著者JoelRüthi和他的同事们发现，在总共34种被检测的微生物中，19种能够成功地分解一种叫做聚酯聚氨酯的塑料，17种可以分解两种可生物降解的塑料混合物)”可知，新发现检测到微生物可以分解更多的塑料，结合第三段提到之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的，可推知，第4段提到了这项新研究是为了表明这一发现为更有效的系统打开了大门。故选B。35．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnon-biodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.(如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，“我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，这是件好事，”他总结道)”可知，GavinLear提到如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，由此说明使用天然微生物具有良好的优势。故划线词意思是“优势”。故选D。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatpreventscertainindividualsfromacknowledgingtheirmistakes,regardlessofthesituation?Whydotheystruggletoapologize,evenwhenit’sclearthey’reatfault?Forthem,theactofadmittingwrongdoingandapologizingposesasignificantpsychologicalthreat.36.Peoplewhocannotapologizeoftenhavedeepfeelingsof.lowself-worth.Whentheirdelicateego(自我)cannotabsorbtheblowofadmittingtheywerewrong,37theymayplaceblameonothersandevenargueaboutbasicfactstopreventthethreatofhavingtolowerthemselvesbyofferinganapology.Unfortunately,manyofusmistakenlyinterpretthesepeople'sdefensivenessasasignofpsychologicalstrength.38.Butthisdoesn'tshowthatthey'restrong-itshowsthatthey’reweak.39.Inordertotakeresponsibilityandapologize,ourself-worthneedstobestrongenoughtoabsorbthatdiscomfort.Indeed,ifourself-worthis.higherandmorestable,wecantoleratethetemporarydiscomfortwithoutthewallsaroundouregofallingdown.Themistakeweoftenmakewhenfacedwithsomeonewho’shabituallyincapableofapologizingistobecomeangryandtrytowinourargumentwiththem.40.Inthesesituations,thebestwecandoismakeourpointsascalmlyandconvincinglyaswecanandthendisengagefromtheargumentwhenitbecomesunproductive-likewhentheydisagreewiththefacts,comeupwithsillyexcusesorturntomeanremarks.A．theirdefensemechanismskickinB．ButthesadrealityisthatwecanneverwinC．TherecanbevariousobstaclesinourwayofdoingwhatisrightD．takingresponsibilityfortheirmistakescana