高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists高考拆组训练 新人教版必修5-新人教版高三必修5英语试题

Unit1Greatscientists阅读理解组块专练——练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ACrazyFestivalsMiketheHeadlessChickenFestivalIn1945,farmerLloydOlsenattemptedtocutofftheheadofMike,achicken,sohiswifecouldcookitupfordinner.However,thebirddidn'tdieandlivedanotheryearandahalf,makingregulartripstothefair,wherepeoplepaidaquartertoseetheamazingheadlessbird.Today,thespiritofMiketheHeadlessChickeniscelebratedwithatwo­dayMayfestivalinFruita,Colorado,whichincludeslivemusic,agolftournament,andlotsofdeliciouschicken.RoswellUFOFestivalInthesummerof1947,aflyingsaucer(碟状物)crashedonalargefarmoutsidethetownofRoswell,NewMexico.Thegovernmentsaysitdidn'tcomefromouterspace,butmanytopUFOresearchersbelieveitdid.Knowingagoodthingwhenitcrashesintheirbackyard,thecitizensofRoswellcelebratetheeventeveryJulywithathree­dayfestivalthatfeaturesacostumecontest,aparadeandotheractivities.Becareful,though—that_odd_little_person_next_to_you_could_be_from_another_planet.World'sLargestRattlesnakeRoundupTherattlesnake,apoisonousAmericansnake,servesanimportantfunctioninnaturebykeepingsmallpestsundercontrol,butwhentheirnumbersgrowtoolarge,theycancauseseriousproblemsforfarmers.That'swhyeveryMarchtheresidentsofSweetwater,Visitorscanlearnaboutrattlesnakes,takeabustouroftheirnaturalhabitat,participateinarattlesnakeeatingcontestandsoon.BugFestEverySeptember,theNorthCarolinaMuseumofNaturalSciencesinRaleighsponsorsadaylongfestivalthatfocusesonsomethingmostpeopletrytoavoid:insects.Visitorscanholdbugsthatarenotnative,cheeronracinginsectsandlearnaboutbeekeeping.ButthehighlightformanyisCaféInsecta,wherebugsarethemainingredientinavarietyoftastydishes.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个古怪的节日。1．LloydOlsencutoffthechicken'sheadbecause________.A．hisfamilywantedtoeatitB．hewantedtosellitsmeatatthefairC．hisfamilywantedtocelebrateaheadlesschickenfestivalD．hewantedtomakemoneybyshowingaheadlesschicken解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一个节日介绍中的“farmerLloydOlsenattemptedtocutofftheheadofMike,achicken,sohiswifecouldcookitupfordinner”可知答案。2．Bywritingtheunderlinedpart,theauthorwantsto________.A．remindreadersthataliensdoexistB．addanairofmysterytothefestivalC．implythathemayattendthefestivalD．describethefunofthecostumecontest解析：选B句意理解题。根据文章对第二个节日的介绍可知，作者以客观的口吻介绍了这个外星人节日的来源及节日内容等，并未对外星人是否存在表明自己的观点。由此可推测，作者最后说“你旁边那个奇怪的矮人可能来自另一个星球”只是为了给这个节日增加些神秘气氛。3．What'sthepurposeoftheWorld'sLargestRattlesnakeRoundup?A．Toincreasethelocaltourism.B．Toprotectrattlesnakes'habitats.C．Tocontrolthepopulationofrattlesnakes.D．Tointroducetheimportanceofrattlesnakes.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三个节日介绍中的“whentheirnumbersgrowtoolarge,theycancauseseriousproblemsforfarmers.That'swhyeveryMarchtheresidentsofSweetwater,Texas,hostathree­dayfestival...”可知答案。4．Whichofthefollowingistheearliestfestivaloftheyear?A．MiketheHeadlessChickenFestival.B．RoswellUFOFestival.C．World'sLargestRattlesnakeRoundup.D．BugFest.解析：选C细节理解题。根据四个节日的举办时间：五月、七月、三月和九月可知，C选项为一年中最早的节日。BOnceamanneededanewpairofshoes.Thismanwasverygoodatmath.Heknewthatinordertogetshoesthatfitverywell,itwouldbenecessarytomeasurehisfootsizecorrectly.So,beforehewenttothemarket,hecarefullymeasuredhisfeetanddrewaverydetailedpictureofhisfeetonapieceofpaper.Thenbeforeleavingthehouse,likeagoodmathematician,herecheckedhispicture.Itwasaverylongwayfromtheman'shometothemarket.Itwaspastmid­daywhenthemanarrivedatthemarket.Whenthemanreachedtheshoestall,herealizedthathehadforgottentobringhispaper.Heturnedaroundandwalkedallthewaybackhometogetit.Itwasnearlysunsetwhenthemanreturnedtothemarket.Therehefoundthemarketwasclosing.Theshoemakerhadpackedupallofhisshoes.“Foolishman，”theshoemakersaidtothemanwhenhewasaskedtounpackhisgoodstomakeasale.“Whydidyounotjusttryontheshoes？”Themanhunghisheadshamefully,saying,“Iguessedtherewasonlyonewaytosolvemyproblem.Ishouldhavecheckedwithothersforanothersolutionthatmighthaveworkedaswellorbetterthanmyown.”Theaboveshortstoryworkswellwithschoolstudentsandalsoteachers.Don'ttrytosolveaproblemwithasinglepointofview;theremaybemanyotherwaysofsolvingthesameproblem.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一则短篇故事告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。5．Beforethemanwenttothemarket,he________.A．askedothersforsomeadviceB．knewwellabouthisfootsizeC．measuredhisoldshoescarefullyD．drewapairofshoesonapieceofpaper解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So,beforehewenttothemarket,hecarefullymeasuredhisfeetanddrewaverydetailedpictureofhisfeetonapieceofpaper.”可知，在去集市之前，那位男子仔细地测量了自己的脚的尺寸。6．Theshoemakerconsideredthemantobe________.A．stupid B．strangeC．clever D．interesting解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段中鞋匠说的“Foolishman”可知，鞋匠认为那位男子很愚蠢。7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthestory?A．Weshouldlearnmathverywell.B．It'snecessarytoaskforhelpattimes.C．Weshouldthinkcarefullybeforeweact.D．Thereismorethanonewaytosolveaproblem.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Don'ttrytosolveaproblemwithasinglepointofview;theremaybemanyotherwaysofsolvingthesameproblem.”可知，作者讲述这个故事是想告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。CAnnaSchiferlhadn'tevengotoutofbedwhenshereachedforhercellphoneandtypedatexttohermom,onerecentSaturday.Momwasrightdownstairsinthekitchen.Thetext?Annawantedaneggforbreakfast.Soonafter,JoannaSchiferlcalled,“Ifyouwanttotalktome,Anna,comedownstairsandseeme！”Annalaughsaboutitnow.“Iwaskindofbeinglazy，”sheadmits.Thesedays,manypeoplewithcellphonesprefertextingtoaphonecall.Andthat'screatingacommunicationdivide,ofsorts—thetalkersvs.thetexters.Somewouldarguethatit'snobigdeal.Butmanyexpertssaythemostsuccessfulcommunicatorswill,ofcourse,havethecompetencetodoboth.Andtheyfearthatmoreofusareunabletohave—oratleastareavoiding—thetraditionalface­to­faceconversations.Manyprofessors(教授)sayitisnotcommontoseestudentsoutsideofclass.“Isitinmyofficehourslonelynowbecauseifmystudentshaveaquestion,theyemailme,oftenlateatnight，”saysReneeHouston,aprofessorattheUniversityofPugetSoundinWashingtonstate.“Andtheynevercall.”AsAnnaseesit:“Therearepeopleyou'lltext,butwon'tcall.It'sjustawaytostayintouchwitheachother.”Somebelievethatscoresoftextseachdaykeeppeoplemoreconnected.“Theproblemisthattheconversationisn'tverydeep，”saysJosephGrenny,co­authorofthebookCrucialConversations:ToolsforTalkingWhenStakesareHigh.“Theproblemhasbeentheresincewe'vehadtelephones—probablysincethetimeofatelegraph(电报)，”Grennysays.Textingisjustthelatestwaytodothat.Thoughtheymaynotalwaysbesogoodatdeepconversationsthemselves,Grennysuggeststhatparentsmodelthebehaviorfortheirchildrenandputdowntheirowncellphones.Hesaysthattheyalsoshouldsetlimits,asAnna'smomdidwhenshemadethe“notextingtopeopleinthesamehouse”rule.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。专家表明，经常发短信可能会使人们在面对面交流时产生障碍。8．AccordingtoParagraph1,Joanna________.A．wasverystrictwithherdaughterB．didnotknowhowtouseacellphoneC．wasangrythatherdaughtergotuplateD．didnothaveanybreakfastthatmorning解析：选A推理判断题。由该段中的“Ifyouwanttotalktome,Anna,comedownstairsandseeme”可知，Joanna对她的女儿要求十分严格，故选A项。9．Theunderlinedword“competence”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．chance B．abilityC．courage D．patience解析：选B词义猜测题。由该段中的“thetalkersvs.thetexters”等相关信息可知，这里是说：大多数成功的交流者有能力把两者都做好，即：不但善于口头沟通也善于通过短信来交流，故选B项。10．WhatdoweknowaboutRenee'sstudents?A．Theyoftenworklateatnight.B．Theyoftenaskstrangequestions.C．Fewaskherquestionsfacetoface.D．Manyemailherifshefeelslonely.解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段中的“Isitinmyofficehourslonelynowbecauseifmystudentshaveaquestion,theyemailme”可知，Renee的学生很少当面向她请教问题，故选C项。11．InJosephGrenny'sopinion,________.A．cellphonesmakepeoplelonelierB．telephoneshelppeoplecommunicateclearlyC．textinghelpspeoplehavedeeperconversationsD．talkingshouldbeencouragedinsteadoftexting解析：选D细节理解题。由最后两段中的“theconversationisn'tverydeep”和“parents...putdowntheirowncellphones”以及“theyalsoshouldsetlimits”等信息可知，JosephGrenny认为父母应该放下手机给孩子做个榜样，多一些面对面的交流而非发短信，故选D项。DBrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout,andthen“bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics.”RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion­dollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughawormholeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?“Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense，”Greenesaid.“Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel，”headded,“thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖论)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.”Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,“makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath.”WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange.“Thebasicstuffisimportant，”Greenesaid.“ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails.”GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis“notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam.”It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(现象)—andhavingfun!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物理学家BrianGreene希望更多的孩子将会对现代物理学感兴趣。12．Amillion­dollarquestioninParagraph2isprobablyvery________.A．direct B．difficultC．personal D．long解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。13．ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind________.A．areboringtoreadB．aremainlyaboutmathC．arepopularsciencebooksD．areonlypopularamongkids解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段的“...booksby...makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书属于流行的科普读物。14．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A．Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B．Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C．Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D．ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时，Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象，如果孩子们知道了这些，他们就愿意了解更多详细的内容。因此他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。15．Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat________.A．kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB．kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC．kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD．kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Al­AzharUniversityGoingtoauniversityisanimportantpartofaperson'slife.Today,manypeoplegotoauniversitytostudyandtrainforafuturejobinsubjectslikelaw,medicine,oreducation.__1__AnimportantonestartedinEgyptoveronethousandyearsago.Theworld'soldestsurvivinguniversity,Al­Azhar,isinCairo,Egypt.Itwasfirstbuiltasamosque(清真寺)inA．D.972.Afewyearslater,learnersandteachersbeganmeetinginthemosque.Theyreadandtalkedaboutthesubjectsofreligion(宗教)andlaw.__2__Leadersinthecityof__3__FortheseteachersatAl­Azhar,theyneededtothinkaboutwhatcoursestoteachandhowtoteachthem.Theearliestcourseswereinlawandreligion.Inacourse,studentsreadandstudiedwiththeteacher,buttherewasalsofreediscussion.Often,studen