高考英语二轮专题练习（七）概要写作专项-人教版高三英语试题

【二轮专题练】（七）概要写作专项A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Whileittakestime,energyandmoneythatcouldsurelybeputtoamuchmoreproductiveuse,therearemillionsofcollectorsaroundtheworld.Peoplecollectpostcards,chocolatewrappersorwhatevertheylike.Collectingmustbeoneofthemostvariedhumanactivities,andit’sonethatmanypsychologistsfindfascinating.Manyformsofcollectinghavebeendignifiedwithatechnicalname:anarctophilistcollectsteddybears,aphilatelistcollectspostagestampsandadeltiologistcollectspostcards.Therearepeoplewhocollectsomethingbecausetheywanttomakemoney,andthiscouldbecalledaninstrumentalreasonforcollecting,thatis,collectingasameanstoanend.Theywilllookfor,say,antiques(古董)thattheycanbuycheaplyandexpecttobeabletosellataprofit.Buttheremaywellbeapsychologicalfactortoo:buyingcheapandsellingdearcankeepthecollectorasenseofachievement.Andassellingonlineissoeasy,morepeoplearejoiningin.Ifyouthinkaboutcollectingpostagestamps,anotherpotentialreasonforitisitseducationalvalue.Stampcollectingopensawindowtoothercountriesandtotheplants,animalsorfamouspeopleshownonthestamps.Similarly,inthenineteenthcenturymanycollectorsamassed(积累)animalsandplantsfromaroundtheglobeandtheircollectionsprovideavastamountofinformationaboutthenaturalworld.Withoutthosecollections,ourunderstandingwouldbegreatlyinferiortowhatitis.Notallcollectorsareinterestedinlearningfromtheirhobby,though,sowhatwemightcallapsychologicalreasonforcollectingistheneedforasenseofcontrolandasenseoffulfillment,perhapsasawayofdealingwithinsecurity.Stampcollectors,forinstance,arrangetheirstampalbums,usuallyveryneatly,organizingtheircollectionsaccordingtocertaincommonplaceprinciples—perhapsbycountryinalphabeticorderorgroupingstampsbywhattheydescribe—people,birds,mapsandsoon.B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。WorkisaveryimportantpartoflifeintheUnitedStates.Whentheearlyimmigrantscametothiscountry,theybroughttheideathatworkwasthewaytoGodandheaven.ThisattitudestillinfluencesAmericatoday.Workisnotonlyimportantforthesalary,butalsoforsocialandpsychologicalworking,beingproductive.FormostAmericans,theyarewhattheydo.Whathappens,then,whenapersonretiresattheageofsixty-fiveorseventy?It’seasytoimaginethatretirementisnoeasything.Retireesoftenfeeltheyareunproductiveandnolongerneededbyothers.Oncepeopleretire,theymayalsogetintofinancialtrouble.ManypeoplerelyonSocialSecuritycheckseverymonth.Duringtheirworkingyears,employeescontributeacertainpercentageoftheirsalariestothegovernment.Whenpeopleretire,theyreceivethismoneyasincome.Thesechecksdonotprovideenoughmoneytoliveon,however,becausepricesareincreasingveryrapidly.Afterretirement,theyhavetochangetheirlifestyles.Theyhavetospendcarefullytobesurethattheycanaffordtobuyfood,fuel,andothernecessities.Ofcourse,notallseniorcitizensfeelsadwhentheyareinfaceofretirement.Workingforsomanyyears,theyeventuallyhavetimetospendwiththeirfamiliesortoenjoytheirhobbiessuchasreading,travelingorjoiningsomeseniorcitizenclubs.Somecontinuetoworkparttime;otherschoosetodovolunteerworklikehelpingyoungpeopletogetstartedinnewbusiness.Americangovernmentistakingstepstoeasetheproblemsofretiredpeople.Theyarebuildingnewhousing,offeringdiscountsinstoresandmuseumsandonbuses,andprovidingotherservices,suchasfreecourses,foodservice,andhelpwithhousework.Itiswisetodoso.Retiredcitizensareanimportantpartofthepopulationandtheirspecialneedsmustbeconcernedabout.Afterall,everyonewillbeaseniorcitizensomeday.C阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Inrecentweeks,areportonthevalueofhomeworkhasbeenraisingconcern.Inaword,homeworkforelementaryschoolchildrenisnotbeneficial.TexasteacherBrandyYounghasherownview.Insteadoffillinguptheextrafreetimewithsportsorextracurricularactivities,MrsYoungrequestedthatparentstaketimetobewiththeirchildren.“Iaskthatyouspendyoureveningsdoingthingsthatareproventocorrelatewithstudents’success,suchaseatingdinnerasafamily,readingtogether,playingoutsideandgettingyourchildtobedearly,”shesaid.ThefactthatMrsYoung’snotehasdrawnpublicattentionsuggestsjusthowunusualandappreciatedheradviceis.Butwhileheradviceisrare,itcorresponds(符合)withoneofthethreeelementsthatmedicaldoctorLeonardSaxbelievesisaforgottenaspectofparenting,enjoyingyourchildren.Inhisbook,TheCollapseofParenting,Saxnotesthatsomanyparentswhoareoccupiedwithcheckingtheire-mailsandmakingsurethattheirchilddoesn’tmissoutonopportunitiesoftenmissoutonthebiggestopportunityofall:timetogether.Saxwrites:“Enjoythetimeyouhavewithyourkids.Thatmeansnodevicesatmealtime.Whenyouaresittingatthetabletogether,thefocusshouldbeoninteraction.Listentoyourchildandtalkwithyourchild.Thosewhofailtodososendanunintendedmessagethatrelaxedtimetogetherasafamilyisthelowestpriorityofall.”InmodernAmerica,thefamilyunithasfallenintodeeperanddeeperdisorder.Thepubliceducationsystemhassteppedintopickuptheslackbybecomingasubstitute“expertparent”whowillguidechildrentosuccessandafunctionalfuture.Butiftherecentchaosandlowacademicscoresintheschoolscan’tbesolved,suchamethodisn’tworkingthereeither.Ifwewanttoseeimprovedacademicandbehavioralsuccesscomingoutofourschools,arewegoingtoneedmoreteachersandexpertslikeMrsYoungandDrSaxtoencourageandenablefamiliestospendmoretimewithoneanother?D阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Weknowaboutthepowerofexpectations.Herearefivewaystomaximizetheirpowerinyourclassroom.Thereisastrangebutimportantdifferencebetweenaspiration(抱负)andexpectation.Aspirationsareaboutwantingtobebetter,whileexpectationsconveyabeliefaboutthelikelihoodofsuccess.Raisingexpectationshasbeenproventohelppupils,butthesameeffectcan’tbeachievedbyaspirations.TheEducationEndowmentFoundationreviewedonaspirationsandfoundthatinterventionswhichaimtoraiseaspirationshavelittlepositiveimpactoneducationalachievement.Butifexpectationsaresetattherightlevel,tobebothchallengingandrealistic,theycanhelpstudentstoimprovetheirperformanceandacademicachievement.Researchsuggeststhattheeffectofexpectationsismostlypronouncedatthestartoftheschoolyearoratthebeginningofnewtasksandtopics.Thisisbecausestudentstendtostartprojectswithanopenmindabouthowtheyshoulddo—andtheyarelookingforguidanceonhowtoachievesuccess.Makesuretheyhearapositivevoice—fullofbeliefandconfidencethattheycansucceed—beforetheirself-doubtstartstocomein.Psychologistshavecalculatedthatwhenhighexpectationsareonlycomingfromteachers,theywillonlyhelpaminorityofstudents.Parentsalsoplayahugeroleinshapingyoungpeople’sopinionsonseeingthemselves.Arecentreviewonhowparentscanhelptheirchildrensucceedatschoolfoundthathighexpectationshadthegreatestimpact.Valuingeducationandexpectingchildrentosucceedconveytheimportanceandlikelihoodofsuccessinschool.Awordofcautionisneededwhenitcomestoexpectations.Moreisnotalwaysbetter.Evidencesuggeststhatwhenexpectationsareunrealistic—thatis,iftheyfarexceed(超越)achild’sability—thiscanleadtoadownturninacademicperformance.Furthermore,theseexcessiveexpectationscanbeasourceofstressandanxietyforstudents.Whenitcomestoexpectations,itseemsthatchallengingbutrealisticshouldbetheguidingprinciple.E阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。ThebrownwidowspiderbecameestablishedinSouthernCaliforniainearly2000andhasbecomepartofthelocalspiderfamilyinurbanLosAngelesandSanDiego.ThebrownwidowspideriscontinuingitsexpansioninSouthernCaliforniaandcouldpossiblymovenorthwardintoCentralCalifornia.ThebrownwidowissuspectedtohaveevolvedinAfricaalthoughitwasfirstdescribedfromSouthAmerica,whichaddsconfusionastowhereitmighthaveoriginated.ItisatropicalandsubtropicalspiderhavingestablishedpopulationsinHawaii,Florida,partsofAustralia,SouthAfricaandJapan.Thebrownwidowbuildsitswebinprotectedsitesaroundhomesandinwoodyvegetationwithbranches.Sometypicalsitesselectedbybrownwidowsforwebbuildingareemptycontainerssuchasbucketsandnurserypots,entrywaycorners,storageclosetsandgarages.Theychooseplacesthataremoreexposedthansiteschosenbyblackwidowsandtherefore,appeartobeathigherriskforinteractionswithhumansasfarasbitesareconcerned.Onerecentstudydemonstratesthatthebrownwidowspiderislesspoisonousthanotherwidowspecies.Thereasonfortheweakereffectofbrownwidowbitesonhumansispossiblybecausethebrownwidowdoesnothavemuchpoisonasitslargerrelatives,butitisreallyathreattohumansastoitspoison.Thetwomajorsymptomsofabrownwidowbitewerethatthebitehurtwhenitwasgivenanditleftaredmark.Thereisnospecificinformationregardingthecontrolofbrownwidowsbyfarmchemicals.Mostcurrentadviceiswhatisusedforcontrollingspidersingeneral.Therefore,mostcommerciallyavailablefarmchemicalsshouldworkonbrownwidows.Avoidingamessofthehouseandthegarageshouldreducenestsitesforthem.Also,oneshouldstoregarageitemsinplasticbagswheretheremightbeinteractionswithspiders.F阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Cyclingisn’talwayseasy.Busystreets,honkinghorns,andinadequatebikelanescanmakeitanuphillbattle.ButnoteventhesedifficultiescanstopEuropeans’passionforcycling.AccordingtoBBC,bicyclesoutsoldcarsin26oftheEuropeanUnion’s28stateslastyear.Therearetraditional“bicyclecapitals”,suchasAmsterdamintheNetherlandsandCopenhageninDenmark.Butinmanyothertraditionallycar-madecountries,theshifttobikesisstriking.Italians,forinstance,bought1.6millionbikesagainst1.4millioncarsin2012.Sowhathasledtocycling’sgrowingpopularityinEurope?Theeconomiccrisishasplayedanimportantroleintheissue.“Theeconomiccrisishashadaneffectonallareasofpeople’slives,includingontransport,”GiuliettaPagliaccio,headoftheItaliancyclingfederationFIAB,toldtheAustralianAssociatedPress.SincetheEuropeandebtcrisisbrokeoutin2009,morepeoplehavelosttheirjobswhilethecostofliving,includingfuelcosts,continuedtorise.Itforcedmanypeopletogiveupdrivingtosavemoney,theGuangzhou-basedNewExpresscommented.TakeGreece,acountryseriouslyhitbythecrisis,forexample.Itsold320,000bikeslastyearagainst58,000cars.Moreimportantly,peoplehavechangedtheirviewstowardcarsandbikes.Carsarelosingtheirappealasstatussymbols.Yet,cyclingisnowseenas“asafe,clean,healthy,inexpensivewaytogetaroundtown”,theDailyStarconcluded.“Itnotonlyreducestrafficjamandpollution,butalsocontributestopublichealth.”However,withmoreandmorepeopleturningtocycling,questionsremainabouttrafficandsafetyproblems.Toeasepeople’sworries,dozensofcitieshavejoinedaEuropeanUnioninitiativetomakebicyclesequaltocarsasaformofurbantransport.Quiteafewcitiesnowofferwell-markedbikelanes,suchasthecyclingsuper-highwaymarkedinblueinLondon.Itrunsalloverthecity,fromthecentertothesuburbs.G阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Afather’srelationshiptohischild’scurrentandfutureacademicsuccessandthelevelofhisorherdevelopmentinacademicpotentialandscholasticachievementarebothfactorswithsomeratherinterestingimplicationsthateducatorsarebeginningtostudy.Asamatteroffact,“lifewithfather”hasbeendiscoveredtobeaveryimportantfactorindeterminingachild’sprogressorlackofprogressinschool.Arecentsurveyofover16,000childrenmadebytheNationalChildDevelopmentStudyinLondonrevealedthatchildrenwhosefatherscametoschoolconferencesandaccompaniedtheirchildrenonoutingsdidbetterinschoolthanthosechildrenwhosefatherswerenotinvolvedinthoseactivities.Thestudy,whichmonitoredchildrenbornduringaweekinMarch,1992,fromthetimeoftheirbirththroughtheyearsoftheirearlyschooling,furtherrevealedthatthechildrenofactivelyinvolvedfathersscoredmuchhigherinreadingandmaththanthosechildrenwhoseonlyinvolvedparentwasthemother.Thepurposeofthestudywastoevaluatetheroleplayedbyfathersintheraisingofachild.Itindicatedamuchhigherlevelofparentalinvolvementbythefatherthanhadbeenanticipated.Over66%ofthefathersweresaidtohaveplayedamajorroleinparentalresponsibility.Thestudyalsosuggestedthatthegreatestlevelofparentingtookplaceinthefamiliesofonlychild.Asthenumberofchildrenandfinancialexpensesincreases,thefather’sapparentinterestandinvolvementwiththechildrendecreased.However,nomatterwhatthesizeorfinancialconditionofthefamily,afather’sactiveparticipationinthechild’sdevelopmentmadeadefinitedifferenceinthechild’sprogress.Thestudyfurtherrevealedthatwhilethefrequencyofovernightabsencesreflectedacorrespondingdeficiencyofthechild’slevelinmathandreading,afather’semploymentonnightshiftsappearedtohavelittleeffectonthechild’sacademicprogress.Theinformationevaluatingthelevelofthefather’sparentingperformancewastakenprimarilyfromtheadmittedlysubjectiveobservationsoftheirwives.参考答案A【参考范文】Collectingwinstheheartsofmanypeopledespitethetime,effortandmoneytheyhavetoinvest.Tomakeafortuneisoneofthereasonsaccountingforthehabitofcollecting,whereasenseofaccomplishmentisalsogranted.Itsacademicmeritsarealsoobviousbecausepeoplemayhaveabettercomprehensionoftheworldwiththeinformationtheircollectionsprovide.Actually,peoplesometimesjustenjoythefeelingofdominationandcollectingservesasahobbytoresistinsecurity.B【参考范文】WorkplaysanextremelyimportantroleinAmericanculture,sopeoplefindretirementdifficultastheymayfeeluselesswithoutjobs.RetirementcanalsobringfinancialproblemsasSocialSecuritychecksdon’tprovideenoughmoney.However,someseniorcitizensfeelhappyaboutretirementastheyfinallygettimetodowhattheyreallywant.Americangovernmentissolvingretiredcitizens’problemsandconcerningtheirspecialneeds,whichiswiseandnecessary,becauseeveryonewillgetold.C【参考范文】Recently,ateachernamedBrandyYoungappealstoparentstospendmoretimewiththeirchildrenratherthansupervisetheirhomework.MrsYoung’sproposalhascausedreaction.MedicaldoctorLeonardSaxalsothinksparentsnowfailtoenjoytheirchildren’sgrowingup.Americane