2024年高二下册英语之选择性必修一重点单词、单词变形、短语、句型练习（人教版2019）（原卷版）

2024年高二下册英语之选择性必修一重点单词、单词变形、短语、句型练习一、重点单词1.____________adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的2.____________vt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点3.____________vi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求；坚持说4.____________adv.主要地；一般地5.____________vi.&vt.(fled，fled，fleeing)迅速离开；逃跑6.____________n.[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况7.____________n.流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动8.____________n.理论；学说9.____________n.教授10.____________n.短语；词组11.____________vt.转换；交换vi.&vt.(使)改变；转变n.开关；转换器；改变12.____________adj.远程的；偏远的13.____________n.常规；正常顺序adj.常规的；日常的14.____________adj.有关的；有意义的15.____________adj.可获得的；可购得的；(人)有空的16.____________vt.&n.预测；预报17.____________adj.乡村的；农村的18.____________n.段；段落19.____________n.文章20.____________vt.明令禁止；取缔n.禁令21.____________vi.打喷嚏n.喷嚏；喷嚏声22.____________vi.延伸；延续vi.&vt.伸展；舒展24.____________vt.&vi.(swung，swung，swinging)(使)摆动；摇摆；转弯；(使)突然转向25.____________adj.极佳的；卓越的26.____________n.展览；陈列；展览品vt.显示；陈列27.____________adj.合适的；恰当的28.____________n.手势；姿势；姿态29.____________n.面颊；脸颊30.____________vi.鞠躬；点头vt.低(头)n.弓；蝴蝶结31.____________n.发生的事情；严重事件；冲突32.____________vt.&vi.(bent，bent，bending)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向n.弯；拐角33.____________adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚34.____________vi.盯着看；凝视n.凝视35.____________n.胸部；胸膛36.____________adv.只是；仅仅；只不过37.____________adv.最终；最后38.____________vt.克服；解决；战胜39.____________vt.&vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)40.____________vt.估计；估价；估算n.估计；估算41.____________vt.包括；包含；由……组成42.____________n.泥土；土壤；国土；领土43.____________adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的44.____________adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的45.____________vt.&vi.消化vt.领会；领悟n.摘要；文摘46.____________n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的47.____________n.根；根茎；根部；根源二、重点单词变形1.academyn.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→_____________adj.学业的；学术的2.evaluatevt.评价；评估→_____________n.评价；评估3.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→_____________n.区别；差别4.apparentadj.显而易见的；明显的→_____________adv.显而易见；看来；显然5.gentleadj.温柔的；文静的→_____________adv.轻轻地；温柔地6.gradualadj.逐渐的→_____________adv.逐渐地；逐步地7.remarkv.&n.谈论；评论→_____________adj.非凡的；显著的→_____________adv.惊人地8.distantadj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→_____________n.距离9.automaticadj.自动的→_____________adv.无意识地；自动地10.prefervt.更喜欢；偏好→_____________n.爱好；偏爱11.constantadj.不断的；重复的；不变的n.常数；常量→_____________adv.始终；一直12.predictvt.预测；预言；预料→_____________n.预测；预言13.opposevt.反对；抵制；阻挠→_____________adj.反对的→_____________adj.对面的；相反的n.对立的人(或物)；对立面prep.在……对面14.resistvi.&vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→_____________n.抵制；反对；抗拒15.accurateadj.精确的；准确的→_____________n.精确，准确16.visibleadj.看得见的；可见的→_____________adj.看不见的17.prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止→_____________n.禁止；阻止；禁令18.appealvi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉n.吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求→_____________adj.有吸引力的；恳求的19.fashionn.时尚；时兴；流行款式→_____________adj.流行的；时髦的20.cyclen.自行车；摩托车；循环vi.骑自行车→_____________n.骑自行车的人21.approvevi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过→_____________n.赞成；通过；同意；批准→_____________adj.赞许的；许可的22.employvt.使用；应用；雇用→_____________n.雇用；使用→_____________n.雇主；老板→_____________n.雇工；雇员→_____________adj.失业的23.differvi.相异；不同于→_____________adj.不同的→_____________n.不同；差异24.favourvt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同→_____________adj.赞成的；有利的25.relyvi.依赖；依靠→_____________adj.可靠的；可信赖的26.slightadj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→_____________adv.略微；稍微27.anxiousadj.焦急的，焦虑的→_____________n.焦虑；担心；害怕28.adjustvt.调整；调节vi.&vt.适应；(使)习惯→_____________n.调整，调节；适应→_____________adj.可调节的；可调整的29.reactvi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→_____________n.反应，回应30.convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服→_____________adj.令人信服的→_____________adj.确信的；坚信的；坚信不疑的31.conventionn.惯例；习俗→_____________adj.传统的；习惯的32.expandvt.&vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→_____________n.扩大；膨胀33.realadj.真实的→_____________vt.实现；意识到→_____________n.现实；实际情况；事实34.extendv.使延长；扩大→_____________n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机35.pooradj.贫穷的→_____________adv.糟糕地；不适→_____________n.贫穷；贫困三、重点短语1.__________________________承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2.__________________________坚决要求3.__________________________(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗4.__________________________总结；概括5.__________________________为……做出贡献6.__________________________凭借；利用7.__________________________竖立起来8.__________________________某人无法控制9.__________________________出于对……的热爱10.__________________________由于11.__________________________偶然12.__________________________关/开(电灯、机器等)13.__________________________着火14.__________________________记录15.__________________________(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)16.__________________________与……闲逛17.__________________________一方面……另一方面……18.__________________________使某人安心19.__________________________日常生活20.__________________________在行进中；在移动中21.__________________________出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作22.__________________________依靠……生活；以吃……为生23.__________________________有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动24.__________________________达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；不多于；(体力或智力上)能胜任；由……决定25.__________________________展览26.__________________________对……熟悉27.__________________________遗留；丢弃；把……抛在后面28.__________________________相比之下29.__________________________(与……)相比较30.__________________________消除；分解；打破31.__________________________直起来；整理；收拾整齐32.__________________________换句话说；也就是说33.__________________________(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请；呼吁34.__________________________有某种影响；在工作35.__________________________亲吻某人的脸颊36.__________________________盯着；注视37.__________________________把……用于；献身；致力；专心38.__________________________包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)39.__________________________在内心深处；本质上；实际上40.__________________________一个……的问题41.__________________________相应地；转而；依次；轮流42.__________________________例如；比如43.__________________________远离；远非44.__________________________富于；有丰富的……四、重点句型1.句型：upon/on(doing)sth一……就……一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(兴奋心理描写)___________________________________，hewasunabletocontrolhisexcitementandjumpedwithjoy.2.句型：状语从句的省略上周末在农场摘水果的时候，我们沐浴在春日温暖的阳光中。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)___________________________________，wewerebathedinthespringwarmsunshine.3.句型：it作形式主语对于约翰来说，通过制作和卖爆米花来帮助伯纳德过更好的生活是一种莫大的荣幸。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)___________________________________Bernardtoliveabetterlifebymakingandsellingpopcorn.4.句型：theinstant我一看到熊咬铁丝网，我就屏住呼吸，一动也不敢动。(2020·浙江卷)___________________________________，Iheldmybreath，notdaringtomoveaninch.5.句型：theway作先行词的定语从句只有改变我们对待环境的方式，我们才能与环境友好相处。(环境保护)Onlybychanging___________________________________canwegetalongwellwithit.6.句型：as引导原因状语从句我写信寻求您对我们的英语短剧的指导，因为我不知道如何调整剧情的词汇和语法。(求助信)I’mwritingtoaskforyourguidanceonourEnglishshortplay，___________________________________thevocabularyandgrammaroftheplot.7.句型：现在分词短语作结果状语中国运动员在东京奥运会上获得了88枚奖牌，使整个国家兴奋不已。Chineseathleteswon88medalsinTokyoOlympicGames，___________________________________.8.句型：倍数表达法现在全运会的运动员人数是十年前的两倍。NowadaysthenumberoftheathletesintheNationalGamesis____________________________tenyearsago.9.句型：Itishopedthat...人们希望普通人能过上富足和幸福的生活。______________________________________________________________________.10.句型：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealized__________________________thanIwas.11.句型：部分否定并非每个学生都真正意识到了尊重和传播中国传统文化的重要性。______________________________________________respectingandspreadingtraditionalChineseculture.12.句型：while引导让步状语从句尽管旅游能够拓展你的视野，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱不是一个好主意。___________________________________，Idon’tthinkit’sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeandmoneyonit.13.句型：what引导主语从句给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。___________________________________myunclewillalwaysmotivatemetosticktomydreamwheneverIcomeacrossdifficulties.14.句型：giventhat...引导条件状语从句考虑到她喜欢孩子，我确信教书是适合她的职业。___________________________________，I’mconvincedthatteachingistherightcareerforher.15.句型：It＋be＋过去分词＋that...据估计，到2050年，13亿人将把英语作为他们的第一或第二语言。______________________________1.3billionpeoplewilluseEnglishastheirfirstorsecondlanguageby2050.一、结合语境运用单词1.IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin，buttomydisappointmentwewere___________(击败).2.Themottomeansexcellencecanonlybe___________(获得)afteryouhaveputtousewhatyouhavelearntandhavetrieditoverandoveragain.3.I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoattend“TalkandTalk”，anEnglishprogram___________(创建)byourschoolbroadcastingstation.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)4.ItwasbychancethatI___________(遇到)myformerclassmateonthestreettheotherday.5.Asagraduatinghighschoolstudentwhohasa___________(激情)forvolunteering，Iwillhaveenoughtimeandenergytoinvestinmycommunity.6.Anotherreasonismy___________(不断的)concernabouttheenvironmentalprotectionandtheimprovementofpeople’slivingconditions.7.Labournotonlycreatesabetterenvironmentforustoliveinbutalso___________(倡导)thespiritofdiligence.8.Myteachercaresaboutmeandpreparesmeformyfuture___________(职业；事业).9.He___________(命令)thatthestudentsshouldhandintheirhomeworkbeforehereturned.10.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatoceansplaya___________(关键的)roleintheworld.(2022·全国甲卷)11.___________(为……伴奏)herdaughteronthepiano，whenshewasavailable，wasagoodopportunitytodisplayhertalentformusic.12.Thelibrariansufferedfromheadachesandlossof___________(食欲；胃口)，sohedidn’tgototherestaurantwithus.13.WhenIcameacrosshim，hewas___________(闲逛)aimlesslyinthestreet.14.It’sannouncedthatthereisgoingtobealecture___________(以……为主题)“Howtolearneffectively”.15.Equippedwitha___________(雄伟的)stadium，ourschooloffersusanopportunitytodoavarietyofsports.16.Theteahouse___________(见证)areallyenjoyabletimeforallofus.17.Shefoundherselfin___________(冲突)withherparentsoverherfuturecareerinfashiondesign.18.Hemadeasillymistake，sohe___________(降低)hishead，notdaringtolookup.19.Having___________(澄清)hisopinionoftheincident，MrSmithsatdownandlistenedtoothers’.20.Thereisnoneedforyouto___________(费心)yourselfaboutsuchsmallthings.21.She___________(哭泣)sadly，wipinghertearswithatissue.22.Besides，finishingthehardracewillhelpusobtainself-confidenceandmotivation，whichare___________(极其重要的)qualitiesinourfuturesuccess.23.Tomyamazement，hisopinionissimilartomineinmany___________(方面).24.Inmy___________(空闲)time，Ilistentomyfavoritesongsathomeinsteadofgoingoutdoors.25.TheconstructionofChinaSpaceStationshowsourcountryhas___________(获得)greatsuccessinspacescience.二、结合语境运用短语1.Itisnecessaryforyouto_______________yourexperienceconstantlyandimprovetheefficiencyofyourwork.2.Thefarmers_______________sendingussometastyappleswhenwesetoffforourschool.3.Thecarpetisdesignedtostanduptoalotof_______________.4.Thebuilding_______________andmanypeopleweretrappedinit.5.Iwilltryto_______________thenewfieldbygainingrelevantknowledgegradually.6.He_______________thecomputertheinstantheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.7.Thepoorfamily_______________theland，withthefatherstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.8.Hegottothecompanyinahurry，onlytofindhehad________hissuitcase_________athome.9.Thegroupofwildhorsesare_______________，soit’sdifficultforustotakephotosofthem.10.SomeofQiBaishi’spaintingsare_______________inthemuseumatpresent.11.TheGreens_______________earlyinthemorningandarrivedattheirdestinationbeforenoon.12.Theactivityisaimedat_______________studentstotakeexerciseforanhoureveryday.13.Inotherwords，employingbodylanguageappropriatelycanhelpyou_______________barriersincommunication.14.Inthestreet，shefoundherself_______________byastranger，whichmadeheralittlenervous.15.Helen_______________herbedroomwhensheheardhermothercryingforhelpinthekitchen.16.Personally，inthepastitwasourparentsandteachersthathelpedusinmanyaspectsand_______________weshouldgiveahelpinghandtothemfromnowon.17.AlthoughIwasangryathiswords，_______________Iknewmostofwhathesaidwasright.18.Myfatherwas_______________satisfiedwithmyanswertohisquestion.(2021·浙江6月卷)19.Everyonecanmakecontributionstoprotectingournaturalresources._______________，wecansavelotsofgasbyridingabikeorwalkinginsteadofdriving.20.Keepupyourcourage，sincelife_______________joyandsadness.三、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Aftertwoyears，thesecondgroupsaw__________(remark)improvementsinhearthealth.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)2.The__________(novel)wasabouttoleavewhenhenoticedleavesmovinggently(gentle)inthebreeze.3.__________(found)in1985inBeijing，itisnowanationwideorganization,wheretheperformanceoftheemployee__________(evaluate)lastmonth.4.__________(encounter)afrighteningbeastonthewaytothemarkettheotherday,theservant__________(flee)withherheartbeatingwildly.5.Withthehelpofhisclassmates,Petergotusedtothenewlifeand__________(gradual)madeprogressinhisstudies.6.Fromthesefactswecandrawa__________(conclude)thatweoughttoadoptamore__________(science)approachtopreservingthetraditionalcustoms.7.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses,__________(profession)guidesandlotsofsupportworkers.8.Uponreachinghishometowninthe__________(distant)，thepoliticianexpresseda__________(prefer)fortheuniquescenery.9.Chinawillsafeguardenergysecuritybyresourceprotection,__________(advocate)greenlifestylesandconsumerculture.10.Heinsistedongoingtherealoneinspiteofa__________(warn)issuedbythelocalgovernment.Hisbehaviourwassostrangeand__________(normal).11.Asyouknow,ifyoudothesamethingoverandoveragain，youbegintodoit__________(automatic).12.InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthan__________(efficient).(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)13.WefollowedMr.Read’sspeechattentively，noddingandapplauding__________(constant).14.Overall,theresultsarequiteinteresting,indicatingthatlanguagelearningcanbeintegratedwithpersonalhobbiesand__________(entertain).(2022·全国乙卷)15.Inthissense,nothingisas__________(appeal)asspendingtimewiththefamilyandenjoyingvariousentertainmentactivities.16.Hisparentshavebeenworkingawayfromhome，thusrarely__________(accompany)him,buthenevercomplainsaboutthat.17.After__________(cycle)forhalfanhour,Ipersuadedhimt