阅读填表10篇-2024年江苏省中考英语名校模拟真题分类训练

阅读填表10篇(2024年江苏省名校真题)（2024·江苏泰州·二模）阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。Doyouwanttobeanastronautinthefuture?EveryyearonApril24,it’sSpaceDayofChina.It’sadaytocelebratethecountry’sgrowthinspaceexploration.Thesuccessfulmannedspacemissions(任务)areabigpartofit.EversinceYangLiweimadeittospacein2003,asmanyasover20Chineseastronautshavegonetospace.Beinganastronautiscoolbutsometimesdangerous.Whatproblemsdoastronautsface?Inspace,astronautsfacemanyproblems.Thereislittlegravitythere,whichinfluencestheirbodies.Also,beingawayfromfamilyandfriendsandstuckinatinyspaceshipforalongtimecanmakethemfeelsadorstressedout.What’smore,ifsomethinggoeswrongontheirmissionallofasudden,theyhavetoworkouthowtofixitunderhugepressure.That’swhyastronautshavetobesmart,strongandreadyforanychallengebeforetheycangotospace.Howareastronautstrained?TomakesurethatChineseastronautscompletetheirmissionsandreturntoEarthsafely.“Eighttypes,coveringmorethan200subjectsoftraining,areset.”HuangWeifen,chiefdesigneroftheastronautsystemforChina’smannedspaceproject,toldCCTVNews.Apartfromphysicaltraining,italsoincludesbasicscienceknowledgeandmock(模拟)missions.Beforeastronautscangotospace,theytrainlikethisforatleastthreeandahalfyears.Oneofthehardestpartsofthetrainingforastronautsistheunderwatertraining.Thishelpsthemgetreadyfortheweightlessenvironmentinspace.Huangexplainedthatastronautsweardivingsuits(潜水服)thatweighmorethan100kilogramsandstayunderwaterforsixhoursatatime.Movingaroundinthewaterwithsuchaheavysuitisreallytiring.Huangsaidthatoneastronaut,NieHaisheng,evenlost2kilogramsafteroneunderwatertrainingexercise.TrainhardtoworkinspaceChinahasachievedgreatsuccessinspaceexploration.AnumberofChineseastronautshavebeentospace12003.Beinganastronautiscoolbut2,sotrainingisnecessary.3astronautsface▶Low4whichmakesthemfeeluncomfortable.▶Feelingsadorstressedbecauseofbeingawayfromhome▶Somesuddenproblemswhichneed5.TrainingastronautsreceiveBasicinformation▶8typeswhichcover6200subjectsareset.▶Physicaltraining,basicscienceknowledgeandmockmissionsare7.▶Atleast3.5yearswillbespentontraining.Oneofthehardest—theunderwatertraining▶The8istohelpastronautspreparefortheweightlessenvironmentinspace.▶Astronautswearvery9divingsuitsandstayunderwaterforalongtimeatatime.▶NieHaishengevenlost2kilogramsafteroneunderwatertrainingasitmakesastronautsfeel10.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。所填单词必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每个空格只能填一个单词。Readingisfun!Besidesforfun,wecanalsoanalyze(分析)textstolearnmorefromthetextsandmoreaboutthetexts.Onewaywecandothisisbyfindingoutthethemeofthetexts.Thethemeofatextisthe“bigidea”thatrunsthroughthetext,connectingthecharactersandevents.Itiswhatthewriterwantstotellusthroughthestory.Themescanbeideaslikefamily,friendship,loveandsoon.Butitmaynotbeabletobeincludedinjustoneword,itmightbeanideasuchas“Friendshipisimportant.”Usuallythethemeofatextisn’ttolddirectly,makesureyouknowwhatthewriterissaying.Howcanwefindoutthethemeofatext?Thefollowingstepsmayhelpyou.Readthroughthewholetext.Usuallycharacterschangeasthestorygoeson,sothethemeyougetatthebeginningmightnotbetrueattheend!Forthisreason,youneedtoreadthroughthewholetextfirst.Theremayalsobemorethanonethemeinastory.Findouttheclue.Afterreadingthewholetext,trytoanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatimportanteventshappenedduringthestory?Whatwastheproblem?Howdidtheproblemgetsolved?Howdidthecharacter(s)change?Whatdidthecharacter(s)learn?Theanswersmayhelpyoutogettheclues.Getthebigidea.Readagainforthewriter’spurposeofthetextandfindouttheanswerstothefollowingquestions.Wasmostoftheplot(情节)aroundfriendship?Didthecharacterssolveproblemswiththeirfamilies?Didthemaincharacterlearntheimportanceoffriendship?Ifoneoftheanswersis“yes”,youmaygetthebigidea.Checkthebigideaout.Ifyou’vefounda“bigidea”,gothroughthetexttofindtheevidencethatsupportsthisideainthetext.Youneedn’trepeateverydetailofthestory—afewkeyexampleswillbefine.Haveyougotthewaytofindoutthethemeofatext?Getyourfavoritebookquicklyandseeifyoucanfindthethemeout!FindingoutthethemeofatextMainpointsDetailedinformation11isatheme?Athemeisa“bigidea”that12thecharactersandevents.Thewriter’sthoughtsmaybeexpressedthroughthetheme.Themesmightnotbejustonewordandsomearenotpresentedina13way.Howcanyouexplorethetheme?Readthetexttillthe14tofullyunderstandthethemes.Findouttheclueandgetthebigideaby15somequestions.Checkthebigideaoutbyfindingsomekeyexamples（2024·江苏无锡·一模）先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。所填单词必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每个空格只能填一个单词。Iscream,youscream,weallscreamforicecream!Onahotsunnyday,whowouldsaynotoasweet,ice-coldicecream?Itwouldbeanexcitingtreattofindoutwhoinventedicecream.ThefirstkindoficecreamwasmadeinChinaalmostthreethousandyearsago.Itwasamixtureofsnow,milkandrice.FromChina,therecipe(食谱)wasspreadtoEurope.TheEmperorNeroofRomeenjoyedafrozendessert(甜点)thatwasamixtureofsnow,honeyandfruits.InAsia,theMughalEmperorsrequiredtheirhorsementobringsnowfromthemountainstoDelhi(Delhicangetveryhot!).Theicewasmixedwithflavours(香料)andwasthenusedinfruitsorbets(冰糕).WhentheItalianCatherinedeMedicimarriedHenryIIofFrance,shebroughtflavouredsorbetrecipestoFrance.HerItaliancookcreateddifferentflavourfruiticeforeachdayoftheweddingcelebrations.IcecreamarrivedinEnglandfromFrance.KingCharlesII,builtanicehouseinthecentreofLondonandwasthefirstBritishkingwhoisknowntohaveeatenicecream.Untilthe1800’sicecreamremainedadeliciousdessertenjoyedonlybytherich.IcecreamcametoAmericafromEurope.In1832,WhiteHousecookAugustusJacksonfoundouthowtoputicecreamincanstosendtoice-creamstores.Hewasnamedthe‘FatherofIceCream’.Technologicaldevelopmentmadeicecreamproductionpossible.In1843,theicecreammachinewasspreadtoEnglandandAmerica.Thiswasmadefromawoodenboxfilledwithiceandsalt.Todaytherearesomanydifferentflavoursoficecream.Youcannameanyflavourandtherewillbeanicecreamofit.Themostpopularflavoursarechocolateandstrawberry.InterestingFactThefirst‘refrigerators’werecreatedbymixingsaltwithice.Mixingsaltwithicereducesthefreezingpoint.Youcanachievetemperatureslowerthan-14℃.The16ofIceCreamInterestingFact➢InChinaAmixtureofsnow,milkandriceSaltlowersthetemperatureto17icecreamfrozen➢InEurope18materialswereusedtomakeicecream.Frenchenjoyedicecreamwhenpeoplegotmarried.19peoplecouldn’tenjoyicecreamuntilthe1800’s.➢InIndiaHorsemenwere20tocollectsnowfromthemountains.➢InAmericaPeoplecanbuyicecreaminstores.TheicecreammachinewasintroducedintoAmerica.（2024·江苏泰州·一模）阅读下列短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后的表格。(每空一词)BeginningofSpringBeginningofSpring,LichuninChinese,isthefirstofthe24SolarTerms(节气)inthetraditionalChinesecalendar.Afterthateverythingturnsgreen.Peopleclearlynoticethatdaytimebecomeslongerandtheweathergetswarmer.Thefollowingaresomethingspeopledotocelebratethecomingofspring.FlyingkitesSpringisthebestseasonforkite-flying.Thistraditionalfolkactivitybeganover2,000yearsago.Itcanhelpbuildone’shealthandpreventdiseases.Abreathoffreshairoutsidecanrefreshtheirmindwhentheyareflyingkites.WearingfabricswallowsWearingfabricswallowsisacustominsomepartsinShaanxi.EveryBeginningofSpring,peopleliketowearaswallowmadeofcolorfulsilkontheirchests.Theswallowisasymbolofspringandhappiness.BitingthespringInmanypartsofChina,peoplefollowthecustomof“bitingthespring”onthedayofBeginningofSpring.Theyeatspringpancakes,springrolls(春卷),orafewcarrots.MakingaSpringOxThiscustominShaanxiispracticedrightbeforeBeginningofSpring.Thelocalgovernmenthiressomeskilledworkersandgathersthemtobuildtheframe(框架)ofanoxoutofbamboostripsandthelegswithwood.Peoplewoulddosotowelcomespringandhopeforagoodharvestthatyear.PeopleinChinabeganholdingaspecialactivityonthedayofBeginningofSpringabout3,000yearsago.BytheQingDynasty(1644—1911),greetingspringhadbecomeanimportantfolkactivity.Sincethen,BeginningofSpringasanimportantsolartermhasbeenpassedon.BeginningofSpringIntroductionBeginningofSpringisthefirstofthe24SolarTermsinthetraditionalChinesecalendar,anditis21LichuninChinese.Daytimegetslongerandthetemperaturegets22.The23ofBeginningofSpringFlyingkitesAsatraditionalfolkactivity,ithasa24ofmorethan2,000years.Itcanhelppeoplekeep25andpreventdiseases.WearingfabricswallowsTheswallows26forspringandhappiness,somanypeoplewearfabricswallowsonthedayofBeginningofSpring.BitingthespringPeoplecelebrateBeginningofSpringby27somespecially-madefood.MakingaSpringOxTheskilledworkers28bamboostripsandwoodtomakeanox.Peopledosotowelcomespringand29agoodharvest.ConclusionItis30forChinesepeopletogreetspringonthedayofBeginningofSpring.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）IoncegavealessontoagroupofprimaryschoolstudentsforaTVprogram.Isuggestedthatwecreatesmallgardens.First,Iaskedthestudentstolookfortheirfavoriteplaceintheschool.Oncethere,Iletthemtryhardtoemptytheirminds.ThenIhadeachofthemdescribetheirexperiencesofnatureinasmallgarden.Inaboxofaboutoneandahalfbytwofeet,theycouldorganizesoil,stones,leavesandgrassfreely.Evenasanactivegardendesigner,Iwasimpressedwiththeirimagination.Thegardenstheymadewerereallycreative.Onechildcreated“water”thatflowedintoa“lake”;anotherchildputgrassinawaytorepresent“wind”;andyetanotherchildtriedhardtocreateshade...Thesechildrenwereoftenbusydoingtheirschoolwork.Thatwaswhytheytookgreatinterestwhentheycreatedtheirsmallgardens.Theyspentawonderfultimetogetherwithnature.Tryspendingtimewithnatureyourself.Ifyounoticeastonelyingontheground,pickitupandholdit.Whenyouseebeautifulflowersbythesideoftheroad,stopandenjoythepleasantsmell.Then,insideyourmind.Createyourownsmallgarden.Itwillrelaxyou.CreatesmallgardensCreategardensintheschoolFirst,studentswereaskedtofindtheirfavoriteplaceatschoolandtrynottothinkabout31.Then,theywere32toorganizetheirgardens.Theycaughtmy33withtheircreativegardens.34theyoftenhadnotimefornature,thesechildrentookgreatinterestwhencreatingtheirgardens.CreategardensinsideyourmindYoushouldspendtimewithnatureyourself.Youwillget35ifyoucreateyourowngardeninsideyourmind.（2024·江苏泰州·二模）阅读下面短文，请根据短文内容，在文后表格中填入恰当的单词，每空一词。Youmighthaveafriendoraclassmatewhorememberseverysingledetail.Howcantheymakeit?Agoodmemoryisoftenseenassomethingthatcomesnaturallyandabadmemoryassomethingthatcannotbechanged.However,actuallythereareplentyofthingsthatyoucandotoimproveyourmemory.TakeaninterestWeallhavethesameopinionthatwecaneasilyrememberthethingsweareinterestedinandforgettheonesthatboreus.It’snothardtoexplainwhyschoolboysrememberfootballresultswithoutdifficulty,butmakeagreatefforttorememberdatesfromhistorylessons!Onewayto“make”yourselfmoreinterestedistoaskquestions—themore,thebetter!OrganizethingsingroupsResearchershavefoundthatinformationorganizedingroupscanbeeasytoremember.Youcanusethisbyorganizingthematerialsyouarestudying.Trygroupingsimilarknowledgetogether,ormakeamindmapoftextbookreadingtohelpgrouptheinformation.Thenwhenyoulearnmoreaboutthatsubject,youunderstandthatbetter.Besurethingsareclearinyourmind.Ifnot,askquestionsuntilyouunderstand!What’smore,whenyou’relearningnewmaterials,takethetimetothinkabouttherelationshipbetweenthepresentinformationandwhatyou’vealreadyknown.Thenithelpsyourememberinformation.TakephysicalexercisePhysicalexerciseisalsoimportantforyourmemory,becauseitincreasesyourheartrateandsendsmoreoxygentoyourbrain,andthatmakesyourmemoryworkbetter.Exercisealsoreducesstresswhichisverybadforthememory.Sothenexttimeyou'relearningnewinformation,youcanusethemethodsabove.I’msurethatyouwillimproveyourmemoryandgetmoreoutofit.36toImproveYourMemory37Somepeoplewere38withagoodmemory,andabadmemoryis39tobechanged,butwecandoalotofthingstoimproveourmemory.MainbodyTakinganinterestWeall40thatit’seasytorememberthethingsyouareinterestedin.41thingsingroupsOrganizeinformationingroupstorememberknowledge42.43therelationshipbetweennewmaterialsandyourknowledge.TakingphysicalexerciseExercisetomakeyourmemoryworkbetterwith44stress.conclusionIfyouusethemethodsabove,yourmemorywillbecome45.（2024·江苏镇江·一模）根据短文内容在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词，每空一词。Nowadays,OpenAIcompany’sChatGPT,Dall-EandSorahavebeenahottopicallaroundtheworld.Butperhapsmostofushaveneverthoughtaboutwhatittakestorunsuchintelligent(智能的)products.Onethingthistechnologydependsonmaygetyousurprised—plentyofwater!Whydoesacomputerprogramneedsomuchwater?Infact,inordertohavetheabilitytowritelikeahuman,anAIsystemmustfirststudyalargeamount(数量)oftextwrittenbyhumans.Intheprocess,itnotonlyusesmuchelectricitybutalsoproducesmuchheat.So,onhotdays,computerengineersusewatertokeepthecomputerscool.MicrosofthasworkedwithOpenAIforyears.Inarecentreport,Microsoftsharedhowmuchwaterwasusedfrom2021to2022.Thetotalamountofwaterusedincoolingmachinesisenoughtofillmorethan2,500Olympic-sizedswimmingpools.ItisbelievedthetrainingofAIsystemsleadstothebigrise.Usually,AIsuper-computingcenterslieinplacesthatarecoolformostoftheyear.Thesecenterscanjustuseoutsideairtocoolthecomputers.Butinsummer,thetemperaturegoesto30℃.Thecomputerengineershavetousealargeamountofwatertocoolallthemachines.ChatGPTalso“drinks”waterwhilechatting.ScientistshaveworkedouttheenvironmentalcostsofusingAIproducts.Foraconversationof20to50questionsandanswers,ChatGPTusesupabottleofwater,about500ml.Theexactamountofwaterusedinchattingchangeswiththeseasons.Manypeopleareunawareoftheproblem.Ifyoudon’tknowhowmanyresourcesChatGPTuses,howcanyouhelptosavewater?ThenexttimeyouareamazedathowsmartChatGPTis,thinkabouthowmuchwaterit’s“drinking”.Whynotreducethetimeoftalkingtomachines—tohelpsavetheEarth’swaterresources!How“thirsty”areAIsystems?Aroundtheworld,intelligentproductsare46heatedly.However,thefactthatmuchwaterisusedinrunningthemmay47manypeople.The48forusingmuchwaterWhenanAIsystemlearnsto49likeaman,itneedselectricityandproducesheat.Asaresultwaterisusedtokeepcomputerscool.ArecentreportbyMicrosoftFrom2021to2022,theamountofthewaterusedincoolingmachineskept50.ThetrainingoftheAIsystemisthecauseofit.Theanalysis(分析)Theamountofusedwateris

connectedwith51AIsuper-computingcentersarebuilt.

affectedbythehigh52oftheseplaces.

not53allyeararoundandchangeswithseasons.Advice◆Consideritasa54.◆SaveEarth’swaterresourcesbyhavingmore55withhumans.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Thereisonethingintheworldthat’ssmallerthanyourfingernail.Butwithoutit,wecan’tusenearlyalltheelectronics.It’sthemicrochip!Itisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutmicrochips?Herearesomebasicsforyoutolearnit.Whataremicrochips?Nottobeconfusedwithpotatochips,Microchipsareverysmallelectronicdevicespeopleusetostoreanddealwithinformation.Amicrochipisasetofinterconnectedelectroniccomponentsthatareimprintedonaverysmallchip.Asmicrochipshavesomanyconnectedcomponents,theyarealsocalledintegratedcircuits.Therearemainlytwokindsofmicrochips:logicchipsandmemorychips.Logicchipsarethe“brains”ofelectronicdevices—theydealwithinformationtofinishatask.Memorychipsstoreinformation.ApplicationandimportanceMicrochipsareineverythingelectricalfromcomputerstocellphones,TVs,cameras,cars,airplanes,appliancesandmedicalequipment.MicrochipsarealsousedinGPStrackingdevicesandidentificationcardsandareusedtorecordactivitiesandinformation.Microchipstakeandprocessdigitalinformationandmakeitusablerightaway.Forexample,aCentralProcessingUnit(CPU),orprocessor,isthemainchipinacomputer.Itsresponsibleforcarryingoutallthecomputer’stasks.Whataremicrochipsmadefrom?Themainingredientformakingmicrochipsissilicon.It’sachemicalelementthatcanbefoundinrocks,sand,clayandsoil.Siliconisasemiconductor,meaningthatitsconductivepropertiescanbecomestrongerbymixingitwithotheringredients.Thismakesitpossibletoturnanelectricalcurrentonoroff.Thesiliconusedtomakemicrochipsmostlycomesfromsilicasand,madeofsilicondioxide.Helpfully,it’severywhere!It’sthesecondmostcommonelementonEarthafteroxygen.Howsmallcanmicrochipsbe?Onemicrochipissmallerthanabuttononyourshirtbutithasbillionsoftransistors(晶体管).Soit’seasytounderstandjusthowsmallthefeaturesonachipneedtobe.Chipfeaturesaremeasuredinnanometers(纳米).Ananometerisonebillionthofameter.Thesmallerthefeaturesinthepatternscreated,themoretransistorscanfitonachip,andthemorethechipcando.ABrief56toMicrochipsWithoutmicrochips,oneofthemostimportantinventionsinhistory,almostallofourelectronicproductsmightnot57.Definition·Smallelectronicdevicesare58tostoreanddealwithinformation.·Twokinds:logicandmemorychips.Applicationandimportance·Theyareineverythingelectricaltorecordactivitiesandinformation.·Theyprocessdigitalinformationandmakeusers59touseitatonce.Size·Onemicrochipwithbillionsoftransistorsissmallerthanabutton.·Thebiggerthechipfeaturescreated,the60transistorscanfitonachip.（2024·江苏南京·一模）Thetwenty-firstcenturyisalreadyturningouttobethecenturyofmoderntechnologies.Thetechnologicalrevolution(革命)thatstartedafterWorldWarIIisnowdevelopingmorequickly.Computingandothertechnologicaldevelopmentisbeginningtoreachintoinfluenceandtakeovernearlyeverypartofourlives.Thetwomaininfluencesmoderncomputinghashadonourlivesareintheareasofeconomics(经济学)andcommunications.Technologyhasledtobigchangesineconomicandbusinesssystemsandoperations(经营).Businessesnowhavetobeusingcloudservicesormachinelearningorriskfailure.Asaresult,everybigcompanybasesitsoperationsoncomputing.Forexample,CocaCola,HuaweiandTencentselldifferentproductsandservices,yettheyallshareonebasicfeature—withoutmoderncomputingservices,theiroperationswouldbreakdown.Newtechnologiesplayanimportantroleineconomies.ChinaandmanyotherdevelopingcountrieshavelargeITindustries,whichdrivetheireconomies.What’smore,developedcountries,includingGermanyandtheUnitedStates,aremovingfromanindustrial-basedeconomytoacomputingandIT-basedone.Theotherimportantinfluenceoftechnologicalchangeisinthewayofcommunication.Forexample,inthepast,peoplewrotelettersortalkedonfixedphones,whichsloweddownthecommunicationprocess.Nowtheysende-mailsandtextmessages,orchatusingmobilephones.Insteadofwaitingweeksforaletterorspendingtimefindingafixedphone,wecancommunicaterightaway.Newformsofcommunicationarecheaperorfree.Asaresult,nowpeoplewholivethousandsofkilometresawayfromeachothercancommunicateasmuchastheywantatanytime.Inconclusion,computingandnewtechnologieshavehadagreatinfluenceonourlivesinmanyways.Andtheyhavehadthegreatestinfluenceinbusinessandcommunication.Inthefuture,iftechnologycontinuesdevelopingatsuchspeed,ourbusinesspracticesandmethodsofcommunicationwillhaveevengreaterchanges.Itisalreadystartingtobringchangestootherpartsofourlives,suchastransportationandhealth.Whatinfluencehastechnologyhadonourlives?Introduction>Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintechnologies61WorldWarII.>Computinghasmadeagreat62toeconomicsandcommunications.63ofmaininfluences>Operationsofbigcompanies64oncomputing.>LargeITindustries65countrieslikeChinatodeveloptheireconomies.>Newtechnologieshave66GermanyandUSAintoacomputingandIT-basedeconomy.>Technologicalchangemakescommunication67andfasterthanbefore.>Wespend68oncommunicationaswell.>Peoplecancommunicatewitheachother69theywant.ConclusionThemore70technologyisdeveloping,thegreaterchangeswewillhave.（23-24九年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Manyofushavehadthisexperience:weliedowninabedotherthanourown,perhapsatafriend’shouseorinahotelroom,andfinditdifficulttofallasleep.Isitbecausethebedisuncomfortable?Maybe,butperhapstherecanbeotherreasons.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinCurrentBiology,asignificantreasoniswhatthescientistscall“firstnighteffect”.Theybelievethatonesideofthebrainactsasa“nightwatch”togiveusawarningaboutpotential(潜在的)dangers.Itforcesustostayawakeonthefirstnightinanewenvironment.Forthestudy,35youngvolunteersweretoldtosleepinalabforseveraldays.Meanwhile,researcherswatchedtheirbrainactivities.Accordingtotheresearchers,ontheirfirstnight,theleftbrainsweremoreactivethantherightbrainsandpeoplehadahardtimesleeping.However,left-brainactivityreducedasdayswentby,fallingeventothepointofcompletecalm.Inthisprocess,thevolunteersgotanincreasinglybettersleepexperience.Thefindingssuggestthatthedifferentrhythms(节奏)ofthesidesofthebraininfluenceoursleep.Whenthetwosidesworkdifferently,thebalancebetweenthemisbroken.Thus,thebraincan’trelaxandissensitivetoanythingstrangeinthesurroundings,justasitisinthedaytime.“Atsomelevel,thebrainiscontinuingtoanalyze(分析)things,eventhoughyoudon’trealizetheanalysis,”USprofessorJeromeSiegeltoldSmithsonianMagazine.“Ifsomethingunusualhappens—ifadooropensoryouhearakeyinalock—youcanbealert(警惕的).”Moresurprisingly,thissituationissimilartothewaysomeanimalssleep.Whales,dolphins,andmanybirdscansleepwithhalfoftheirbrainwhiletheotherhalfstaysawake.Ifyouhaveeverhadwhatyouthinkis“firstnighteffect”,researcherssuggestthatyoubringyourownpilloworsleepinaroomsimilartoyourbedroomnexttimeyousleepawayfromhome.Whycan’tyougettosleep?IntroductionPeoplecan’tfallasleepeasilywhen71inanewenvironment.ReasonOnesideofthebrainstaysawaketo72usaboutpotential(潜在的)dangers.ProcessandfindingsoftheresearchResearcherstoldsomevolunteerstosleepinalab,73theirbrainactivities.Toomanyleft-brainactivities74thebadsleepexperienceonthefirstnight.Theirleftbrainsbecame75activeastimewentbyandbecamecalmgradually.76tofindingsWhetheryoucanhaveagoodsleep77onthebalancebetweenthetwosidesofthebrain.Youyourselfdon’trealizeit,78yourbraindoesn’tstopanalyzingthings.It’ssurprisingtofindoutthatthewayhumanssleepisjust79someanimalsdo.80Takeapilloworliveinasimilarroomwhenstayinginanewplace.参考答案：1．since2．dangerous3．problems4．gravity5．solving6．over7．included8．purpose/aim/goal9．heavy10．tired【导语】本文介绍了宇航员面临的问题和所接受的训练。1．根据“EversinceYangLiweimadeittospacein2003,asmanyasover20Chineseastronautshavegonetospace.”可知，自2003年以来，已有多名中国宇航员进入太空；since“自从”，符合语境。故填since。2．根据“Beinganastronautiscoolbutsometimesdangerous.”可知，成为一名宇航员很酷，但有时也很危险；dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。故填dangerous。3．根据“Low...whichmakesthemfeeluncomfortable.”、“Feelingsadorstressedbecauseofbeingawayfromhome”和“Somesuddenproblemswhichneed...”都是宇航员需要面临的问题；problems“问题”，符合语境，首字母大写。故填Problems。4．根据“Thereislittlegravitythere,whichinfluencestheirbodies.”可知，低重力会让他们感到不舒服；gravity“重力”，符合语境。故填gravity。5．根据“What’smore,ifsomethinggoeswrongontheirmissionallofasudden,theyhavetoworkouthowtofixitunderhugepressure.”可知，一些突发的问题需要解决；solve“解决”，动词；根据sth.needdoing“某事需要被做”可知，应用ing形式。故填solving。6．根据“Eighttypes,coveringmorethan200subjectsoftraining,areset.”可知，设置了8种培训类型，涵盖200多个培训科目；over“超过”，符合语境，与morethan同义。故填over。7．根据“Apartfromphysicaltraining,italsoincludesbasicscienceknowledgeandmock(模拟)missions.”可知体能训练、基础科学知识和模拟任务都被包括在内；include“包括”，动词，此处应用过去分词included，与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填included。8．根据“Thishelpsthemgetreadyfortheweightlessenvironmentinspace.”可知，水下训练的目的/目标是帮助宇航员为太空中的失重环境做好准备；purpose/aim“目的”，goal“目标”，符合语境；由is可知，名词用单数。故填purpose/aim/goal。9．根据“Huangexplainedthatastronautsweardivingsuits(潜水服)thatweighmorethan100kilogramsandstayunderwaterforsi