2024年高考英语（阅读理解之说明文）模拟真题 (新高考专用)（含解析）

2024年高考英语（阅读理解之说明文）模拟真题(新高考专用)（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）Didyouknowmanyadultssitdownformorethanninehoursaday?Maybeyou’reoneofthem!Whetherit’sworkingatadesk,sittingmotionlessinacar,busortrainorloungingonthesofawatchingTV,wehaveamuchmoresedentarylifestylethanourparentsandgrandparentsdid.Thequestionthatthisraisesisjustwhatitisdoingtoourbodies.Thenewsisn’tgood.Astudycarriedoutinthe1950scomparedbusdriverswiththeconductors,whowalkedaroundthebussellingtickets.Itshowedthatdrivers,whospentmanyhourssittingatthewheel,weretwiceaslikelytohaveheartattacksthanthemoreactiveconductors.Infact,prolongedsittinghasbeenassociatedwithanumberofdifferentconditions,eveninpeoplewhootherwisetakeregularexercise.Ifyousitdownallday,youburnfarfewercaloriesthansomeonewithamoreactivejob.Therearesuggestionsthatitslowsyourmetabolism(新陈代谢)andmakesitharderforyourbodytoregulatebloodsugarlevelsincreasingtheriskofdiabetes.Onepossibleanswertothissproblemisfordeskworkerstousestandingdesks,tospendatleastpartoftheirdayontheirfeet.Onesmallstudyshowedthatofficeworkerswhostoodforthreehoursafterlunchhadamuchsmallerincreaseinbloodsugarlevels,whileanothersuggestedthatbystandingforthreeorfourhoursadayovertheperiodofayear,peoplewouldburnasmanycaloriesasiftheyhadruntenmarathons.Otherexpertsquestionthisfigureandpointoutthatstandingalldaycanalsohavenegativeimpacts,suchaslegorbackpain,recommendingthatifpeopledowanttousestandingdesks,theyshouldgraduallyincreasetheamountoftimethattheyspendontheirfeet.Crucially,theyalsopointoutthattherearemanyalternativestositting,andthattheirimpactisunlikelytobethesame;walking,forexample,burnsfarmorecaloriesthanstanding.1．Whatisthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Thedangersoflongsitting. B．Measurestoburnmorecalories.C．Disadvantagesofstandingatwork. D．Suggestionsfromtheexpertsonhealth.2．Whichisnottrueaccordingtothetext?A．Walkingburnsfarmorecaloriesthanstanding.B．Wearemoreactivethanourpreviousgenerations.C．Legorbackpaincouldbeanegativeeffectofstandingallday.D．Notbeingabletoregulatebloodsugarlevelscanleadtodiabetes.3．Whomayburntheleastcalories?A．Abusconductor. B．Amarathonrunner.C．Asittingdeskworker. D．Astandingofficeworker.4．Whatisotherexperts’attitudetowardsthefigurefromthelaststudy?A．Ambiguous B．Approving. C．Skeptical. D．Dismissive.（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）TheMonaLisaisthefamousLeonardodaVincipaintingofawomanwithamysterioussmile.Thisweek,thepaintinggaveupasecret.ScientistsusedX-raystoexaminethechemicalorganizationofanextremelysmallpartofthemorethan500-year-oldpainting.TheresearchersdiscoveredatechniqueLeonardousedinthework.AteaminFranceandBritaindiscoveredanoilpaintusedfortheMonaLisawasaspecial,newchemicalmixture.ItsuggeststhattheItalianartistmayhavebeeninanexperimentalmoodwhenhesettoworkonthepaintingearlyinthe16thcentury.“Hewassomeonewholovedtoexperiment,andeachofhispaintingsiscompletelydifferenttechnically,”saidVictorGonzalez.Heisthestudy’sleadwriter.“Inthiscase,it’sinterestingtoseethatindeedthereisaspecifictechniqueforthegroundlayeroftheMonaLisa,”hesaidinaninterviewwithTheAssociatedPress.Specifically,theresearchersfoundararecompound,plumbonacrite(水蛭石),inLeonardo’sfirstlayerofpaint.Thediscovery,Gonzalezsaid,provedthatdaVincimostlikelyusedleadoxidetothickenandhelpdryhispaint.ThescientistslookedintoitsatomicstructureusingX-raysinasynchrotron(同步加速器).Themachinemovesparticlesatclosetothespeedoflight,permittingresearcherstolookdeeperintothepaintstructure.“Plumbonacriteisreallyafingerprintofhisrecipe,”Gonzalezsaid.“It’sthefirsttimewecanactuallychemicallyproveit.”DutchartistRembrandtmayhaveusedasimilarmixturewhenhewaspaintinginthe17thcentury.Gonzalezandotherresearchershavefoundplumbonacriteinhiswork,too.“Italsotellsusthatthoserecipeswerepassedonforcenturies,”Gonzalezsaid.“Itwasaverygoodrecipe.”ButtheMonaLisaandadditionalworksbyLeonardostillhaveothersecretstotell.“Thereareplenty,plentymorethingstodiscover,”Gonzalezsaid.“Whatwearesayingisjustalittlebrickmoreintheknowledge.”5．WhatisthesecretofthepaintingoftheMonaLisa?A．Theuseofplumbonacrite. B．Leonardo’sloveforexperiment.C．Thewaytodrythepainting. D．Theoilinthefirstlayer.6．WhatisGonzalez’sattitudetothepainting’ssecret?A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed.7．Howdoestheauthorsupportthetopicofthetext?A．Bymakingcomparisons. B．Bylistingrelatedexamples.C．Bydescribingthestudyprocess. D．Byquotingexperts’opinions.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ACreativePainter B．ASmilingMonaLisaC．ANewDiscoveryintheMonaLisa D．APioneeringPainting（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）Waterwaysareimportantforeverycountryaroundtheworld.Theyprovidenotonlywaterforeverydayusebutalsoroutesfortransport.However,duetoindustrialactivity,manyofthemarenowpolluted.DakotaPerryfromtheUShasexperiencedwaterpollutionfirst-hand.The15-year-oldhighschoolgirltoldAlabamaLocalNewsthatshespendsalotoftimegoingonboatrideswithherdadontheriverbehindtheirhouse.However,theriverhasbecomelitteredwithplasticbags,bottlesandcups.Perrywantedtocleanupthewatersoshecouldcontinuetoenjoytheriver.So,withthehelpofherfather,shedesignedasystemtocollectandremoverubbishinwaterways.InMay,PerryputforwardhersolutionattheRegeneronInternationalScienceandEngineeringFairheldinGeorgia,US,andreceivedaJudge’sAwardfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationforherproject.AccordingtotheScienceNewsforStudentswebsite,hersystemwasinspiredbytheDutchGreatBubble(气泡)BarrierinAmsterdam,whichcreatesaflowofbubblesthattrapwasteanddirectsittoacatchmentsystem.ButPerrytriedtochallengeherselfandmakehersystemmoreenvironment-friendly.Sheplannedtocreateacurtainofbubblesthatstretchedtheriverdiagonally(对角地).Thecurtainwouldstopthefloatingrubbishandthenpushittowardtheshore.Oncethere,aconveyorrunbyasolar-poweredbatterywouldcarrythewastetoadustbin.Inherbackyardpool,Perryusedanaircompressor(压缩机)tosendairthroughapipefullofholestocreateastreamofbubbles.Sheexperimentedwithdifferentamountsofpressuretomakesuretherewouldbeenoughbubblestoformafullcurtain.“Forthebubblesystemtoactuallyworkandcollectrubbish,”sheexplainedtoScienceNewsforStudents,“Ihavetoknowhowmuchpressuretheaircompressorissupposedtopushout.”Aftershetestedhersystemforcollectingrubbish,Perryfoundthatitworkedbetterthanexpected.Next,sheplanstoworkouthowtousethepoweroftherivertoruntheaircompressor.9．WhatmotivatedPerrytodesignarubbish-collectingsystem?A．Herfather’sencouragement.B．Herdesiretoprotectanearbyriver.C．Avisittoascienceandengineeringfair.D．AninventionofaDutchhighschoolstudent.10．Whatcanweknowabouttherubbish-collectingsystem?A．ItwasdesignedbyPerryalone.B．Itmakespowertoruntheaircompressor.C．Itcollectssolarenergytoremoverubbish.D．Itcreatesabubblecurtaintoblockrubbish.11．Whatisthe5thparagraphmainlyabout?A．Advantagesofthesystem. B．Thewayoftestingthesystem.C．Theimprovementonthesystem. D．Challengesinthedesignprocess.12．WhatkindofpersonisPerry?A．Efficientandambitious. B．Helpfulandhardworking.C．Responsibleandcreative. D．Professionalandadventurous.（2024·江西九江·二模）Whenfacinganextremelyannoyingproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm,aimingtogetthebestideasquickly.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptforonetinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Inbrainstormingmeetings,manygoodideasarelost—andfewaregained.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhengeneratingideastogether,wefailtomaximizecollectiveintelligence.Surprisinglyenough,individualsworkingalonetendtoproducemoreandbetterideascomparedtobrainstormingingroups.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,ashifttoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”ismoreeffective.Initially,youaskeveryonetogenerateideasindependently.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemanonymously(匿名地)amongthegroup.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosinganddetailingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.Forinstance,duringthe2010Chileanminerescue,timepressing,therescueteamestablishedaglobalbrainwritingsystemtocrowdsourceindependentideas,avoidingtime-consumingbrainstorming.Anentrepreneurofferedatinyplastictelephonethatbecamethesolemeansofcommunicatingwiththeminerswhilea24-year-oldengineer’ssuggestionresultedinthecreationofaspecializeddrillthatultimatelysavedtheminers.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviorscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisbalancedparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,participationcaneasilybecomedominatedbythemostinfluentialpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessensuresthatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.Thegoalisn’ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom—it’stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity,butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsworkingaloneproducegreatervarietiesofnovelideas,bothbrilliantandterrible,thangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttolocatethesignalwithinthenoiseandextractthebestideas.13．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes“groupbrainstorming”accordingtothispassage?A．Creative. B．Productive.C．Inefficient. D．Fundamental.14．Whyisthe2010rescuementionedinparagraph4?A．Toillustratethesignificanceofspecificequipmentintherescue.B．Toshowtheimportanceofbrainstorminginemergencysituations.C．Tohighlighttheroleofinfluentialpeopleincollectiveintelligence.D．Todemonstratetheeffectivenessofbrainwritingingeneratingideas.15．Whatismainlydiscussedinparagraph5?A．Theimportanceofcollectiveintelligence.B．Thegoalofbecomingthesmartestperson.C．Thepowerofequalinvolvementinbrainwriting.D．Theinfluenceofpowerfulindividualsindecision-making.16．Whatisthefunctionofcollectivejudgmentincollectiveintelligence?A．Identifyingthetopideas. B．Findingmoregoodsolutions.C．Replacingindividualcreativity. D．Encouraginggroupbrainstorming.（2024·新疆喀什·二模）Overthedecades,computershaveaffectedourlivestoanastonishingdegree.Whenthefirstmoderncomputerwasconceptualizedandbuiltinthe20thcentury,itwassolargethatittookupawholeroom.Overtime,thetechnologyshrank.First,computersbecamesmallenoughtositonadeskandbebroughtintothehome.Then,theyweremadelightweightandportable,givingusthelaptop.Today,mostpeoplehavesomethingevensmaller:asmartphonethatcanfitintoapocket.Thoughthat'sascompactasmostpeopleareusedto,computersandtechnologyaregettingeventinier!Oneofthetiniestformsoftechnologyavailabletodayisthemicrobot.Amicrobotisaverytinyrobot-amachineprogrammablebyacomputer—thatisbuilttoperformspecifictasks.Youmighttendtorefertothisasjustasmallrobot,butthesizeanddimensionsofmicrobotsareactuallyquiteprecise.Amicrobotislessthanonemillimeterinwidth,approximatelythesizeofthetipofapencil.Incomparison,asmallrobot,whichcanbeupto100centimetersinwidth,wouldbeabsolutelylarge.Ifyouthinkthatmicrobotsareassmallasyoucanget,thinkagain.Nanobotssmallerthanonemicrometerexist,butthesearesosmallthattheyaren'tvisibletothenakedeye(肉眼).Sincemicrobotsaresosmall,theyarepotentiallyverycheap.Scientistsandengineersworkingtodevelopthesemicrobotsbelievethattheycouldbeusedtoexploreenvironmentsorareasthataretoosmallordangerousforpeople.Becausethecomputingpowerofonesinglemicrobotisn'tthatlarge,microbotscouldbemovedandusedinlargegroups.Atthemoment,thebiggestbarriertothedevelopmentofthesetinymachinesisfiguringouthowtopowerarobotthatcanonlycontainanextremelysmallbattery.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrank”inParagraphIprobablymean?A．gotmoreAutomatic. B．becamesmaller.C．gotwiser. D．becamelarger.18．Whatcanweknowaboutmicrobots?A．Theycanbeusedtodoriskytasks. B．Theyarerelativelyexpensive.C．Theycan'tbeseenbythehumaneyes. D．Theyaren'taspreciseasexpected.19．Whatisthekeytothefuturedevelopmentofthetinyrobots?A．Itsfunction. B．Itsmaterial.C．Itsbatterypower. D．Itsmaintenancecost.20．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowSmalltheTechnologyCanGet B．HowRobotsChangeOurFutureLivesC．WhyHumanBeingsPreferTinyTechnology D．WhyMicrobotsAreWidelyUsedWorldwide（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）ArecentsurveyintheUSfoundthatGenZ-ersandMillennials(千禧一代)visitlibrariesmoreoftenthantheirparentsorgrandparents.Theyounglovelibrariesbecausetheyaresecure,comfortable,freeand—asmy11-year-oldwouldsay—“aesthetic”.ThismeanstheylookgoodinthebackgroundofanInstagrampostorTikTokvideo.It’salsoagreatplacetomeetpeople.Ifyou’rebothyoungandinalibrary,chancesareyouhavesimilarinterests.Andthen,too,therearethebooks.GenZ-ersareturningouttobebigreaders,especiallyofpaperbooks.Eventhough,orperhapsbecause,theyhaveintheirpocketsthemostlimitlesslydistractingdeviceseverinvented,manyaredeliberatelychoosingtopickupapieceof15th-centurytechnologyinstead.Theylikethefactthatbooksareself-containedandrequireconcentration.Thereis,sometimes,asenseofnostalgic(怀旧的)cosplayinthewayyoungpeopleread.InNewYork,forexample,thelatestTikTok-fuelledcrazeisreadingwithstrangersinbars.Youhavetobuyaticketinadvance,andthenyouallgatherandsitinsilencefor30minutes,readingwhateverbookyou’vebroughtalong.Likeanexpensiveversionofgoingtothelibrary,exceptthatafterwardsyouallhaveadrinkandtalkaboutbooks.Theverythoughtofitmakesmesuffer,butthat’sbecauseI’machildofthe1970sand80s.Tome,readingisaprivatepleasure,whilescreens—TVorcinema—aresocial.Ididonce,inafitofambitiousparenting,introducea“familyreadinghour”,duringwhichmyhusbandandchildrenwerepressedtojoinmeatthefiresideforsomesilentreading.Itcouldnothavefeltmoreperformativeifwehaddressedupintophatsandcrinolines(旧时的衬裙).Butstill,Iapplaudtheseyoungreaders—forknowingwhatisgoodforthem,forseekingouthumanconnection,forfindingthebeautyandpleasureinoldinstitutions,andforbringingnewlifetothelibrary.21．Whichofthefollowingisareasonwhytheyounglovelibraries?A．Theyenjoythesenseofsafetyandfreedom.B．Theyarefreetousesocialmediainlibraries.C．Theyconsidere-readingawaytodiscoverbeauty.D．Theyexpecttomeetpeoplewithdifferentinterests.22．WhatdoweknowaboutthelatestTikTok-fuelledcrazeinNewYork?A．It’satrendofreadingwiththefamilyinbars.B．It’salearningapproachadvocatingsilentreading.C．It’sagatheringattendedbystrangersfreeofcharge.D．It’sareadingfashionintegratingtheoldandthenew.23．Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor’sunderstandingofreadingfromparagraph4?A．Itisadelightfulsocialexperience. B．Itisawayofpersonalenjoyment.C．Itisasignificantparentingpattern. D．Itisapainfulroutinepractice.24．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AGenZWaytoRefreshLibrariesB．ARealisticLookofLibraryReadingC．ABroadViewofLibrariesandSocialMediaD．ANewWaytoSeeHumanConnectionwithLibraries（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）Tobuildaprosperous(繁荣的)society,afundamentalunderstandingofthemoderneconomyasadrivingforceintoday’sworldisessential.Whatkindofprosperityhaveweachievedsofar?Thewidespreaddefinitionofprosperityfocusesoneconomicpowerandgrowthasmeasuresofsuccess.Let’stakealookathistory.TheSecondIndustrialRevolutionenabledmassproductionandcreatedasufficientsupplyofgoods.Thishasgreatlyincreasedtheimportanceofmoneyinitsroleas“astoreofvalue,”and“amediumofexchange.”Asaresult,wehavepursuedeconomicpowerastheonlyindicatorofprosperity,suchasGDP.Wavesofglobalizationandtechnologicalevolutionhavepromotedoveralleconomicgrowth,buthaveallowedthefewwhoarestrongtoachievegreaterpowerwhileexploitingthemanywhoareweak.Consequently,inequalityhasworsened,anddisunityhasintensified.Thepathtoatrulyprosperousworldrequiresashiftinfocustowardsthemostsuitablehappinessforall,inadditiontoeconomicpower.Defininghappiness,however,isacomplextask.Whatmakespeoplehappy?Thedegreetowhichthesamethingcreateshappinessdiffersfrompersontoperson.Happinessissubjectiveandcomplicated.Thisisaworldof“multiplevalues”whereeachofusdeterminesworthasopposedto“onefixedprice”basedmerelyonaneconomicperspective.Individualsshouldn’tbedefinedbyasingleidentityorrolebutbymultidimensionalnatureaswellasmultiplerolesmakingindependentchoicesandtakingactionsfortheirhappinessindifferentaspects.Businessesmustbepioneersinpursuingnotonlyeconomicgrowthbutalsothehappinessofallcitizensofsociety.Companiescancontributethroughthepursuitofsocialvalueaswellaseconomicprofit.Attheheartofthislies“purpose”.Acompany’spurposedefinesthevalueitbringstosociety.Thetrueworthofacompanyshouldbedeterminednotjustbythereturnsitcreatesforshareholdersbutbythevalueitcreatesforsocietyasawhole.25．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothewidelyacceptedstandardofprosperity?A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Uncertain. D．Approving.26．Whatisthesideeffectoftechnologicalevolution?A．Theslowereconomicgrowthspeed.B．Thesharpreductionofjobopportunities.C．Theenlargedgapbetweentherichandthepoor.D．Theincreasingconflictbetweendifferentnations.27．Whichstatementwilltheauthoragreewithaccordingtothepassage?A．Happinessischangeableandbeyondcontrol.B．Happinesslargelydependsoneconomicpower.C．Thepursuitofprofitdeterminesacompany’strueworth.D．Aprosperousworldshouldbemeasuredbymultiplevalues.28．Whoarethemainintendedreadersofthetext?A．Socialpsychologists. B．Enterpriseadministrators.C．Schooleducators. D．Technologicalresearchers.（2024·湖南·一模）Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸钠)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganeco-consciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeads(珠)madeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadsandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice’sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback.“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,”theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertoovercomethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheating-coolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobecomesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher.“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlarge-scalecommercialization,”emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.29．Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A．Itcanberecycledatalowcost. B．Itisproducedwithoutpollution.C．Ittakeslesstimeto.breakdown. D．Ithasawiderangeofapplications.30．Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A．Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.B．Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.C．Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D．Toobserveiftheglasscanbemeltdowninmice’sstomach.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hurdle”inparagraph4referto?A．Theinstabilityofaminoacids.B．Thedifficultyofselectingmaterialsfortheglass.C．Environmentalproblemscausedbytraditionalglass.D．Thechallengeofimprovingtheheating-coolingprocedure.32．WhatistheattitudeofYanXuehaitowardsthenewglass’slaunchonthemarket?A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain.（2024·广东湛江·二模）Arecentstudyrevealsthatflat-faceddogs,suchasFrenchbulldogs,havedifficultysleepingbecauseofanunusualfeature:theirheadshape.Frenchbulldogsspecificallysufferfromincreaseddaytimesleepiness,probablyduetonotgettingenoughnight-timesleep.Withtheirbigeyesstaringrightbackattheowner,andwrinklesrolledovertheirnoses,Frenchbulldogshaveshotupinpopularityinrecentyears.Buttheirdistinctfeaturesandsmallsizecomewithanumberofhealthissues.Theresearchersstudiedthesleeppatternsof92dogsaccompaniedbytheirowners.Theyfoundthatcomparedwithotherdogs,theflat-faceddogsexperiencealongerperiodofrapideyemovement(REM),regardedasthestageofsleepwithmostvividdreamswherethebrainisactivewhilethebodyremainsstill.Researcherssaidthiswassimilartothewaybabiessleep,suggestingthatdogs,likeFrenchbulldogs,keepupthesleeppatternsofpuppyhood.Theirnight-timesleepisshorterandflat-faceddogsarealsomorelikelytosnoring(打鼾).“Sleepdeprivationisincreasinglyrecognizedasamajorcauseofsufferingindogswithextremebrachycephaly(短头畸形),”saidDanO’Neill,anassociateprofessorfromtheUniversityofLondon.Theresearchersemployedanelectroencephalogram(脑电图)throughoutthedogs’sleep.Theylookedparticularlyatsleepspindles(睡眠纺锤波).Theyfoundthatdogswithbrachycephalyhadanincreaseinsleepspindles,whichindogshasbeenassociatedwithpoorerlearningwhenitcomestotraining.Aresearchersaid,“Weknowthatsomeofthesedogswillsleepwithaballintheirmouth,andpeoplethinkit’scute,butthey’reactuallydoingitinordertokeeptheirairwaysopen.”O’Neillagreed,“Manyownersfindthisphenomenonveryfunnyandpostvideosonlineshowinghowcomicaltheirdogsareastheysleepwithatoyintheirmouthorwiththeirneckextendedorrepeatedlywakinguptobreatheduringsleep.”33．Whatmaylendtoflat-faceddogsincreaseddaytimesleepiness?A．Theirtendencytosleepwithowners.B．Theirpreferencefordaytimenapping.C．Theirshorternight-timesleepduetotheheadshape.D．Theirhabitofsleepinginuncomfortablepositions.34．Whatdowesayaboutflat-laceddogsfromparagraph3?A．TheydifferfromhumanbeingsinREM.B．Theyrequirelesssleepthanotherspecies.C．They’relesslikelytosuffersleepdisturbances.D．Theymaintainpuppy-likesleeppatternsasadults.35．Whatdoestheincreaseinsleepspindlesinflat-laceddogsimply?A．Theyhaveastrongermemoryduringsleep.B．Theyhaveastrongdesiretosleepduringthenight.C．Theyaremorelikelytosucceedinhardtraining.D．Theymayfacechallengesinlearningduringtraining.36．Whydosomeflat-faceddogssleepwithatoyintheirmouths?A．Theywanttohavepleasantdreams. B．Itpreventsthemfromsnoringloudly.C．Ithelpsthemmaintainanopenairway. D．Theyenjoyplayingwithtoyswhilesleeping.（23-24高三下·甘肃武威·阶段练习）Long-termexposuretolow-frequencynoisecancausemanyhealthproblems,butthesolutionmaybefoundinanunexpectedobject,aping-pongball.Conventionallythoughtofastheplasticballsthatspeedthroughtheairduringafast-speedgameoftabletennis,withafewchanges,ping-pongballscanhelpabsorbthecitynoise.Low-frequencynoiseiseverywhereincities,nearroads,andbyairports.Thoughpotentiallyheardasbackgroundintheacoustic(声学的)landscape,itcanleadtoearaches,breathingproblemsandotherlong-termharmfuleffects.Becauseitisproducedbyarangeofsourcesandislessaffectedbystructuresthanhigher-frequencysound,low-frequencynoisecanbechallengingtoavoid.InJournalofAppliedPhysics,researchersfromtheUniversityofLilleandtheNationalTechnicalUniversityofAthensdescribeanacousticmetasurface(超表面)thatusesping-pongballstopreventsoundpassingthrough.“Ping-pongballsarewell-known,everydayobjects,presentinlargenumbersallovertheworld,”saidauthorRobineSabat.“Ourmotivationwastousetheseeasilyaccessibleobjectstocreatealow-frequencysoundproofpanelstructure.Ping-pongballsthereforepresentasuitablealternativetosoundinsulators.”Acousticmetasurfacesarematerialsspeciallyengineeredtohandlesoundwaves.Thismetasurfaceusesping-pongballswithsmallholes,actingasHelmholtzresonators(共振器).Moreresonantfrequenciesmeantthedevicewasabletoabsorbmoresound.Atthesuccessoftwocoupledresonators,theresearchersaddedmore,untiltheirdevicelookedlikeasquaresheetofping-pongballscover