2024届四川省成都市高三年级下册二诊考试英语试题（含解析）

2024届四川省成都市高三下学期二诊考试英语试题

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

ThePritzkerArchitecturePrizeisknownastheNobelPrizeforarchitects.Eachyearitis

awardedtoprofessionals-anindividualorteamwhohavemadeimportantcontributionsto

thefieldofarchitectureanddesign.HereisalistofsomePritzkerwinners.

IeohMingPei

Chinese-bornarchitectIeohMingPeitendedtouselarge,abstractformsandsharp,

geometricdesigns.Hisglass-coveredstructuresseemtospringfromthehigh-techmodernist

movement.Thejury（评委会）noted,t4Peihasdesignedover50projects,manyofwhichhave

beenawardwinners.TwoofhismostfamousdesignshaveincludedtheEastBuildingofthe

NationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D.C.,andtheextensionoftheLouvreinParis,

France.46

KenzoTange

Thismasterofarchitecturewasoneofthemostsignificantarchitectsofthe20thcentury,

combiningtraditionalJapanesestyleswithmodernism.Hisamazingandvisionaryconcepts

ofarchitectureledthePritzkerJurytoawardhimthePritzkerPrize,makinghimthefirst

Japanesearchitecttowinthisprestigiousaward.

DiebedoFrancisKere

Recognizedfor"'empoweringandtransformingcommunitiesthroughtheprocessof

architecture”,DiebedoFrancisKerehaswon2022PritzkerArchitecturePrize,becomingthe

firstAfricanarchitecttoobtaintheaward.Thejurypraisedhimfordevelopingan

architecturalbeautybasedonlocalclimaticconditions.

BalkrishnaDoshi

BalkrishnaDoshi,thefirstPritzkerLaureatefromIndia,studiedinBombay,today's

Mumbai,andfurtheredhisstudiesinEurope.ThePritzkerjurysaidabouthisselection,

“BalkrishnaDoshiconstantlydemonstratesthatallgoodarchitectureandurbanplanning

musttakeintoaccountfactorssuchasclimate.

1.Whoisgoodatcombiningtraditionalstylesandmodernism?

A.DiebedoFrancisKere.B.IeohMingPei.

C.BalkrishnaDoshi.D.KenzoTange.

2.WhatdoDiebedoFrancisKereandBalkrishnaDoshihaveincommon?

A.Theirnationality.B.Theirdesignphilosophy.

C.Thecommunitiestheyserve.D.Theeducationalbackground.

3.Wherecanthetextbefound?

A.Inabrochure.B.Inabiography.

C.Inanadvertisement.D.Inamagazine.

“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverharmme,“isanoldsaying

myfourth-gradeteacheroncetoldme.Igrewupthinkingaslongaspeopledidn'tphysically

hurteachother,hurtfulwordsweretobetolerated,butIchangedmymindafterreading

LindaO'Connell'sstory,TwoLittleWordswithaBigImpact.Shediscussedtwowords:"and”

and“but”,andexplainedhow"but"canbeoneofthemostdestructivewords.

ThenIrealizedIhadbeenhurtbytheword"but”,andthatIhadwoundedothers,too,by

usingthewordthoughtlessly.Forexample,whenIwasateacherandeditedmystudents5

stories,Iwouldalwayssaytheircontentwasgood,butthenIwouldaddcommentssuchas

“butyouneedtomakeyourcharactersmorerealistic.^^Icouldhavesaid,“Yourcontentis

goodandmakingyourcharactersmorebelievablewillmakeitevenbetter.

Insettingupguidelinesforcommentingonwriters,Irealizeweneedtopraiseeachother,

makehelpfulremarks,andthenpraiseeachotheragain,withoutusingtheword"but."I

rememberacollegeprofessorwhosaid,“Thereisnosuchthingasconstructivecriticism.

Criticismiscriticism.Shehasnowpassedon,butherwordsremainwithmealways.

Myfourth-gradeteacher9squotewasaimedatwhatshethoughtwasharmless

playgroundteasing,buteventeasinghurts.Today,wecanreadsadnewsrelatedtomany

storieswherepeoplehavebeenterriblyhurtbyuglywordsandsufferedalot.NowIrealize

theimportanceofthinkingbeforespeaking,eventoavoidseeminglyunimportantwordslike

“but."Sticksandstonesbreakourbones,butthoughtlesswordsalsodoharm.Theycanleave

marksforalifetime.

4.Whatchangedtheauthor'sattitudetohurtfulwords?

A.Ateacher'sadvice.

B.Hispersonalexperience.

C.Acollegeprofessor'swords.

D.AstorybyLindaO'Connell.

试卷第2页，共10页

5.WhatmessagedoestheexampleinParagraph2convey?

A.Theauthorused"but"toooften.

B.Theauthorcouldtoleratecriticism.

C.Themisuseof"but"canhurtothers.

D.Realisticcharactersareneededinwriting.

6.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Honestandwarm-hearted.B.Devotedandco-operative.

C.Optimisticandopen-minded.D.Caringandself-reflective.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thebenefitsoflearningfrommistakes.

B.Thelong-lastingeffectofhurtfulwords.

C.Theimportanceofusingwordsthoughtfully.

D.Thedifferencebetweenphysicalandemotionalharm.

TwopowerfulNASAtelescopeshavedetectedtheoldestandmostdistantblackhole

everfound.DatacollectedviaenergeticX-raysbytheChandraX-rayObservatoryandJames

WebbSpaceTelescopehashelpedastronomersspotthesignatureofagrowingblackhole

withintheearlyuniversejust470millionyearsafterthebigbang,whichoccurred13.8

billionyearsago.Thediscovery,describedinastudypublishedinNatureAstronomy,may

helpastronomersfigureouthowsomeofthefirstsupermassiveblackholesformedinthe

universe.

“WeneededWebbtofindthisremarkablydistantgalaxy（星系）andChandratofindits

supermassiveblackhole,usaidleadstudyauthorAkosBogdan,inastatement.,,Wealsotook

advantageofacosmicmagnifyingglass（宇宙放大镜）thatboostedtheamountoflightwe

detected.64Hewasreferringtoaneffectcalledgravitationallensing（引力透镜效应），which

occurswhencloserobjectsactlikeamagnifyingglassfordistantobjects.Gravityessentially

twistsandstrengthensthelightofdistantgalaxiesinthebackgroundofwhateverisdoingthe

magnifying,enablingobservationsofotherwiseinvisiblefeatures.

AstronomersdetectedtheblackholeinagalaxycalledUHZ1.Atfirstglance,thegalaxy

appearedinthesamedirectionasaclusterofgalaxiesknownasAbell2744,whichislocated

about3.5billionlight-yearsfromEarth.ButdatacollectedbytheWebbtelescopeshowed

thatUHZ1isactuallymuchfartherawayandlocatedbeyondtheclusterat13.2billion

light-yearsfromEarth.

TheteamusedtheChandraObservatorytodetectsuperheatedgasreleasingX-rays

withinUHZ1,theobvioussignofasupermassiveblackholegrowinginsize.Thedetection

wasmadepossiblebytheAbellclusterofgalaxies,whichintensifiedthelightoftheUHZ1

galaxyandtheX-raysreleasedbytheblackholebyafactoroffour.

Astronomersthinkthediscoverywillhelpthembetterunderstandhowsupermassive

blackholesappearedandreachedtheirhugemassessosoonafterthebeginningofthe

universe.

8.Whafsthepossibleageofthenewly-foundblackhole?

A.470millionyears.B.13.33billionyears.

C.13.8billionyears.D.14.27billionyears.

9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessoftheresearch.

B.Thesignificanceofthediscovery.

C.Thecontributorstothediscovery.

D.Thebackgroundoftheresearch.

10.WhichbestshowsthepositionofAbell2744,EarthandUHZ1?

(A：Abell27441E：Earth；

c.

U：UHZ1)

11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheOldestandMostDistantBlackHoleSpotted.

B.TwoPowerfulNASATelescopesComingintoService.

C.NewSupportingEvidenceoftheBigBangTheoryDetected.

D.AstronomersFiguringOutHowtheFirstBlackHolesFormed.

There'sanenormousamountofpersonalhealthinformationpeoplenowfeedortapinto

试卷第4页，共10页

digitalmonitors,healthapps,searchenginesandotheronlinetools.Ifthesameinformation

wereprovidedinyourdoctor9soffice,yourprivacywouldbesafeguarded.Butthafsnothow

thedigitizedhealthworldworks.

Instead,wehaveanecosystemofabuseinwhichhealthtechnologycompaniesoperate

largelyoutsidethelawthatrequiresdoctorsandothermedicalpersonnel,hospitalsand

insurerstoprotectanindividuaFshealthinformation.

Thatmeanstechnologycompaniescan——anddo-digyourdigitaldataforcluesabout

yourhealthstatus,accessinginformationlikeprescriptionsyouhavepurchasedandother

healthservicesyoumighthavesought,andpotentiallylinkthisinformationtoyourname,

address,emailaddressandotherpersonallyidentifyinginformation.Thedatacanthenbe

usedbyplatformsincludingFacebookandGoogletohelpadvertiserstargetpromotionsor

othercommunicationstoyou.

Ifsagapingholeinhealthprivacyprotectionsthatcomesfromtheprivacylaw,which

protectsinteractionsbetweenpatients,medicalprofessionalsandinsurersbutdoesnot,in

mostcases,protectpatienthealthdatathatisrecordedonnewtechnologies.

Closingthepatientprivacygapcan-andshould-beapriorityforlawmakers.The

consequencesofdigitalexposureforthoseseekingreproductiveserviceshavedrawn

significantconcernandattention.Theseworriesarereasonable.Butreproductivecareisonly

oneareaofhealthserviceswhereprivatepatientinformationisdigitallydisclosed.

Therefore,lawmakersmusttakeactiontoprotecttheprivacyofpeoplewhoarenow

onlineforallmannersofpersonal,professionalandotherreasons.Untilthen,anarrowly

targetedapproachthatprotectshealthprivacymaybepoliticallyeasiertocomeintoeffect.

Theexplosionofdigitalhealthtechnologyandthedramaticincreaseinitsuseinthepastfew

yearsrequireitgreatly.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepresentsituationofthedigitizedhealthworld?

A.Personalhealthdataisusedforotherpurposes.

B.Personalhealthinformationisdifficulttoidentify.

C.Targetedpromotionsareusedtoimprovepeople'shealth.

D.Medicalpersonnelprotectthepersonalhealthinformationwell.

13.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentprivacylaw?

A.Approving.B.Critical.C.Cautious.D.Ambiguous.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph6referto?

A.Thespreadofhealthservice.

B.People'sprivacy.

C.Anarrowlytargetedapproach.

D.Theexplosionofdigitaltechnology.

15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toadvocateimprovementintheprivacylaw.

B.Toreportcasesofillegalinformationexposure.

C.Toexplainhowthedigitizedhealthworldworks.

D.Tointroduceadebateontheeffectoftechnology.

There?snogoodreasonnottohaveameaningfullife16Butthroughcareful

thinkingandself-reflection,wecantakestepstochangethat.

Onethingthatcanhelpyoufindmeaninginyourlifeisstructured,systematicreflection.

17Thenfollowuponthatbyreflectingonwhatyou'dHketoaddtoyourlifeandwhat

youcouldgetridoftomakeitmoremeaningful.Ifthisprovestricky,trytakingalookatthe

livesofpeopleyourespectandthinkingaboutwhatmakesyouthinktheirlivesare

meaningful.

18Imagineyourself,afewdecadesfromnow,findingoutthatyouonlyhavea

fewmonthsorevenonlyafewdaystolive.Whatareyouhappytohavedoneandsadnotto

havedone?Remindingyourselfthatlifehasalimitwillhelpyoufocusonwhattrulymatters.

Whafsmore,ifyoutakeacloserlook,youmightrealizethatyourlifeisalreadyfullof

meaning.Alltoooftenwedon'trecognizewhafsimportantuntilwearelikelytoloseit.But

there5snoneedtowaitforadversitytohelpyouappreciatethegreatthingsinyourlife.

19

Finally,youcanmakesmallchangesandcreatenewhabitsthatwillhelpyouappreciate

thevalueinyourlife.20Thiscanhelpyoucultivateadeepersenseofgratitudeand

findjoyinthesimplepleasuresofeverydaylife.

A.Firstly,trytobemoreawareofyourpreference.

B.Itcanalsohelptoseeyourlifefromanewangle.

C.Thereareusualargumentsabouthowlifeismeaningless.

D.Sadly,wearealwaysleftstrugglingtofindmeaninginlife.

E.Youcanalwaysexposeyourselftothevaluethafsallaroundyou.

试卷第6页，共10页

F.Startbymakingalistofthingsthatarealreadymeaningfulinyourlife.

G.Itcomesdowntotryingtoseeallthesmallthingsinyourlifewithfresheyes.

二、完形填空

Attheageof16,1wenttoAustraliaasanexchangestudentandlivedwithahostfamily.

EventhoughIhadmadesomepreparations,thecultureshockwasstill21.

Duringthefirstmonths,whichiscalledthe"'honeymoonphase“ofcultureshock,Iwas

super22tobeinadifferentcultureandfoundeverything23andexciting.

Butsoon,thingsstartedtofeel24.Differencesbecamemoreapparentandfrustrating

25populatedmyhead:"IwishpeoplewouldjustbeabletospeakGermanforoneday!”

“Iwishpublictransportationwould...Thesethoughtswereofcoursehighly26.

However,they5repartofthe"'negotiationphase^^.

Overthenextfewmonths,though,feelingsofadjustmentandbelonginggradually

27.Idevelopedmyownroutine,learnedtoadapttothe28,andmademanynew

friends.Ihadslowlyandunknowingly29the'"adjustmentphase”.Ihadadaptedmy

ownbehaviorandlearnedto30newwaysofthinkingandattitudes.MyEnglish

hadimproved31!

ThingsstartedtomakesenseandI32Australianculturebetterandbetter!

Thatwasamajor33formepersonally.EverydayIfeltmore34with

mynewhome.Iadoptedmanynewtraits（特'性）whilealso35earlieronesfrom

myhomecountry.Thisprocessiscalledthe“masteryphase”.Myhappiestmomentwaswhen

mydearfriendoneday36duringaconversation:"Jude,you37just

likeus!You'reanAustraliannow!^^IhadtransformedfromasilenttimidGermantoan

almostaccent-freebiculturalAustralian/German.

The38ofcultureshockaredifferentforeveryoneandcancausedifferent

behaviorsand39.Butonethingisforsurethough:Cultureshockcannotbe

avoidedand40isthefirststeptowardsadaptingtoaforeignculture.

21.A.unavoidableB.unbearableC.unbelievableD.unforgettable

22.A.worriedB.lonelyC.thrilledD.proud

23.A.similarB.expensiveC.advancedD.fresh

24.A.uncontrollableB.oddC.distractingD.worthless

25.A.experiencesB.commentsC.thoughtsD.news

26.A.effortlessB.unimportantC.unhelpfulD.aimless

27.A.tookoverB.brokeoutC.wentonD.fadedaway

28.A.requirementsB.trendC.behaviorsD.stress

29.A.missedB.enteredC.completedD.created

30.A.appreciateB.meetC.ignoreD.change

31.A.slowlyB.dramaticallyC.suddenlyD.regularly

32.A.memorizedB.introducedC.understoodD.analyzed

33.A.breakthroughB.barrierC.dilemmaD.method

34.A.patientB.familiarC.carefulD.comfortable

35.A.keepingB.enjoyingC.rememberingD.spreading

36.A.complainedB.remarkedC.declaredD.emphasized

37.A.lookB.soundC.eatD.dress

38.A.effectsB.descriptionsC.advantagesD.attractions

39.A.understandingB.changesC.feelingsD.response

40.A.questioningB.explorationC.imitationD.acceptance

三、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinaisacountryrichinteaculture.41(add)totheintangible(非物质的)

culturalheritage(遗产)listoftheUNESCO,China's,traditionaltea-makingbecamethe

country's43rdonthelist.Thisrecognitionwillmakethisculturalheritage42(visible)

tothepublicthanbeforeandhelppromoterespectforculturaldiversityandhumancreativity.

Thetraditionaltea-makinginChinaisawholesystem43(involve)knowledge,

skills,andpracticesaboutthe44(manage)ofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,

manualprocessing,drinking,andsharingoftea.ThehistoryofChinesetea45(date)

fromover3,000yearsago.Sincethen,Chinesepeoplehavebeenplanting,picking,making,

anddrinkingtea.TeaproducersinChinahavesuccessfullydevelopedsixcategoriesoftea:

green,yellow,dark,white,oolong,andblackteas,each46itsownflavorandhealth

benefits.Forinstance,greenteaisfamousforitshealthbenefits,47blackteais

knownforitsstrongflavor.Togetherwithprocessedteas,suchasflower-scentedteas,there

试卷第8页，共10页

are48(total)over2,000teaproductsinChina.

TeaisanessentialpartofChinesecultureandtradition.49iscommonin

Chinesepeople'sdailylife,assteeped(浸泡的)orboiledtea50(serve)infamilies,

workplaces,teahouses,andrestaurants,tonameafew.Ifsalsoimportantforsocialization

andceremoniessuchasweddings.

四、改错

51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或

修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(八)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词。

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

LastFriday,IwasplayingbasketballwiththefriendonthecourtwhenIaccidentallyhit

apassedstudentwiththeball.Ifeltterriblyandimmediatelyapologizedhim.Hewasinpain

andIknewIhavetodosomethingtohelphim.Iofferedtowalkhimtothenurseofficeand

waitedwithhimuntilhefeltwellthanbefore.Iwasalsocarriedhisbooksandaccompanied

himfortherestoftheday.Ilearnedthatinthefuturehoweverhappens,weshouldtake

responsibilityfortheiractionsandmakethingsright.

五、书信写作

52.你校英文报正举办以“ThePowerofSmile”为题的征文比赛，请结合自身经历写一篇

短文投稿，内容包括：

1.自身经历；

2.你的感悟。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.题目已为你写好。

ThePowerofSmile

试卷第10页，共10页

参考答案:

1.D2.B3.D

【导语】

本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普利兹克建筑奖及其一些获奖者，包括他们的建筑风格

和成就，为读者提供了关于这一奖项及其获奖者的相关信息和背景知识。

1.

细节理解题。根据文章KenzoTange部分中的“Thismasterofarchitecturewasoneofthemost

significantarchitectsofthe20thcentury,combiningtraditionalJapanesestyleswithmodernism.（这

位建筑大师是20世纪最重要的建筑师之一，他将传统的日本风格与现代主义相结合。）”可

知，KenzGTange善于把传统风格和现代主义结合起来。故选D。

2.

细节理解题。根据文章DiebedoFrancisKere部分中的“Thejurypraisedhimfordevelopingan

architecturalbeautybasedonlocalclimaticconditions.（评审团称赞他在当地气候条件的基础上

创造了建筑之美。）”和BalkrishnaDoshi部分中的“ThePritzkerjurysaidabouthisselection,

t6BalkrishnaDoshiconstantlydemonstratesthatallgoodarchitectureandurbanplanningmusttake

intoaccountfactorssuchasclimate.”（普利兹克评审团对他的选择说：“BalkrishnaDoshi不断证

明，所有优秀的建筑和城市规划都必须考虑气候等因素。”）”可知，DiCbCd。FrancisK&6和

BalkrishnaDoshi都认为建筑要考虑气候，也就是他们俩的设计理念是一样的。故选B。

3.

推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍了普利兹克建筑奖及其一些获奖者，并详细描述

了他们的建筑风格、成就以及对建筑界的贡献。这种类型的信息和文章通常出现在杂志或新

闻类出版物中，因为这些媒体会定期报道文化、艺术和社会事件。故选D。

4.D5.C6.D7.C

【导语】

本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过分享自己的经历、观察和思考，阐述了对“但是”这个词的

破坏性认识，以及言语的伤害。

4.

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Igrewupthinkingaslongaspeopledidn'tphysicallyhurteach

答案第1页，共14页

other,hurtfulwordsweretobetolerated,butIchangedmymindafterreadingLindaO'Connell's

story,TwoLittleWordswithaBigImpact.Shediscussedtwowords:"and"and"but”,and

explainedhow"but"canbeoneofthemostdestructivewords.（从小至!J大，我一直认为只要人们

不互相伤害，伤害性的话是可以容忍的，但在读了琳达・奥康奈尔的故事《两个小词大影响》

后，我改变了想法。她讨论了两个词：“和”和“但是"，并解释了“但是”如何成为最具破坏性

的词之一。）”可知，在读了琳达・奥康奈尔的故事《两个小词大影响》后，作者改变了对伤人

话语的态度。故选D。

5.

推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ThenIrealizedIhadbeenhurtbytheword"but”,andthatIhad

woundedothers,too,byusingthewordthoughtlessly.Forexample,whenIwasateacherand

editedmystudents9stories,Iwouldalwayssaytheircontentwasgood,butthenIwouldadd

commentssuchas"butyouneedtomakeyourcharactersmorerealistic.,,Icouldhavesaid,“Your

contentisgoodandmakingyourcharactersmorebelievablewillmakeitevenbetter.（然后我意识

到我被“但是”这个词伤害了，而且我也因为轻率地使用了这个词而伤害了别人。例如，当我

是一名教师，编辑我的学生的故事，我总是会说他们的内容很好，但我会添加评论，如“但

你需要让你的角色更真实。”我可以说，“你的内容很好，让你的角色更可信会让它变得更

好。可知，第二段中作者举例是为了告诉我们滥用“但是”会伤害别人。故选C。

6.

推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Igrewupthinkingaslongaspeopledidn'tphysicallyhurteach

other,hurtfulwordsweretobetolerated,butIchangedmymindafterreadingLindaO'Connell's

story,TwoLittleWordswithaBigImpact.（从小至!j大，我一直认为只要人们不互相伤害，伤害

性的话是可以容忍的，但在读了琳达・奥康奈尔的故事《两个小词大影响》后，我改变了想

法。）“和第二段"ThenIrealizedIhadbeenhurtbytheword"but”,andthatIhadwoundedothers,

too,byusingthewordthoughtlessly.（然后我意识到我被“但是”这个词伤害了,而且我也因为轻

率地使用了这个词而伤害了别人。）”可知，作者通过个人经历，特别是作为一名教师时对学

生作品的评价，认识到了“但是”这个词的破坏性，并且反思了自己过去无意中用这个词伤害

了他人的情况。这表明作者是一个关心他人，同时也善于自我反思的人。故选D。

7.

主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段"Myfourth-gradeteacher'squotewasaimedatwhatshethought

washarmlessplaygroundteasing,buteventeasinghurts.Today,wecanreadsadnewsrelatedto

答案第2页，共14页

manystorieswherepeoplehavebeenterriblyhurtbyuglywordsandsufferedalot.NowIrealize

theimportanceofthinkingbeforespeaking,eventoavoidseeminglyunimportantwordslike

“but."Sticksandstonesbreakourbones,butthoughtlesswordsalsodoharm.Theycanleave

marksforalifetime.（我四年级老师的这句话是针对她认为无害的操场上的玩笑，但即使是玩

笑也会伤人。今天，我们可以读到关于许多故事的悲伤新闻，人们被丑陋的话语严重伤害，

遭受了很多。现在我意识到说话前思考的重要性，甚至要避免像“但是”这样看似不重要的词。

棍棒和石头能打断我们的骨头，但轻率的言语也会伤害我们。它们会留下一辈子的印记。y

以及全文可知，本文主要讲述的是言语的重要性以及使用言语时需要慎重考虑。文章通过作

者的个人经历和思考，强调了即使是看似无关紧要的词语，如“但是”，也可能给他人带来伤

害。作者通过举例和反思，阐述了在言语表达时应该更加细心和体贴，避免使用可能造成伤

害的词语。因此，本文的主旨是强调使用言语时需要深思熟虑，以避免无意中对他人造成伤

害。故选c。

8.B9.C10.B11.A

【导语】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国宇航局两台强大的望远镜发现了迄今为止发现的最古老、

最遥远的黑洞。

8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“DatacollectedviaenergeticX-raysbytheChandraX-ray

ObservatoryandJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehashelpedastronomersspotthesignatureofa

growingblackholewithintheearlyuniversejust470millionyearsafterthebigbang,which

occurred13.8billionyearsago.（钱德拉X射线天文台和詹姆斯・韦伯太空望远镜通过高能X射

线收集的数据帮助天文学家发现了138亿年前大爆炸后4.7亿年早期宇宙中一个正在增长的

黑洞的特征。）''可知，新发现黑洞的可能年龄为13.8billion-0.47binion=13.33billion。故选B。

9.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段""WeneededWebbtofindthisremarkablydistantgalaxy（星

系）andChandratofinditssupermassiveblackhole,64saidleadstudyauthorAkosBogdan,ina

statement.9,Wealsotookadvantageofacosmicmagnifyingglass（宇宙放大镜）thatboostedthe

amountoflightwedetected.66Hewasreferringtoaneffectcalledgravitationallensing（弓|力透镜

效应），whichoccurswhencloserobjectsactlikeamagnifyingglassfordistantobjects.Gravity

essentiallytwistsandstrengthensthelightofdistantgalaxiesinthebackgroundofwhateveris

doingthemagnifying,enablingobservationsofotherwiseinvisiblefeatures.，我们需要韦伯来发

答案第3页，共14页

现这个非常遥远的星系，需要钱德拉来发现它的超大质量黑洞，”该研究的主要作者阿科

斯•波格丹在一份声明中说。我们还利用了一个宇宙放大镜来增加我们探测到的光的数量。

他指的是一种叫做引力透镜的效应，当较近的物体像放大镜一样放大远处的物体时，就会发

生这种效应。从本质上讲，引力扭曲并增强了背景中遥远星系的光，使人们能够观察到其他

不可见的特征。）”可知，第二段主要讲述了这一发现的贡献者。故选C。

10.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“AstronomersdetectedtheblackholeinagalaxycalledUHZ1.

Atfirstglance,thegalaxyappearedinthesamedirectionasaclusterofgalaxiesknownasAbell

2744,whichislocatedabout3.5billionlight-yearsfromEarth.ButdatacollectedbytheWebb

telescopeshowedthatUHZ1isactuallymuchfartherawayandlocatedbeyondtheclusterat13.2

billionlight-yearsfromEarth.（天文学家在一个名为UHZ1的星系中发现了这个黑洞。乍一看，

这个星系与一个名为Abell2744的星系团的方向相同，该星系团距离地球约35亿光年。但

韦伯望远镜收集的数据显示，UHZ1实际上要远得多，位于星系团之外，距离地球132亿光

年。）”可知，Abell2744的星系团距离地球约35亿光年，UHZ1星系团距离地球132亿光年，

并且UHZ1位于Abell2744的星系团之外，考虑到UHZ1星系团和Abell2744星系团到地球

的距离以及这两个星系团没有交集。故选B。

11.

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“TwopowerfulNASAtelescopeshavedetectedtheoldestandmost

distantblackholeeverfound.（美国宇航局两台强大的望远镜发现了迄今为止发现的最古老、

最遥远的黑洞。）”可知，文章主要讲述了最古老，最遥远的黑洞被发现。故选A。

12.A13.B14.C15.A

【导语】

本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题展开论述，分析了

当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现象，并强调了立法者需要

采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。

12.

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Instead,wehaveanecosystemofabuseinwhichhealth

technologycompaniesoperatelargelyoutsidethelawthatrequiresdoctorsandothermedical

personnel,hospitalsandinsurerstoprotectanindividual'shealthinformation4相反，我们有一个

滥用的生态系统，在这个生态系统中，医疗技术公司在很大程度上违反了要求医生和其他医

答案第4页，共14页

务人员、医院和保险公司保护个人健康信息的法律）”以及第三段“Thatmeanstechnology

companiescan-anddo——digyourdigitaldataforcluesaboutyourhealthstatus,accessing

informationlikeprescriptionsyouhavepurchasedandotherhealthservicesyoumighthave

sought,andpotentiallylinkthisinformationtoyourname,address,emailaddressandother

personallyidentifyinginformation.ThedatacanthenbeusedbyplatformsincludingFacebook

andGoogletohelpadvertiserstargetpromotionsorothercommunicationstoyou.（这意味着科技

公司可以——也确实做到了——挖掘你的数字数据，寻找你健康状况的线索，获取你购买的

处方和你可能寻求的其他健康服务等信息，并可能将这些信息与你的姓名、地址、电子邮件

地址和其他个人身份信息联系起来。然后，这些数据可以被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平

台使用，以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信）”可知，现在我们的个人健康信息没有得到

应有的保护，反而这些数据被包括Facebook和谷歌在内的平台使用，以帮助广告商向你定

向促销或其他通信。故选A。

13.

推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It