中考英语语法复习名词

九年级名词中考常考名词activity活动address地址advertisement广告advantageadviceabilityattention注意athlete运动员action行动balancebreak间歇，休息bottom底部business商业，生意background背景challenge挑战chancechangecollection收集物contribution贡献choicepetitioncause原因custom风俗condition条件，状况couragecare照顾，关心munication交流decisiondesign设计differencediscussionduty责任，义务distance距离description描述director导演，负责人dangerdifficultydirection说明，方向discovery发现degree学位，程度developmenteducationeffort努力energy能量，精力experiment实验expression表达environment环境excuse借口exhibition展览experienceexplanation解释，说明exampleexercise练习factfearfield田野，场地，领域feeling感觉fun乐趣friendship友谊fight战斗futureforce力，力量form形式，类型habithope希望hobbyhonour，honorhealthinformationidea想法，主意interest兴趣importance重要性inventioninvitation邀请interview面试，访谈instrument器械，乐器influence影响（力）introduction介绍instruction指示，命令job工作，职业joke笑话，玩笑journey（尤指长途）旅行，行程knowledge知识language语言laughter笑，笑声lesson课程，教训 level水平life（lives）生命，生活list名单，清单luck幸运，运气meaning意义，意思member成员mess杂乱 mood心情messagemethodmind头脑，心智naturenumber号码，数字newsnoisenote笔记 notice通知offer提议，出价object物体，物品opinionorderopportunity机会organization机构painpatience耐心peace和平protection保护praise表扬patient病人progress进步problempromisepresent现在，礼物prideprice价格pity遗憾pleasure高兴，愉快reasonrelation关系result结果report报告research研究，调查ruleregret遗憾，懊悔relationship关系reply回复service服务shape形状；外形stranger陌生人safetysaying格言secret秘密sight视力，景象style样式，款式supportsign标志silence沉默skill技艺，技巧successsuggestionsense感觉situation情况technology技术tourist游客traditiontraffictroubletask任务taste味觉，品味temperature温度trade贸易treat款待，招待truth实情thought思想，思考voice嗓音volunteer志愿者valuevictory胜利wastewishway方式，道路worry担心，担忧wealth财富weight重量名词定义：表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。知识框架：知识框架：一、可数名词及其单复数1、概念:一般来说,所表示的事物或人可以用数目来计算的名词,称为可数名词。2、可数名词的复数形式（规则变化）一般情况下加scakecakes，daydaysstudentstudents，bedbeds以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词bus ，boxwatch ，dish，brush以辅音字母加y结尾的名词city ，family以元音字母加y结尾的名词加sboyboys，monkeymonkeys，daydays部分以f,fe结尾的名词把f/fe改成vesleaf ， wolf－wolveslife－ ， thief－thieves，knife－knives口诀：口诀：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌,躲在架后(shelf)保己(self)命，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。3、特殊变化的可数名词“某国人”中国人，单Chinese 复日本人，单Japanese 复英国人，单Englishman法国人，单Frenchman复德国人，单German 复美国人，单American复口诀：改变名词中的元音字母或部分元音字母manmen, toothteeth, goosegeesefootfeet,单复数同形fishfish, sheepsheep, deerdeer其它形式oxoxen, childchildren， mousemice初中o结尾,复数加esnegroes（黑人）， heroes，tomatoes，potatoes，mangoes口诀：4、注意：①数词名词（形容词）形式，中间的名词不能用复数；Eg: fiveyearold（也可以说有连字符，中间不能用复数）=②woman和man作为定语修饰另外一个名词时，两者都要变复数；一般合成词，只将后者变复数。Eg：mandoctor——appletree——③集体名词:表示由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,team,group,army等。集体名词作主语,如视为整体,谓语动词用单数。如视为个体成员,谓语动词用复数。Eg: OurteamneedsmoneytoplayinanotherMyfamilyareverywell.④常复数式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shorts, socks, scissors练习：1、Hereethree .A.Germenteacher B.GermansteacherC.Germensteachers D.German2、Nearourschooltherearethree .A.toyfactory B.toyfactoriesC.toysfactory D.toys3、Couldyoutake forthese ?Theyareverybeautiful.A.anyphotos;tomatoes B.somephotos;tomatoesC.somephotos;tomatos D.anyphoto;tomatoes二、不可数名词的用法1、概念：物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。2、用法：①（没有量词的情况下）不能与a/an或者数字连用，表示特指时可与定冠词the连用。②结构：“数词+量词+of+名词”注意：量词有数的变化。常见量词有：piece,cup,bag,bottle,glass,box,bowl,plate,set,kind等。Eg: （一则新闻）; （三杯水）☆③（1）修饰可数名词和不可数名词的数量词有： , , plentyof, , 等。只用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有： , agreatdealof, abitof, agreatamountof, , 等。只用来的数量词有：many， ， ， 等3、常见的不可数名词：news,advice,information,fun,space,,homework,time（时间）,money,paper,food,meat,fish(鱼肉),chicken,pork,beef,mutton,orange果汁),milk,tea,rice,bread,ice,rain,wind,cloud,air,math,Chinese,English,music,work(工作),room(空间)，furniture【中考真题】（ ）1.Allthe aremadeof ,notplastics.A.glass;glass B.glasses,glass C.glasses,glasses D.glass,glasses（ ）2.Jennygaveus onhowtoimproveEnglish.A.someadvice B.manyadvices C.someadvices D.anadvice4、某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。名词可数不可数work作品工作weight砝码体重orange橘子橙汁，橙色room房间空间chicken小鸡（单数chick）鸡肉time次数时间exercise练习锻炼（体操）experience经历经验glass玻璃杯玻璃名词所有格s’s’所有格 有生命在词尾加’s/’of所有格无生命of+名词/代词of+s’所有格双重所有格of+名词性物主代词1、名词所有格有生命①单数名词或者不以“s”结尾的复数名词，其名词所有格形式: Eg：②以“s”结尾的复数名词，其名词所有格形式: ’Eg：2、表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格，也可以加’s或’构成。Eg: amile'sdistance 一英里的距离twentyfivepounds'weight 二十五磅的重量today'snewspaper 今天的报纸afivedaytrip =afivedaystrip 五天的旅程3、表示商铺、某人的家、诊所、或餐馆等的名词所有格,其后名词可以省略。atmyuncle's在我叔叔的家里 atthedoctor's在医生的诊所里4、表示一件东西为多人共,有只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s ;若表示各自所有,则需在每个名字后都加’s;表示共有，谓语动词；表示各自所有，谓语动词用 。Eg：AlanandAmy'sputer (be)verybeautiful.Alan'sandAmy'sputers (be)very5、名词所有格无生命表示无生命东西的所有关系，of所有格有“of+名词/代词”构成Eg: 房间的门6、双重所有格（1）of+名词所有格（'s）他是你爸爸的一个朋友。 （2）of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词：他是她的一个朋友。 名词性物主代词：一、语法选择。AHaveyoueverreadthenovelTheAdventureofSawyer?HaveyoueverbeentoaplacecalledHannibal?EveryvisitorsfromallovertheworldetoHannibal,Missouri,foraspecialeventNationalSawyerDays.Theeventcelebratesthegreatwriter1wasnamedMarkMarkspenthischildhood2Hannibal,livingthereforabout10years,andhiscreationwas3littlenaughtyboyTomSawyer.Theeventisgreatfun.Amongthemanyinterestingcontests,4oneisthenationalFencePaintingContest.Wheredoesthiscontestefrom?Ofcourse,5esfromthefamousstorySawyerPaintstheFence".ManystatesintheUSA6thefencepaintingconteststhroughouttheyearandsendtheirwinnerstoHannibalforthenationalFencePaintingContest.Tentothirteenyearold“TomSawyers”7onthreeparts:first，theclothestheywear；second，howfasttheypaintthefence；third，how8winnerwillgetatrophy（奖品）.Everybodyisveryexcitedwhilewatchingtheevent.Besidesthefencepaintingcontest,thereisanotherinterestingeventtheandBeckyContest.Thecontestisopenonlyformiddleschoolstudents.Thestudents9passtwoexams.see,beingaorBeckyisnotAlthoughthestoryofSawyerisfictional,10it'sbasedonfactanditbringsalotoffun.IfyougotoHannibal,you'llseethewhitefencewhichstillstandsinfrontofboyhoodhome.( )1.A.whom( )2.A.for( B.whoB.onB.anC.whichC.withC.theD.whatD.inD./( )4.A.famousB.morefamousC.themorefamousD.themostfamous( )5.A.itB.theyC.thisD.that( ))6.A.heldB.holdC.holdsD.areholding( )7.A.judgeB.judgedC.werejudgedD.arejudged( )8.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best( )9.A.mustB.mayC.canD.could( )10.A.butB.soC.asD./BNowadaysmanypeoplegetusedtowastingthings,especiallyyoungpeople.Intheschool,wastecanbeseeneverywhere.Somestudentsask1morefoodthantheycaneatandothersoftenforgettoturnoffthelights2theyleavetheclassroom.canbringalotofproblems.SomeonesaysChinaisrichinsomeresources,suchascoal,oil,treesandsoon.Somepeopleevensay"3richourcountryis!"Butactuallywe4nocoaloroiltousein100yearsifwegoonwasting.reallyfeel5aboutwhatwecanuseinthefuture.can'timagine6wecangoonlivingwithouttheseresources.Thinkaboutit7.Ithinkweshouldsay"no"tothestudents8wastethingseveryInourdailylife,wecandothings9wastefromhappening.Forexample,weshouldturnofftapsafterusingthem.Don'tthrowtheusedpaperbecausewecanrecycleit.Let'sstartoutsmallfromnowon.Littlebylittle,everythingwillbechanged.canbestoppedonedayifwedo10best.Thenaturewillbemoreharmoniousandourcountrywillbeemoreandmorebeautiful.( )1.A.about( )2.A.afterB.ofB.beforeC.withC.sinceD.forD.whether( )3.A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata( )4.A.haveB.hadC.havehadD.willhave( )5.A.worryB.worriesC.worriedD.worriedly( )6.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.how( )7.A.careB.carefulnessC.carefullyD.careful( )8.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.which( )9.A.stopB.tostopC.stoppingD.stopped( )10.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours二、阅读下面一篇关于交通安全的短文。请你根据文章内容，回答后面的问题。childrendon'thavetheskillsorknowledgetostaysafeinheavytraffic.Thefollowing忠告）willbehelpfulforyoutokeepyourchildrensafeinheavytraffic.Childrenlearnaboutroadsafetybywatchingothers.Asparents，makesurethatyoualwayssetgoodchildrenwillfollowyouandthinkit'sOKtodolikeyourchildrentopayattentiontotrafficlightswhenyoucrosstheroadtogetherwiththem.Thishelpsthemunderstandwhenit'ssafetocross.Makesurethatyouwalkbetweenyourchildrenandtraffic，andholdtheirhandsallthetime.Whenyourchildrenarealittleolder,youcanstarttotellthemtheimportanceoftrafficknowledge.Letthemstarttounderstandthereasonswhytheyneedtobesocareful.Talkwiththemaboutroadsignsandtrafficrules.Askyourchildrentoplayinasafeplace.Neverletthemridebikesontheroadwithoutanadultpresentatrushhours.Themostimportantthingyoucandoistokeepyourchildrenfromgettinghurt,soparentsencouragethemtofollowtrafficrules.Afterknowingabouttrafficrules,they'llvolunteertoobeythem.Inthisway,they'llbecarefulenoughtokeepthems