高中一轮复习英语选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Unit3Inventorsandinventions一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．patentn． 专利证书；专利权2．courtyardn. 院子；庭院；天井3．walnutn. 胡桃；胡桃木4．powdern. 粉末；火药5．perfumen. 香水；香味[第二屏听写]6．versionn． 版本；译本7．extensionn. 分机；扩大；延伸8．trianglen. 三角形；三角形物体9．criterionn．(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度10．stringn. 线；绳子；一串11．gluen. 胶；胶水vt. 粘贴；粘合[第三屏听写]12．greengrocern． 蔬菜水果商(pl.) 蔬菜水果店13．refrigeratorn. 冰箱14．jamn. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱15．microphonen. 麦克风；话筒16．multipleadj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的n. 倍数[第四屏听写]17．dynamicadj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的； 动态的；发展变化的18．personneln. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员19．helicoptern. 直升飞机20．cuben. 立方体；立方21．cubicadj. 立方的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第五屏听写]1．distinguishvi.&vt. 显示……的差别； 使……有所不同；辨别2．merciful_adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的3．productn. 产品4．abruptadj. 突然的；意外的5．abruptlyadv. 突然地；唐突地[第六屏听写]6．convenientadj. 便利的；方便的；就近的7．cautionn. 小心；谨慎8．expectationn. 预料；期待；期望9．passiveadj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的10．merryadj. 愉快的；高兴的[第七屏听写]11．merrilyadv. 高兴地；愉快地12．seizevt. 抓住；捉住；夺13．recognitionn. 认出；认可；承认14．claimn．&vt. 要求；声称；主张15．filen. 文件；档案；文件夹vt. 提交；将……归档[第八屏听写]16．petencen． 能力；胜任；本领17．validadj. 有效的；确凿的18．ripeadj. 熟的；成熟的19．freezingadj. 冰冻的；严寒的20．identificationn. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明[第九屏听写]21．dialvt. 拨()22．rainfall_n. 降雨23．innocentadj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的24．bearvt. 忍受；忍耐；负担25．foreheadn. 额头26．occasionallyadv. 偶然地；不时地[第十屏听写]27．tapvt.&vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头28．currentn. (水或气)流；电流adj. 现在的；当前的29．stableadj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的30．invaluableadj. 无价的；极宝贵的31．associatevt. 联想；联系n. 同伴；伙伴[第十一屏听写]32．practical_adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的33．directoryn. 簿；商行名录34．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入35．set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做)36．call_up 给……打37．now_and_then 偶尔；有时38．set_about 开始；着手[第十二屏听写]39．hang_on_ 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住40．out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障41．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通)； (设法)做完；通过42．ring_back 回复43．ring_off_ 挂断二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)1.patentn．专利证书；专利权2.courtyardn.院子；庭院；天井3.perfumen.香水；香味4.cuben.立方体；立方5.cubicadj.立方的6.stringn.线；绳子；一串7.greengrocern.蔬菜水果商；蔬菜水果店8.jamn.堵塞；阻塞；果酱9.microphonen.麦克风；话筒10.dynamicadj.充满活力的；精力充沛的11.personneln.人力资源；人事部；全体人员12.multipleadj.多种的；多样的；多类型的n.倍数13.extensionn.分机；扩大；延伸Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)1.foreheadn.额头2.validadj.有效的；确凿的3.ripeadj.成熟的；熟的4.passiveadj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的5.invaluableadj.无价的；极宝贵的6.directoryn.簿；商行名录7.rainfalln.降雨核心单词练通1.Iseized(抓住)theopportunitytopractisemyspokenEnglish.2.Youneedspecialsoftwaretoviewtheinformationinthe_file(s)(文件)．3.Nowadaysmanyoldpeoplehavetobear(忍受)miserablelonelinessaftertheirsonsordaughtersleavehomeforwork.4.Thesuspecttapped(轻敲)thetablenervouslywithfingerstohidehisfearinside.5.Webelievethatonlyastable(稳定的)andfullyconfidentmiddleclasswillguaranteethestabilityandprosperityofHongKong.6.Thenewsonsmartphonessavespeoplemuchtimereadingthroughnewspapersforcurrent(当前的)affairs.7.Idialed(拨打)120andwaitedthereuntilshewastakentohospital.8.Twenty­fivepercentofthestudentsclaimed(声称)thatitisthefamilygenesthataretoblame.9.Theabrupt(突然的)changeoftheclimatehasdrawnworldwideattentiontothebenefitofgreenenergy.10.Youcouldhearthemsinginganddancingmerrily(高兴地)outinthestreet.拓展单词用活[记全记牢]1.distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguishedadj.著名的；卓越的；杰出的2.mercifuladj.宽大的；慈悲的；仁慈的→mercilessadj.残忍的；无情的→mercyn．宽恕；仁慈3.productn．产品→producev．生产→producern．生产者；制片人4.convenientadj.便利的；方便的；就近的→conveniencen．方便；便利→convenientlyadv.便利地5.cautionn．小心；谨慎→cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiouslyadv.小心地；谨慎地6.expectationn．预料；期待；期望→expectv．预料；期待；期望；认为7.recognitionn．认出；认可；承认→recognizevt.认出；识别；承认8.freezingadj.冰冻的；严寒的→freezev．冰冻→frozenadj.冻结的9.identificationn．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明→identityn．身份；同一性→identicaladj.同一的；完全相同的→identifyv．确定；鉴别10.innocentadj.清白的；天真的；无罪的→innocencen．天真；清白11.occasionallyadv.偶然地；不时地→occasionaladj.偶然的→occasionn．时机；机会；场合12.associatevt.联想；联系n．同伴；伙伴→associationn．联系；联盟；协会13.practicaladj.实际的；实践的；实用的→practicen．实践；练习v．练习；训练14petencen．能力；胜任；本领→petentadj.能胜任的；称职的；有能力的[用准用活]1.Childrenareinnocent,_asafutureteacherIhaveachildlike_innocenceandIwillreallylovethem.(innocent)2.Heisacautiousmanandisalwaysdoingthingswithcaution.Youshouldgetonwithhimcautiously.(caution)3.YoucanvisitProfessorLiwhenitisconvenient,_thatis,athisconvenience.Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebusstop.(convenient)4.Inwesterncountries,thenumber“thirteen”isusuallyassociatedwithbadluck,butactuallythereisn’tanyassociationbetweenthem.(associate)5.Heissuchamercifulmanandalwayshasmercyonthosehomelessanimalsbutsometimeshecanbemercilesstothosehedoesn’tlike.(mercy)6.Thedogwaggeditstailinexpectationofabonebutwasexpectedtogoout.(expect)7.Itisfreezingoutsidenow,andmoresnowisfallingonalreadyfrozenstreets.(freeze)8.Thisismyoccasional_visittothethemepark,inwhichIoccasionallymeetthecartooncharactersIlikemost.(occasion)9.AlthoughtherearemanypracticaldifficultiesinlearningoralEnglish,youmustkeeppracticingspeakingeveryday.(practice)⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.后缀­ive形容词集锦①active主动的②passive被动的③positive积极的④negative消极的⑤subjective主观的⑥objective客观的2.表示“抓住”的相关动词一览①seize抓住；捉住②catch抓住；接住③grasp抓住；掌握④clutch抓住；紧握⑤capture抓住；俘获⑥grapple抓住；格斗3.含fore­前缀的单词面面观①foreheadn．额头②forearmn.前臂③forecastvt.预报④foreseevt.预见；预知⑤forewordn.前言⑥foretellv.预言；预示(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高先写对再用准第一组1.call_up给……打；使想起2.now_and_then偶尔；有时3.dive_into一心投入；迅速把手伸入4.ring_off挂断5.hang_on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住XiaoMingalwaysdreamsofinventinganewmobilephonethatdoesn’tdoharmtopeople’seyes.He①dives_intohisdreaminginventionsafterschooleveryday.②Now_and_thenhe③calls_uphisscienceteachertoconsultsomequestions.Histeachernever④rings_offuntilXiaoMinggetsasatisfyinganswer.第二组1.set_about开始；着手2.set_out_(to_do)开始(做)3.out_of_order次序颠倒；发生故障4.get_through设法联系上(尤指打通)；(设法)做完；通过；度过5.ring_back回复Lastyear,XiaoMing①set_aboutdesigninghisnewmobilephoneafterhefiguredoutallthepuzzlingproblems.Hedid②get_throughalotofpainsduringhiswork.Tohispain,thephoneheisusingnowisoften③out_of_order,_especiallywhenhe④ringsothersback.Howhehopestoinventhisnewphoneearlier！⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.“v.＋into”短语荟萃①diveinto一心投入②burstinto突然闯入③runinto撞上④lookinto调查⑤knockinto撞上⑥breakinto破门而入2.“偶尔；有时”词汇全接触①nowandthen偶尔；有时②nowandagain有时；时而③fromtimetotime有时；偶尔④attimes偶尔；有时⑤onceinawhile偶尔；有时⑥onoccasion偶尔；有时3.“动词＋back”短语一览①takeback拿回；撤销②bringback带回；使恢复③lookback回顾④dateback追溯到⑤keepback隐瞒；忍住⑥holdback控制住(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高背原句明句式学仿写1.Betweentheoutsideandtheinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeswhencooled.在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。“连词＋过去分词”省略结构。一旦曝光，胶卷就会被损坏而不能用了。Once_exposed_to_light,_thefilmwillbedamagedandgetuseless.2.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。so...that...引导结果状语从句。他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。Hisinventionwasso_practical_thathesoongotapatent.3.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。祈使句＋and＋陈述句。好好学习，天天向上。Study_hard_and_you_will_make_progress_everyday.考点新组合阅读微技能TobeatrueinventorCanyoudistinguishdiscoveryandinvention?Adiscoveryissaidtobeanaccidentmeetingapreparedmind________❶inventionissomethingonefindsthatdidnotexistbefore.Asweknow,inventorsoftenassociatetheirnewideas________❷theirnewinventionseon,andyoucanalsoinventyournewthingsjustlikeAlexanderGrahamBellandThomasEdison❸.1.①处可填入的词为while，表示前后对比，意为“而”。2．②处可填入的词为with;_它与associate构成的短语可以用connect...with...;link...to...等来替换。3．③处的句式结构为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。1．distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别(1)distinguishbetweenAandB 区分A和Bdistinguish...from... 把……与……区分开来distinguishoneselfas 作为……而出名(2)distinguishedadj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor... 因……而出名bedistinguishedas... 作为……而出名[题点全练]单句语法填空①It’simportanttodistinguishrealityfromdreams.②Readinggoodbookscannotonlyenrichourmindsbutalsoteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.③Asfarasweallknow,LangPinghasalreadydistinguishedherselfas_agreatvolleyballcoachintheworld.④Ontheotherhand,ShanghaiMuseum,awell­knownanddistinguished(distinguish)museumathomeandabroad,ismoreprofessionalinholdingpaintingexhibitions.⑤WeallknowthatYuanLongpingisdistinguishedforhisscientificachievements.2．associatevt.联想；联系n．同伴，伙伴(1)associate...with... 使……与……联系起来associatewithsb. 与某人交往/联系beassociatedwith 与……有关(2)associationn. 联系；联盟；协会inassociationwith 与……联合/有关联[多角练透]单句语法填空①Ifyouassociatewithpositive­thinkingpeople,youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.②Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhichareassociated(associate)withsmoking.补全句子③Weareworkingin_association_withalocalpanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.我们正与一家当地公司联合为无家可归的人筹钱。3．“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句(2)祈使句＋or/orelse/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句①Follow_your_doctor’s_advice,_andyouwillgetbettersoon.接受医生的建议，你很快就会好的。②Don’tleaveyourbikehere,or_you_will_be_fined.不要把你的自行车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。③A_few_minutes_earlier,_andIcouldhaveseenthefamousscientist.要是早来几分钟的话，我就能见到那位著名科学家了。考点新组合阅读微技能TobeatrueinventorIfyoucan’tbear❶theinconveniencethatsomethingbringstoyou,youcangetyourselfthroughthedifficultiesandinventsomethingmoreconvenient.Moreimportantly,don’tforgettocallthepatentofficeupbeforeyouapplyforthepatent.Apatentisanexclusiverightgrantedbythegovernmentandcanprotecttheinventor’sinterests.Inthissense,youareatrueinventor.1.①处单词bear的意思是“忍受”，它的同义表达还有：stand;_tolerate;_put_up_with等。2．Whatshouldyoudofirstifyouinventsomething？(D)A．Beartheinconveniencebroughtbytheoldthings.B．Getyourselfthroughthedifficulties.C．Inventsomethingmoreconvenient.D．Applytothepatentofficeforthepatent.4．bearvt.忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实[练牢基点]写出下列句中bear的含义①WhydoIhavetobearallthecostsofrepair？负担；承担②Hecan’tbearbeinglaughedatinpublic.忍受③Shedidbearahealthybabyinhospitalyesterday.生育④Someofthenewly­plantedappletreeshavealsobeguntobear.结果实[系统考点](1)beardoing/todosth.忍受做某事bearsb./sb.’sdoingsth. 忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keepsth.inmind 记住某事bear/keepinmindthat... 记住……[练通重点]单句语法填空⑤Ican’tbearyoungpeoplecasting_(cast)awaytheiryouth.⑥Pleasebearinmindthatsuccessesfromhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.5．getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽[一词多义]写出下列句中getthrough的含义①Mynewsecretaryisveryquick.Shegotthroughalotofworkinonemorning.设法做完②Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausehistelephonewasoutofordernowandthen.打通③Luckily,thegapinthefencewasjustwideenoughforthesheeptogetthrough.通过④Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.用完[归纳拓展]get(sth.)across(tosb.) (使某事)被(某人)理解getalongwithsb. 与某人相处；进展getawaywithsth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚getdownto(doing)sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事getover 熬过；克服(困难)⑤AccordingtoLee,itwasBen’scarelessnessthataccountedfortheaccident.ButBengot_away_withhiswrongdoing.根据Lee所说的，正是Ben的粗心才导致了那场事故。但是，Ben侥幸逃脱了罪责。6．callup给……打；使想起[归纳拓展]❶calloff 取消；停止进行❷callfor 要求；呼吁；需要❸callat 拜访(某地)❹callon/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求[应用领悟]①Thephotocallsupthestoryofmychildhood.这张照片使我想起童年时代。②Don’tletanythingcalloffyourattentionfromyourstudies.不要让别的事转移你学习的注意力。③Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.在学校的成功需要付出大量的辛勤工作。[单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thespeechmainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhavedistinguishing(distinguish)betweenrightandwrong.2．Bearing(bear)aheavyburden,shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.3．Weallhaveanexpectation_(expect)thatwecanbeadmittedtoourownidealuniversities.4．Ifweareblindtoourownfaults,wewillnotbeverymerciful_(mercy)towardsothers.5．Wehopethatyouwillacceptourinvitationifitisconvenient_(convenience)foryou.6．Theserviceoffersyoungpeoplepractical(practice)adviceonfindingajob.7．Theexhibitionwasorganizedbytheschoolinassociation(associate)withlocalartists.8．Theblindmantapped(tap)hiscaneonthesidewalkandwalkedtothesupermarket.9．Thefatheraswellashisthreechildrengoesskatingonthefrozen(freeze)rivereverySundayafternooninwinter.10．Inmyopinion,onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyandseizing(seize)opportunitiescanonesucceed.Ⅱ.选词填空outoforder，hangon，getthrough，ringoff，nowandthen，diveinto，setabout，callup1．Iknowyouaretired,buttrytohang_onaminute.2．WhenIaskedifIwasspeakingtothemanagerhesimplyrang_off.3．Alotofpeopledived_intothelakeinsearchofthelostdiamondring.4．Assoonasshegotintotheclassroom,sheset_about_preparingforthelessons.5．Wewereverygladwhenweheardthatyouhadgot_throughyourexam.6．Icheckedthefilesandsomeofthepaperswereout_of_order.Youhadbettersortthemout.7．ThestudentsgotovisittheirEnglishteachernow_and_thenwhoretiredfromschoollastyear.8．AsIgrewupinasmalltownatthefootofamountain,thevisittothevillagecalled_upscenesofmychildhood.Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子1．课堂上认真听老师讲课，否则你就无法理解老师说的是什么。(祈使句＋or＋陈述句)Listen_to_the_teacher_carefully_in_class,_or_you_can’t_catchwhatheissaying.2．白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国人永远地记住了。(so...that...)DoctorBethune_saved_so_many_Chinese_soldiers’_lives_that_he_was_remembered_byChineseforever.3.除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。(连词＋分词)Unless_changed,_thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.4．这个世界上对他来说似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。(thereseem...)There_seems_to_be_nothing_that_seems_impossible_for_him_in_the_world.5．只有所有国家的人们联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的一些问题。(only位于句首的倒装句)Only_if_people_of_all_the_countries_are_united_will_we_be_able_to_solve/can_we_solvesomeexistingproblemsintheworld.Ⅳ.句型转换1．WeallknowthatHangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.→WeallknowthatHangzhouis_distinguished_fortheWestLake.2．Butwhenhesetouttodoit,hecametoasuddenawarenessthatnothingissoeasy.→Butwhenheset_about_doing_it,_hecametoasuddenawarenessthatnothingissoeasy.3．Pleaselearnbyheart:Successesfromhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.→Pleasebear_in_mind:_Successesfromhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.4．Thesoundofmusicremindedhimofhishappymemoriesofhischildhood.→Thesoundofmusiccalled_uphishappymemoriesofhischildhood.[高考拆组训练]练(一)语言运用组块专练——练准度(限时：25分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空Resealable(可密封的)plasticbags—sometimescalledbyabrandname,suchasZiploc®—arethoselittleclearplasticbagsyouusetokeepyoursandwichesandchipsfresh.Theyusuallyhavesomesortofsealingmechanism,likeaplasticzipper,whichallowsyoutosealthebagtokeep__1__out.Keepingairawayfrom__2__allowsthemtostayfreshlonger.Bacteriaandotherorganismsintheairwill__3__fooditemsovertimeifallowedtoeinto__4__withthem.Sealedplasticbagskeeptheseorganisms__5__gettingtoyourfood.Resealableplasticbagscanbeusedformorethanjust__6__sandwiches,chipsandsnackstoschoolforlunch.They’realsousedtokeepleftovers__7__intherefrigerator.Manypeoplealsousethemto__8__foodinthefreezerforuseinthefuture.The__9__oftheresealableplasticbagstartedoutin1951atapanynamedFlexigrip,Inc.Flexigrip__10__aplasticzipperfrompatentswhichwasboughtfrom__11__BorgeMadsen.Thesezipperswere__12__usedaspartsofbindersandbriefcases.Overtime,__13__，plasticzipperbagsweredeveloped.Eventually,in1968,DowChemicalpany__14__tomarketitsZiploc®brandofresealableplasticbagstogrocerystores.Theyturnedouttobevery__15__.Today,thesetypesofbagsare__16__inmanydifferentsizesandstyles,fromsnackandsandwichbagstocraftandfreezerbags.Youcanalsobuybagswithexpandablebottomsthat__17__ontheirown.Somebagsevenallowyouto__18__foodinthemicrowave!However,nowmanypeopletrytouse__19__plasticbecauseofitseffectontheenvironment.Somanufacturersofresealableplasticbagshavetaken__20__tobeemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了可密封塑料袋的用途及发展史。同时指出，为了减少污染，这种塑料袋的生产厂家也采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。1．A.air B．waterC．dust D．fog解析：选A由第二段开头的“Keepingairaway”可知，此处指把空气阻挡在外面。2．A.plants B．containersC．bags D．foods解析：选D根据下文中的“Bacteriaandotherorganismsintheairwill__3__fooditemsovertime”可知，此处指让空气和食物隔离，以便食物保鲜的时间长些，故选foods。3．A.bringin B．takeoutC．breakdown D．dealwith解析：选C空气中细菌和其他微生物会分解食物导致食物变质。breakdown意为“分解”。4．A.relation B．contactC．connection D．contract解析：选B如果细菌和其他微生物与食物接触，食物将会很快变质。contact意为“接触”；relation意为“关系”；connection意为“连接”；contract意为“合同”。5．A.from B．againstC．through D．beyond解析：选Akeep...from...为固定搭配，意为“阻止……”。6．A.following B．presentingC．supplying D．transporting解析：选D下文中的“toschoolforlunch”说明，此处指携带食物到学校。7．A.wet B．freshC．thin D．hard解析：选B根据句中的“intherefrigerator”及生活常识可知，它们也被用来保持剩余的食物新鲜。8．A.store B．cookC．share D．produce解析：选A本段主要介绍可密封塑料袋能用来保存食物，因此这里指储存食物。9．A.result B．humourC．history D．success解析：选C根据下文中的“startedoutin1951atapanynamedFlexigrip,Inc”可知，此处提到这种可密封塑料袋的历史。10．A.discovered B．developedC．spread D．approved解析：选B此处表示买了专利以后，研发了塑料拉链。11．A.writer B．teacherC．doctor D．inventor解析：选D句中patents说明，博尔格·马森是一位发明家。12．A.eventually B．frequentlyC．originally D．naturally解析：选C根据下文中的“Overtime,__13__，plasticzipperbagsweredeveloped.”可知，此处谈的是塑料拉链袋的最初情况，故选originally。eventually意为“终于”。13．A.however B．besidesC．therefore D．otherwise解析：选A最初，塑料拉链袋的用途很少，后来它得到了发展。此处表示转折。14．A.agreed B．beganC．promised D．preferred解析：选B最后，陶氏化学公司开始将塑料拉链袋投入市场。15．A.necessary B．famousC．funny D．popular解析：选D文章介绍了这种塑料袋的发展。它也很受欢迎。16．A.precious B．expensiveC．available D．fashionable解析：选C根据“inmanydifferentsizesandstyles,fromsnackandsandwichbagstocraftandfreezerbags”可知，这些袋子有很多不同的尺寸和样式，在很多地方可以使用。17．A.move B．standC．float D．remain解析：选B根据句中的“bagswithexpandablebottoms”可知，袋子底部可伸展，因此它能竖起来。18．A.heat B．tasteC．find D．purchase解析：选A根据“inthemicrowave”可知，把食物放入微波炉中，为的是给食物加热。19．A.more B．smallerC．larger D．less解析：选D根据“becauseofitseffectontheenvironment”可知，人们现在尽量少使用塑料袋。20．A.chances B．stepsC．photos D．orders解析：选B他们已经采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。takesteps意为“采取措施”。Ⅱ.语法填空Scientistshavediscoveredthat__1__(stay)inthecoldcouldhelpusloseweight.ResearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthatexposuretothecoldincreaseslevelsofaproteinthathelpsformbrownfat—thetypeoffatthatproducesheatandkeepsuswarm.Brownfatburnsenergy,__2__helpsusloseweight.Whitefatstoresextraenergy,whichresults__3__weightgain.Theresearcherssaidthatbecauseairconditioningandheatinggiveusconstant,__4__(fort)temperatures,ourbody’sneedforbrownfathasdecreased.Theyfoundthat,“OutdoorworkersinnorthernFinlandwho__5__(expose)tocoldtemperaturehave__6__significantamountofbrownfatwhen__7__(pare)tosame­agedindoorworkers.”Theresearchwasconductedontwodifferentcontrolgroupsofmice.__8__groupwasinjectedwiththeproteinthathelpscreatebrownfat.Thisgrouplatergained30%lessweightafterbothgroupswerefedhigh­fatdiets.Theresearcherssaythiscouldbegoodnewsinthefightagainstobesity(肥胖症).Peoplewhoareobesehave__9__(low)levelsofbrownfatthanthinnerpeople.HeadresearcherHeiSookSulsaid,“Thisproteincouldbeeanimportanttargetforresearchintothetreatmentandpreventionofobesityandobesity­relateddiseases.”Sheadded,“Ifyoucansomehowincreaselevelsofthisprotein,youcould__10__(possible)losemoreweightevenifeatingthesameamountoffood.”eq\x(语篇解读：科学家发现在寒冷的环境下有助于减肥。)1．staying本句是“主句＋宾语从句”结构，从句中couldhelp是谓语部分，故stay是非谓语动词，作主语应用动名词形式表示状态。2．which空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which指代前句话的内容。3．inresultin“导致，造成”。故填in。4．fortable此处是和constant并列作temperatures的定语，故用形容词形式。5．areexposedexpose是及物动词，句中没有宾语，判断用被动形式。beexposedto“暴露在……之下”，根据主谓一致原则，填areexposed。6．aasignificantamountof“大量的”。故填a。7．pared此处是“连词＋分词”结构，pare和句子主语outdoorworkers之间是被动关系，用过去分词，填pared。8．One从上文内容可知此处指两组中的一组，因位于句首，故填One。9．lower修饰名词levels，用形容词，根据句中than可知此处用比较级，故填lower。10．possibly修饰动词lose用副词形式，故填possibly。练(二)第四部分写作增分专练——练规范(限时：40分钟)Ⅰ.应用文写作假如你校这个周末举行60年校庆，校团委发出通知要招聘一批志愿者，要求如下：1．具有为校庆服务的热情，能为各方来宾做好服务工作；2．对学校历史比较了解，有较好的沟通能力，能作学校文化的传播者；3．汉语及英语标准，身体健康，周末每天工作8小时。假设你是李华，具备以上条件，请用英语写一封申请信。注意：1.词数80左右；2．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：60年校庆the60thanniversaryofourschoolDearSirorMadam，Yourssincerely，LiHua参考范文：DearSirorMadam，Withtheingofthe60thanniversaryofourschool,I’dliketobeavolunteer.I’lltrymybesttoserveourdistinguishedguestswithenthusiasm.Ihaveagoodunderstandingofourschool.IamsureI’llnotonlyoffergoodservicetotheguests,butI’llalsoactasanexcellentmunicatorofourschool’shistoryandculture.What’smore,Icanspeakstanda