25选择性必修四Unit1Honestyandreponsibility背诵清单（含练习与答案）-2025年高考英语一轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括（译林版2020）

选择性必修四Unit1Honestyandresponsibility知识背诵清单一、背重点单词1.______________adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于2.______________vt.概述，略述n.概述；轮廓线，略图3.______________n.&vt.逮捕，拘捕4.______________adv.不过，总之；尽管如此；而且；随便地5.______________n.(义务、责任等的)重担，负担6.______________vt.&vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)7.______________vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊8.______________vt.包，裹；用……缠绕n.披肩，围巾；包裹材料9.______________vi.&vt,假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为10.______________n.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待11.______________vt.&vi.播种，种12.______________n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割vt.&vi.收割，捕猎答案：1.keen2.outline3.arrest4.anyhow5.burden6.forgive7.cheat8.wrap9.pretend10.privilege11.sow12.harvest二、用核心词汇1.appointw.约定，指定，确定；任命，委任→_________________adj.约定的，指定的→_________________n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务2.relyvi.依赖，依靠→_________________adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→____________adj.不能信赖的，不可靠的3.worthadj.有……价值；值……钱→_________________adj.没有价值的；没有用的→_________________adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等),重要的，令人愉快的→_________________adj.值得……的；有价值的4.suspectw.&vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象→_________________adj.可疑的→_________________n.怀疑，嫌疑5.crimen.罪行，犯罪行为→____________n.罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的6.innocentadj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→_________________adj.无罪地→_________________n.天真：单纯：无罪7.legaladj.合法的；法律的→_________________adv.合法地→__________________adj.非法的→_________________adv.非法地8.resignvt.&.vi.辞职，辞去→__________________n.辞职；辞职信9.guiltn.内疚；悔恨；犯罪→__________________adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的10.shamen.羞耻，惭愧；遗憾的事→__________________adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→_______________adj.不体面的→___________________adj.不知羞耻的11.disappointvt.使失望→___________________adj.失望的，沮丧的→__________________adj.令人失望的→__________________n.失望12.mercyn.仁慈，宽恕→___________________adj.宽大的；仁慈的13.faultn.过错，责任；弱点，缺点→___________________adj.有故障的，有缺陷的14.couragen.勇气→___________________v.鼓励→_________________vt.使灰心；劝阻→__________________adj.令人泄气或沮丧的→_________________adj.灰心的→__________________n.劝阻；泄气；使人泄气的事；挫折，气馁15.savevt.储蓄，节省→__________________n.节省物，节省；储蓄金答案：1.appointed;appointment2.reliable;unreliable3.worthless;worthwhile;worthy4.suspicious;suspicion5.criminal6.innocently;innocence7.legally;illegal;illegally8.resignation9.guilty10.ashamed;shameful;shameless11.disappointed;disappointing;disappointment12.merciful13.faulty14.encourage;discourage;discouraging;discouraged;discouragement15.saving【语境活用】1.Hewas______________asheadmasterandwantedtotellhisgoodfriendthegoodnewsatthe_______________time,buthemissedtheir______________somehow.(appoint)2.Fromhis______________look,Ijudgedhewasn'thired,whichwasreally______________.ButIstill______________himtogotootherpaniestotryhisfortune.(courage)3.Itis______________totraveltoBeijing,becausemanyplacesofinterestarewell___________visiting.TheGreatWallisparticularly______________ofbeingvisited.(worth)4.Asisknowntoall,the______________thingsshouldbeprotectedandanything______________mustbebanned.(legal)5.Shewasdeeply_______________ofherson'sbehaviouratthedinnertable,butherhusbandthoughtitwasn'ta______________action,(shame)答案：1.appointed;appointed;appointment2.discouraged;discouraging;encouraged3.worthwhile;worth;worthy4.legal;illegal5.ashamed;shameful三、记高频词汇1.appointmentn.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务背词条用法(1)haveanappointmentwithsb.与某人有约会makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人预约keep/breakanappointment守/违(爽)约(2)appointsb.as/tobe..任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事背写作佳句①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)It'sagreatpitythatIhavetocanceltheSundaybookstoreappointmentwithyou.非常遗憾，我不得不取消我们周日一起逛书店的约定。②Apunctualpersonisinthehabitofdoingathingatthepropertimeandneverbreaksanappointment.一个守时的人有按时做事的习惯，从不违约。2.reliableadj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的背词条用法relyon/uponsb./sth.指望某人/某事relyon/uponsb.todosth.指望/相信某人会做某事relyonitthat..相信……;指望……背写作佳句①Actually,heisanhonestandreliableperson,whomyoucanrelyon.实际上，他是一个诚实、可靠的人，你可以信赖他。②YoucanrelyonitthatIcanfinishtheworkontime.你可以相信我能按时完成工作的。3.worthwhileadj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等),重要的，令人愉快的背词条用法(1)It’sworthwhiledoingsth./It’sworthwhiletodosth.值得做某事(2)beworthyofsth.值得的；配得上的beworthyofbeingdone值得被做beworthytobedone值得被做(3)beworth钱数/n.值....../值得......beworthdoing值得做背写作佳句①It'sworthwhilereading/toreadliterarybooksbecausetheycanhelpustoknowmoreaboutthesocietyandlife.读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们更多地了解社会和生活。②Whateverisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.任何值得做的事都值得被做好。4.suspectvt.&vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象背词条用法suspectsb,/sth怀疑某人/某事suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做了)某事suspectsb.tobe..怀疑某人是……,猜想某人是……suspectthat...怀疑，猜想……背写作佳句①Ifyoususpectagasleak,donotstrikeamatchoreventurnonanelectriclight.假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。②Don'tsuspecthimofhishonestybecauseheisveryreliable.不要怀疑他的诚实，因为他很可靠。5.burdenn.(义务、责任等的)重担，负担vt.使担负，负重背词条用法(1)aburdenon/to..是……的负担bear(takeon)/carry/reduce/sharetheburden承受/担负/减少/分担重担(2)burdensb./oneselfwithsth.装载……;使……负担……beburdenedwith..负重；为……所累背写作佳句①Onlywhenweputdownthoseunnecessaryburdencanwegoalltheway.只有放下那些无谓的负担，我们才能一路潇洒前行。②Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI'lltakeon/beartheburden.尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。6.disappointedadj.失望的，沮丧的背词条用法(1)bedisappointedat/with/bysth.对某事感到失望bedisappointedinsb.对某人感到失望bedisappointedthat...对……感到失望/沮丧bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而失望(2)(much)toone'sdisappointment=toone's(great)disappointment令某人(非常)失望的是背写作佳句①Theyweregreatlydisappointedat/with/bytheresultofthegame.他们对比赛结果极为失望。②Wewerealldisappointedtolearnthatthepicnichadbeencancelled.得知野餐取消了，我们都很失望。7.pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为背词条用法pretendtobe+adj./n.假装是pretendtodo假装做……pretendtobedoing假装正在做……pretendtohavedone假装做了……pretendthat......假装……;谎称……背写作佳句①Beyourself.Don'tpretendtobesomeoneyou'renot,做你自己。不要装成一个不是自己的人。②(2020·天津高考)WhenIamfacedwithdifficultiesinlearning,Iwon'tpretendtohaveknownit,butturntomyclassmatesorteachers.当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向同学或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。四、短语再现1.________________________拆毁，拆除2.________________________发财3.________________________失去联系4.________________________出现，到来，露面5.________________________拽出，扯出；退出；驶离路边6.________________________遵守与……的约定7.________________________至少8.________________________深入长谈9.________________________臂挽着臂10.________________________把……变成……11.________________________被逮捕12.________________________与……闲聊13.________________________准备着14.________________________对……负责15.________________________把……视为16.________________________任……处置17.________________________出错；发生故障答案：1.teardown2.makeone'sfortune3.losecontact4.turnup5.pullout6.keepanappointmentwith7.atleast8.haveagoodlongtalk9.arminarm10.o...11.underarrest12.haveachatwith13.instore14.beresponsiblefor15.regard...as16.atthemercyofsb./sth.17.gowrong短语活用1.makeone'sfortune发财，成功立业背相关短语makeafortune发财try/seekone'sfortune找出路；碰运气背写作佳句①Nowadaysmanyyoungpeoplehopetoruntheirownpaniesanddreamofmakingtheirfortunes.现在很多年轻人希望开办自己的公司，梦想能成功立业。②Hetoldusthathewasgoingtothebigcitytoseekhisfortune.他告诉我们他要去大城市碰碰运气。2.atthemercyofsb./sth.任……处置，对……无能为力背相关短语atone'smercy任由……摆布或控制beg/askformercy乞求宽恕showmercyto对……怜悯或宽恕havemercyto对……怜悯或宽恕withoutmercy残忍地；毫无同情心地背写作佳句①Atthemercyofthestrongwind,thelittletreesonthetopofthemountaincouldn'tstandupstraight.在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。②Wehavecarriedoutaseriesofactivitiestocallonpeopletoshowmercytoanimals.我们开展了一系列的活动，呼吁人们怜悯动物。3.pullout拽出，扯出；退出；驶离路边背相关短语pullin进站停靠；吸入pullover把……开到路边；驶向路边pulltogether齐心协力pulldown拆毁；摧毁背写作佳句①Thefathersawthetrainhissonwasonpullout,withhiseyesfulloftears.那位父亲眼含泪水，看着载着他儿子的火车驶出(车站)。②Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulleddownhasremainedcontroversial,andpeoplearestilllookingforotherpossiblesolutions.这个地区的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，人们仍在寻找其他可能的解决方法。4.gowrong出错；发生故障；出现问题背相关短语(1)getsb./sth.wrong误会，误解，曲解putafootwrong(通常用于否定句)犯错误(2)judgebetweenrightandwrong判断是非inthewrong(在事故、错误、争论等中)有错rightawrong纠正错误；平反昭雪背写作佳句①ButifsuperintelligentAIgoeswrongorfallsintothewronghands,itcouldalsobethemostdangerous.但是如果超智能人工智能出错或者落入坏人手中，它也可能是最危险的。②Theboyisoldenoughtojudgebetweenrightandwrong.这个男孩足够大了，能判断是非了。知识背诵检测I.单词拼写1.We________________(怀疑)thattheyaretryingtohidesomething.2.Sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnot__________________(逮捕)him.3.Itwasnotlongbeforethedetectivefoundthe________________(罪犯)whohadescapedfromprison.4.Iwasn'tqualifiedtoapplyforthejobreallybutIgotit________________(尽管如此)。5.Wemustassumehimtobe________________(无辜的)untilheisprovedguilty.6.Myfather___________________(辞职)hisdirectorshiplastyearbecauseofhisbadhealth.7.Hopingforsuccesswithouthardworkisliketryingto________________(收获)whereyouhaven'tplantedseeds.Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出加黑部分的汉语意思)1.Inthedarknesstheycouldseetheoutlineofavillage.______________2.TheshowsairedinJanuaryandFebruaryhaveachievedsatisfactoryfigures,reflectingtheaudience'skeeninterestinChinesefolkculture.______________3.(2018·天津高考)Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.______________4.(2019·北章高考)Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.______________5.Concernfortheenvironmentisatthecoreofourpolicies.______________6.(熟词生义)Wehadtoresignourselvestomakingalossonthesale.______________7.(熟词生义)Believeitornot,I'llforgiveyouthedebt.______________8.(熟词生义)Myfatherinspiredmetoembracethechallengesinmylifewithanopenheart.______________Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Hedidwellinmathematics,but______________(bare)gotthroughinchemistry.2.Wearelookingforsomeonewhois______________(rely)andhardworking.3.Itisworthwhile______________(talk)toyourparentsbeforemakingyourfinaldecision.4.ThenewCEOisaneducated,considerate,and______________(decency)man.5.Chinaneedstheservicesofasmanyintellectualsaspossibleforthetaskof______________(social)construction.6.Shefeels______________(guilt)aboutspendinglesstimelatelywithhertwokids.7.Therewouldbeadaywhenourfaceswouldbe_______________(wrinkle)IV.选词填空teardown,makeafortune,turnup,atleast,regard….as,gowrong,inallaspects,makeadifference1.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,____________________oneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.2.Onlybydiscoveringwhatwedobestcanwehopetoreachourgoalsandtruly____________________.3.Whenthings_____________________,allofusnaturallyfeeldisappointedandfrustrated.4.Asmilecanopendoorsand____________________wallsamongstrangers.5.Mostofusedownwith____________________acoupleofcoldsayear.6.It'swrongofsomepeopletodreamof____________________withouthardwork.7.Whenthesportshero____________________atourparty,hewasweledwithopenarms.8.Thisruleappliestoeverything,________________________oflife.V.关联词汇用准用活1.用活——同义试试看(用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇)

①There'snothingmorerewardingthanspendingtimewithone'sfamily.____________②Idon'thaveanyparticularreasontodistrustthem.____________③Shethoughtshewouldnotbeabletobeartheloadofbringingupherfamilyalone.____________④Hisparentstriedtopreventhimfrombeinganactor.____________2.用准——易错对对碰(1)disappointedVSdisappointing①Onebyone,theapplicantslefttheinterviewer'sofficewith____________(disappoint)looksontheirfaces.②Thespeechwasquite_______________(disappoint);itleftoutsomemainquestions.(2)turndownVStu