高考英语一轮模拟预测题组训练专题十二推理判断

专题十二推理判断题基础闯关题组Passage1(2017北京海淀第一学期期中,B)Haveyoueverlostyourcaronaparkinglot?Youdon’thaveacluewhereyourcarisaftershopping.Thenyoustartwalkingaroundclickingonyourcarkeyssothealarmgoesoff.Itcanbeannoying,especiallyonahotsunnyday.No,youneedn’tinstall(安装)anexpensiveGPSsystemtokeeptrackofyourcar.That’stooexpensive.Youwouldneedtopayamonthlyfeetouseit.Butisthereawaytotrackyourvehiclewithoutspendingafortune?Yes,nowthereis!ACaliforniabasedpanyhascreatedatinydevicethatworkswithyoursmartphone,whichcouldbeexactlywhatyou’relookingfor!Whatisit?It’scalledTrackR.Itisastateofthearttrackingdevicethesizeofacoin.It’schangingthewaywekeeptrackoftheimportantthingsinourlives.Howdoesitwork?It’seasy!InstallthefreeTrackRapponyoursmartphone,connecttheapptoyourdeviceandyou’rereadytogo!SimplyattachTrackRtowhateveryouwanttokeepaneyeon.Theentireprocessofsettingituponlytakes5minutesorless.Youcanattachittoyourkeys,briefcase,wallet,yourlatesttechgadgetsandanythingelseyoudon’twanttolose.ThenusetheTrackRapptolocateyourmissingiteminseconds.Ifyouforgetwhereyouhaveparkedyourcar,pulloutyoursmartphoneandopentheTrackRapp.Taponthe“finddevice”buttononthescreenandtheappwilltellyoutheexactspotofthelastknownlocationoftheTrackR.WhatelsecanIdowithTrackR?Thedeviceissmallandunnoticeableenoughthatyoucanattachittoyourpet.Putitontheircollar,andtheissueofsearchingforthemwhentheyrunawaytonearbyplaceswillbeover!You’llneverwasteaminutesearchingthewholehouseforit.TrackReveneswithadoublesidedgluesoyoucanstickittoyourlaptoporunderyourbikeseat.Trackdownandpunishthethieveswhostealyourexpensivethings!Howmuchdoesitcost?You’reprobablythinkingthatthisdeviceisveryexpensive.False!TrackRonlycosts$29!That’sasmallpricetopayforpeaceofmind,isn’tit?WherecanIbuyone?Youcanbuyitdirectlyfromthepany’swebsitebyclickinghere.1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatTrackRcan.

A.helpyoulocateyourimportantthingsB.trackyourwalletthroughGPSsystemC.workbetterafteryoupaymonthlyfeeD.takegoodcareofyourpetsathome2.Thispassageismainlydevelopedby.

A.answeringquestions B.providingstatisticsC.listingadvantages D.makingparisons3.Whereisthispassagemostlikelytakenfrom?A.Aresearchreport. B.Awebsite.C.Apersonalblog. D.Ajournal.Passage2IgrewupinSanPedro.Mydadwasafisherman,andhelovedthesea.Hehadhisownboat,butitwashardmakingalivingonthesea.Heworkedhardandwouldstayoutuntilhecaughtenoughtofeedthefamily.Notjustenoughforourfamily,butalsoforhismomanddadandtheotherkidsthatwerestillathome.Dadwasabigman,andhewasstrongfrompullingthenetsandfightingtheseaforhiscatch.Whenyougotclosetohim,yousmelledtheocean.Whentheweatherwasbadhewoulddrivemetoschool.Hewouldpullrightupinfront,anditseemedlikeeverybodywouldbestandingaroundandwatching.Thenhewouldleanoverandgivemeabigkissonthecheekandtellmetobeagoodboy.Itwassoembarrassingforme.HereIwastwelveyearsold,andmydadwouldleanoverandkissmegoodbye!IrememberedthedayIthoughtIwastoooldforagoodbyekiss.Whenwegottotheschoolandcametoastop,hehadhisusualbigsmile.Hestartedtoleantowardme,butIputmyhandupandsaid,“No,Dad.”ItwasthefirsttimeIhadevertalkedtohimthatway,andhehadthissurprisedlookonhisface.

Isaid,“Dad,I’mtoooldforagoodbyekiss.I’mtoooldforanykindofkiss.”Mydadlookedatmeforthelongesttime,andhiseyesstartedtotearup.Ihadneverseenhimcry.Heturnedandlookedatthewindshield(挡风玻璃).“You’reright,”hesaid.“Youareabigboy...aman.Iwon’tkissyouanymore.”Itwasn’tlongafterthatwhenmydadwenttoseaandnevercameback.Guys,youdon’tknowwhatIwouldgivetohavemydadgivemejustonemorekissonthecheek...tofeelhisrougholdface...tosmelltheoceanonhim...tofeelhisarmaroundmyneck.IwishIhadbeenamanthen.IfIhadbeenaman,Iwouldbeaman.IwouldneverhavetoldmydadIwastoooldforagoodbyekiss.1.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thewriter’sfatherwasatallman.B.Makingalivingontheseawashard.C.Thewriter’sfatherlikedbeingafisherman.D.Thewriter’sfatherhadabigfamilytosupport.2.Theunderlinedsentence“Iputmyhandupandsaid,‘No,Dad.’”suggeststhat.

A.thewriterwantedtorefusehisfathertodrivehimtoschoolB.thewriterdidn’tlikehisfathertokisshimgoodbyeC.thewriterdidn’tliketogotoschoolD.thewriterdidn’twanthisfathertoleavehim3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatthewriter’sfather.

A.wasasuccessfulbusinessmanB.hadanaccidentanddiedatseaC.wasgoodatdrivingcarsD.drovethewritertoschooleveryday4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthewriter.

A.wishedhisfathertoebackhomesoonB.wouldgiveupwhathehadtolookforhisfatherC.regrettedhavingrefusedhisfather’skissD.hopedtoseehisfatherandaskedforanotherkiss5.Thewriterwrotethepassageinorderto.

A.tellreadersabouthisfather’sloveforhimB.attractreaderstovisithisfatherC.giveabriefintroductiontohimselfD.askreaderstolovetheirfathersPassage3Areyouhavingaproblemgoingtosleep?Trydrinkingaglassofwarmmilk.Ifthatdoesn’twork,listentosomesoft,beautifulmusic.Stillnoluck?Trythinkingaboutsheepjumpingoverafence.Countthemtoyourself.“One,two,three...onehundred...”Ifyouarestillawake,takeasleepingpill.Butpeoplewhotakepillsoftenetodependonthedrugs.Soyoulieawakeknowingthatthenewworkdaywillsoonarrive.Ifthishappenstoyouforatleastonemonth,youmayhaveprimaryinsomnia(失眠症).Therearemillionsofyou...us...aroundtheworld.Anewstudyhasfoundthatyoumightfallasleepquickerandstayasleeplongerifyoutry“cerebralhypothermia.”No,cerebralhypothermiaisnotaplexmedicalprocess.Itjustmeanscoolingdownyourbrain.

EricNofzingerandDanielBuyseeoftheUniversityofPittsburghMedicalSchoolledthestudy.Theyexaminedtwelvepeoplewhohadinsomnia.Twelveothershadnosleepproblems.Eachofthemworeasoftplasticcapontheirheadsatbedtime.Thecapshadtubesinsidefilledwithwater.Theresearchersmovedthewaterthroughthetubesandthenchangedthetemperatureofthewater.Otherstudiesshowedthatpeoplewhohadtroublesleepingoftenhadmorechemicalreactionsinthefrontoftheirbrains.Theresearchersthoughtloweringthetemperatureofthebrainmighthelp.Thefirsttwonightsoftesting,thepatientsworenowatercaps.Duringthenexttwonights,thecapswereworn,butthewaterwasnotcooled.Thentheresearcherscooledthewateralittlefortwonights.Onthefinaltwonightsofthestudy,thetemperatureofthewaterwasmademuchcooler.Theresearchersfoundthatthewatercapsdidn’thelpthepatientsuntilthetemperaturewasabout14℃.Mostofthepatientsfellasleepfasterandsleptbetterwhenthecoolestwaterwasmovingaroundtheirheads.DrNofzingerandDrBuyseenotedthatthisisonlythebeginningofthebraintemperaturestudy.Buttheybelievetheyhavediscoveredsomethingimportantthatneedsmoreresearch.1.What’stheauthor’srealpurposeofwritingthefirstparagraph?A.Tostateinsomniaisaglobalphenomenon.B.Tobringforwardthetopicofthepassage.C.Totellthereadershowtodealwithinsomnia.D.Toexplainhowinsomniaaffectspeople’slife.2.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat“cerebralhypothermia”(inthesecondparagraph)isactually.

A.apuremedicaltreatmentB.anemotionaltreatmentC.ascientificresearchmethodD.aphysicaltreatment3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Takingsleepingpillsissofarthebestwaytocureinsomnia.B.Thebraintemperaturestudyhasbeencarriedoutforanumberofyears.C.Coolingthewatercapsdidn’tnecessarilyhelpthepatientsparticipatinginthestudy.D.Thefindingsofthebraintemperaturestudyhavebeenwidelyrecognized.Passage4Inourlife,wefacesituationswhereweareeitheraskedtochoosebetweentrustanddisbelief.Manyofuswouldsaywehavetochoosetrustoverdisbelief.Actuallywearegivenintellectual(智力的)powertochoosewhatwewant,andwhatwechoosecertainlyneednotbetheonethatsoundspleasing.Thatis,wecanchoosebothtrustanddisbelief,butwehavetoknowwhentochoosebetweenthesetwo.Weshouldallrealizethatwearelivinginaworldwhichisunfortunatelymixedwithpeopleofvarioustypes.Wehavebeengiventhepowerofjudgingwhoweareworkingwithandwhowearepartneringwith.Wecannotgiveanexcuseforbelievingascheming(诡计多端的)person,justbecausehelookedorsoundednice,unlessweconsiderourselvesmentallyunskillful.Thisworldwastherebeforeusanditdoesnotoweusasinglething.Weareaskedtotakecareofourselvesandourbelongings.Trust,too,hastobesavedforthedeserving(值得的)people.Whenwegivetrustuniversallytoall,weenduptroubledbytheundeservingmoncheat.Peoplesaytrustislife.True!Butonlywiselyexercisedtrustislife.Whenwestartaconversationwithsomeone,thefirstthingsthatweusuallynoticewouldbetheirdress,behavior,styleandtheirlanguage.Whatsometimesweallforgettolookatistheperson’sintention.Nowhowtolookataperson’sintentionisalessoneverybodyhastolearnforthemselvesintheirownway—thereisnosinglestandardforit.Butitiscertainlypossibletodiscoverthepurposeifweseekalittlebitmore.Certainlyafalseofferoffriendshiporguidancecannotstandundiscoveredforlong;wearethereforecalledtoexercisedisbeliefovertrustatleastmomentarilytillwefindoutthatwecertainlyareinagreementwithamutual(相互的)goodwilledperson.

Theworldteachesyoulotsoflessonsandifwearewilling,wecanlearnallthatwewant.1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthor.

A.concentratesonthereasonwhywemakedifferentchoicesB.focusesonhowtochoosebetweentrustanddisbeliefC.suggeststhattrustshouldbewiselyexercisedD.impliesthatpeopleareforcedtomakethechoice2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

A.peoplewhoweareworkingwithareinfactthosewhowearepartneringwithB.thefirstthingwenoticetendstomisleadourjudgmentC.thementallyhealthypeoplewillnotjudgeapersonbyhislooksD.thestandardsoflookingataperson’sintentionarenotvarious3.Theunderlinedsentencemeans.

A.trustanddisbeliefgohandinhandwitheachotherB.disbeliefisnecessaryifyouaren’twiseC.trustisestablishediftwopeopleknoweachotherD.doubtmayserveasthepreconditionfortrust4.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TrustorDisbeliefB.TrustIsLifeC.TrustoverDisbeliefD.DisbeliefoverTrustPassage5Iwasdesperatelynervousaboutbeingcarfree.Buteightmonthsagoourcarwashitbyapassingvehicleanditwasdestroyed.“Noproblem,”Ithought.“We’llbuyanother.”Buttheinsurancepayoutdidn’tevenbegintocoverthecostsofbuyinganewcar—Iworkedoutthat,withtheloan(贷款)we’dneedpluspetrol,insurance,parkingpermitsandtax,wewouldmakeapaymentasmuchas￡600amonth.Andthat’swhenIhadmyfancyidea.Whynotjustgiveuphavingacaratall?IliveinLondon.Wehavearailwaystationbehindourhouse,atubestation10minutes’walkaway,andabusstopattheendofthestreet.Anewcarclubhadjustopenedinourarea,andoneofitsshinylittleredPeugeotswasparkednearby.IfanyfamilyinBritaincouldlivewithoutacar,Ireasoned,thensurelywewerethatfamily.Butmynewcarfreeidea,sadly,wasn’tsharedbymyfamily.Myteenagedaughterswerehorrified.Whatwouldtheirfriendsthinkaboutourfamilybeing“toopoortoaffordacar”?(Iwasn’tthatbotheredwhattheythought,andIsuggestedthegirlsshouldtakethesameapproach.)Myfriends,too,wereastonishedatourplan.Whatwouldhappenifsomeonegotseriouslyillovernightandneededtogotohospital?(anambulance)Howwouldthechildrengettoandfromtheirmanyevents?(busesandtrains)Peoplesmiledasthoughthiswasanotherofmymadideas,beforesayingtheyweresureI’dsoonrealizethatacarwasanecessity.Eightmonthson,Iwonderwhetherwe’lleverownacaragain.Theideathatyou“haveto”ownacar,especiallyifyouliveinacity,isallinthemind.Ilive—andmanyothercitizensdotoo—inaplacethathasneverbeenbetterservedbypublictransport,andyetcarownershiphasneverbeenhigher.Weworryaboutrisingcarcosts,butwe’dbebetteroffaskingsomethingmuchmorebasic:doIreallyneedacar?Certainlytheanswerisno,andI’malotricherbecauseIdaredtoaskthequestion.1.Theauthordecidedtoliveacarfreelifepartlybecause.

A.mostfamilieschosetogocarfreeB.hewashurtinaterriblecaraccidentC.thecostofanewcarwastoomuchD.thetrafficjamwasunbearableforhim2.Whatistheattitudeoftheauthor’sfamilytowardhisplan?A.Supportive. B.Disapproving.C.Optimistic. D.Unconcerned.3.Whatdidtheauthorsuggesthisdaughtersdoabouttheirfriends’opinion?A.Argueagainstit. B.Taketheiradvice.C.Thinkitover. D.Leaveitalone.4.Whatconclusiondidtheauthordrawaftertheeightmonthcarfreelife?A.Lifecannotgowithoutacar.B.Lifewithoutacarisalittlebithard.C.Hislifegetsimprovedwithoutacar.D.Acarfreelifedoesnotsuiteveryone.Passage6Aspeoplehaveaccuratelyobserved,smilesareabsentfromearlyphotographs.In1852,forinstance,agirlsatforherdaguerreotype;herheadslightlyturned,givingthecameraanunsmilinglook.Sheispreservedforeverasaveryseriousgirlindeed.CharlesDarwin,alovingandplayfulparent,looksfrozeninphotographs.Whydidourancestors,fromunknownsittersforfamilyportraits(肖像)tothegreatandfamous,beesosadinfrontofthecamera?ThatseverityiseverywhereinVictorianphotographs.However,youdon’thavetolookverylongattheseunsmilingoldphotostoseehowinpletetheseeminglyobviousansweris—thattheyarefreezingtheirfacesinordertokeepstillforthelongexposuretimes.InJuliaMargaretCameron’sPortraitofTennyson,thepoetdreams,hisfaceashadowedmaskofgenius.Thisisnotsimplyatechnique.It’sanemotionalchoice.Peopleinthepastdidnotgoaroundinacontinualstateofsorrow.Infact,theVictorianshadasenseofhumourevenaboutthedarkestaspectsoftheirsociety.Laughterwasnotjustmoninthepastbutacceptedbysocietyfarmorethanitistoday,frommedievalcarnivals(中世纪狂欢节)toGeorgianprintshops,wherepeoplegatheredtolookatthelatestfunnies.Farfrompreventingfestivalsandfun,theVictorians,whoinventedphotography,alsoobservedChristmasasacelebrationitistoday.Sotheseverityofpeoplein19thcenturyphotographscannotbetheevidenceofgeneralizedsadness.Thiswasnotasocietyinpermanentdesperation.Instead,thetrueanswerhastodowithattitudestoportraitureitself.Peoplewhosatforearlyphotographsunderstooditasasignificantmoment.Sittingforthecamerawascheaper,quickerandmeantthatpeoplewhoneverhadachancetobepaintedcouldnowbephotographed;butpeopleseemtohavetakenitseriouslyinthesamewaytheywouldbeapaintedportrait.Likeaportraitpainting,itwasintendedasatimelessrecordofaperson.Tomethoseunsmilingpeopleprobablyhadasmuchfunaswedo,ifnotmore.Buttheyfeltnoneedtoproveitwithpictures.Instead,whentheysatforaphotograph,theythoughtabouttime,deathandmemory.Perhapsweshouldstopsmilingsometimes,too.1.WhatdoweknowaboutthepeopleinVictoriantimes?A.Theylaidimportanceonreligiousevents.B.Theywereskilfulatportraitpainting.C.Theyvaluedtheirfamilylife.D.Theyenjoyedthemselves.2.TheauthormentionsPortraitofTennysoninParagraph2to.

A.proveatheory B.supporthisopinionC.introduceapainting D.describeatechnique3.Theauthorthinksearlypeoplelookfrozeninoldphotosbecause.

A.theylivedinatraditionalsocietyB.theyhadtostaystillforalongtimeC.theyregardedphotographyimportantD.theyheldnegativeviewsaboutpainting4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeoplenotsmilinginoldphotos?A.Sceptical. B.Critical. C.Neutral. D.Positive.Passage7ShowroomingOneofthebiggestchallengesfacingbrickandmortarretailers(实体零售店)inrecentyearshasbeenthe“showrooming”.Drivenbythedesiretogetthebestprices,manyshoppersarenowvisitingbrickandmortarstorestopersonallycheckonproductsthatinterestthem,onlytoleaveandthenbuytheitemsonline.Thenewtrendisforcingretailerstofindoutnewwaystokeepconsumersfromleavingtheirstoreforcheaperpricesonline.Recentresearchfoundthat40percentofU.S.shoppershaveshowroomedpreviously,withbigboxretailerssufferingthemost.Specifically,thestudyshowsthatBestBuy,WalmartandTargetarethemostlikelybrickandmortarstorestohaveshopperstestoutaproductinstoreandthenpurchaseitonlinelater,whileAmazonisbenefitingmostfromthepractice,withnearly60percentofshoppersusingtheonlineretailgiant(大公司)mostoftentomaketheirshowroomingpurchases.Smartphoneshavepushedshowroomingintothefront.Shoppersnolongerhavetowaituntiltheygethometoseeiftheycanfindacheaperpricefortheproductsthey’reconsideringbuying.Withsmartphones,consumerscannowparevirtualprices,atbothotherbrickandmortarstoresandonlineoneswhilestillinsidearetailstore.Iftheycanfindwhatthey’reseekingforlessonline,themajoritywillbeseekingthefirstexit.Arecentstudyshowedthat45percentofcustomersshoppingatbrickandmortarstoreswalkoutandbuytheirpurchaseonlineforadiscountofaslittleas2.5percent.

Thisputspressureonretailerstoprovidebothaninstoreexperienceworthstayingforandanonlinepresencethatcanattractshopperswhoareshowroominginotherbusinesses.Tocutdownonshowrooming,manyretailersareadoptingnewmethodstokeepshoppersintheirstores.Amongthestepsthey’retakingarepricematchingguaranteesthatallowshopperstopayadiscountedpriceiftheyfinditcheaperonline.Thisensuresthatevenashowroomingshoppercanmakethepurchaseinthestore—regardlessofwhethertheyfindthecheaperpriceonline.Anotherpopularmethodtofightagainstshowroomingistogiveshopperstheabilitytobuysomethingonlineandpickitupatthestore.Thisreducesshippingcostsandgetscustomersinthestore,wheretheymaybeencouragedtomakeanadditionalpurchase.Itisalsoimportantforbusinessestotakeintoconsiderationwhatmakesshopperspurchasesomethinginstoreratherthanonline,andmeetthoseneeds.Researchhasfoundthatmorethan8in10Americansconsiderbeingabletotakethegoodshomeimmediatelyandtheabilitytotouchandfeelthem—themostimportantaspectswhendecidingtopurchaseinastoreratherthanonline.1.Accordingtothepassage,ashowroomingshoppertendsto.

A.payforeverythingonlineB.havebetterbargainingskillsC.rushtobuythingsinastoreD.purchaseonlineforalowerprice2.Whatcontributestothegrowingpopularityofshowrooming?A.Thewideuseofsmartphones.B.Thepetitionbetweenbigstores.C.Theadvertisementbyonlineretailgiants.D.Thedeclineofthebrickandmortarstores.3.Theunderlinedphrase“seekingthefirstexit”inParagraph3probablymeans.

A.searchingforlowerpricesB.leavingassoonaspossibleC.locatingthefirstexitquicklyD.makingapurchaseonthespot4.Thelastthreeparagraphsmainlytalkaboutwaysof.

A.increasingsalesatstoresB.preventingpurchaseonlineC.satisfyingcustomers’needsD.advisingshopperstobuymorePassage8ASpecialAppointmentYearsagoImovedtoWoodlandHillstotakeajobinasmallhospital’semergencydepartment.NoonewantedtoworkonChristmasEve,sotheshift(轮班)wenttome.Ikissedmyfamilygoodbyeandwentofftospendthenightinthehospital.Itwasathanklessjob.

At9p.m.,theambulancebroughtinamaninhis60swhowashavingaheartattack.Hisfacewaspale,andhewasfrightened.ThewholenightIdidmybesttosavehislife.BeforeIleftinthemorningtospendChristmaswithmyfamily,Istoppedbytoseehowhewasdoing.Itwasstilltough,buthehadsurvivedthenightandwassleeping.ThefollowingyearIgotChristmasEvedutyagain.At9p.m.sharp,thewardclerktoldmetherewasacouplewhowantedtospeakwithme.WhenIapproachedthem,themanintroducedhimselfasMr.Leeandsaid,“Youprobablydon’trememberme,butlastChristmasEveyousavedmylife.Thankyoufortheyearyougaveme.”Heandhiswifehuggedme,handedmeasmallgift,andleft.Thefollowingyearanewdoctorhadjoinedthegroup,butIwantedtoseeifMr.andMrs.Leewouldreturn.Thistime,Ivolunteeredfortheshift.Ikeptaneyeonthedoor.Onceagain,atexactly9p.m.,theLeesappeared,carryingawarmlywrappedbundle.Itwastheirnewgrandchild.Mr.Lee,hisfamilyandIspent13ChristmasEvestogether.Inthelateryearsthestaffallknewaboutthestoryandwouldworktogivemetimewithhiminthebreakroom,wherewespentahalfhoureachChristmasEve.ThelastyearIsawhim,hebroughtmeagift.Icarefullyopenedthepackageandfoundacrystal(水晶)bellinside.Itwasengraved(在……上雕刻)withasingleword:Friendship.Now,myfamily,friendsandIringthatbelleveryChristmasEveatexactly9p.m.andofferourbestwishestothemanwhowewon’tforget.1.WorkingonChristmasEvewasconsidered“athanklessjob”because.

A.mostpatientswereseriouslyillB.patientsrefusedtoexpressthanksC.doctorshadnothingtodoonthatdayD.doctorscouldn’tgetpraiseforthehardjob2.Whentheauthorleftthehospitalthenextmorning,Mr.Lee.

A.wasreallyangrywithherB.wasstillinastateofdangerC.gotreadytoleavethehospitalD.recoveredfromhisheartattack3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorformedahabitof.

A.celebratingChristmasEvewithherfamilyB.givingChristmasgiftstothehospitalstaffC.spendingChristmasEvewithMr.LeeinhospitalD.ringingthebellforpatientsintheemergencydepartment4.WhydoestheauthorringthebellonChristmasEve?A.Tohonorherworkingexperience.B.Totellkidsthetraditionalcustom.C.Toshowthebeginningoftheholiday.D.Torememberanoldfriendofhers.Passage9BeingAuthoritative(权威式的)ParentsPhraseslike“tigermom”and“helicopterparent”havemadetheirwayintoeverydaylanguage.Manyofusfindourselvesdrawntotheideathatwithjustabitmoreparentalhardworkandeffort,wemightturnoutchildrenwithbrightfutures.Butisthereanythingwrongwithakindof“overparentingstyle”?Parentalinvolvementhasalonghistoryofbeingstudied.Manyofthestudies,conductedbyDianaBaumrind,afamouspsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,havefoundthatagoodparentistheonewhoisinvolvedandreactstoherchildinapositiveway,whosetshighexpectationsbutgivesherchildindependence.These“authoritativeparents”appeartohitthesweetspotofparentalinvolvementandgenerallyraisechildrenwhodobetteracademically,psychologicallyandsociallythanchildrenwhoseparentsarenotstrictandlessinvolved,orcontrollingandmoreinvolved.Whyisthisparentingstylesosuccessful?Authoritativeparentsactuallyhelpimprovemotivationintheirchildren.CarolDweck,asocialpsychologistatStanfordUniversity,hasdoneresearchthatindicateswhyauthoritativeparentsraisemoremotivatedchildren.Inatypicalexperiment,Dr.Dwecktakesyoungchildrenintoaroomandasksthemtosolveasimplepuzzle.Mostdosowithlittledifficulty.ButthenDr.Dwecktellssome,butnotall,ofthekidshowclevertheyare.Asitturnsout,thechildrenwhoarenottoldthey’resmartaremoremotivatedtosolveincreasinglydifficultpuzzles.Theyalsoshowhigherlevelsofconfidenceandshowgreaterprogressinpuzzlesolving.Astheexperimentsuggests,praisingchildren’stalentsandabilitiesseemstoshaketheirconfidence.Dealingwithmoredifficultpuzzlescarriestheriskoflosingone’sstatusas“smart”.Dr.Dweck’sworkstronglysupportsthatofDr.Baumrind,whoalsofoundthatreasonablysupportingachild’sindependenceandlimitinginterference(干涉)causesbetteracademicandemotionalresults.Thecentraltaskofgrowingupistodevelopasenseofselfthatisindependentandconfident.Ifyoutreatyouryoungchildwhoisjustlearningtowalkasifshecan’twalk,youreduceherconfidence.Allowingchildrentomakemistakesisoneofthegreatestchallengesofparenting.Itiseasierwhentheyareyoung.Thepotentialmistakescarrygreaterrisks,andpartofbeingaparentisreducingriskforourchildren.1.Accordingtothepassage,a“tigermom”.

A.helpsherchildrenrealizetheirdreamsB.speaksherchildren’severydaylanguageC.placesreasonableexpectationsonherchildrenD.payscloseattentiontoherchildren’sexperiences2.Itisimpliedthatcontrollingstyleofparentingmay.

A.facemorechallengesofchildrenB.fosterindependenceinchildrenC.causemoreproblemsinchildrenD.leadtochildren’sacademicsuccess3.Theexampleofthechildrendoingthepuzzlessuggeststhat.

A.agoodgameplaysabigroleintrainingyoungmindsB.overpraisingmakeschildrenlessmotivatedandconfidentC.puzzlesolvingcangivechildrenthemotivationtheyneedD.brightchildrenusuallyshowlessconfidenceindifficultgames4.Thelastparagraphtellsusthat.

A.childrenshouldnotbegivenmuchfreedomB.parentsshouldnotincreasetheriskofchallengingC.parentsshouldallowtheirchildrentolearnfrommistakesD.childrenshouldcorrectmistakeswiththehelpoftheirparentsPassage10Afewyearsago,NewYorkCityhadablackout(停电)whichcausedalltheTVstationstogooutforseveralhours.WhentheTVwentoffintheBufkinshouse,panicbegan.First,BufkinsthoughtsomethingwaswrongwithhisTVsetinthelivingroom,soherushedintohisbedroom