2022年高考英语复习小题多维练04：史地常识类（解析版）

题型一：剧读理解专题04:史地常识类

题量要求：（45分钟）

Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,

askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisan

essentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,or

getyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.

Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,and

learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）

intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneeda

senseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedto

theevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.

Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenables

ustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtothe

experts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withthe

informationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.

Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight

（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatwe

knownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhatefor

othersisusuallycausedbyignorance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.

Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworlds

thatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.

Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensour

horizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensof

questionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseof

CharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoabout

realism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistory

ofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutely

anybody.

Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecan

definitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.

l.Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans.

A.theturningpointinourhistory

B.thepresentstateofournation

C.thelocationofourhomeland

D.thetotalareaofourcountry

2.Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?

A.Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.

B.Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.

C.Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.

D.Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.

3.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?

A.Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.

B.Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.

C.Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.

D.Historyhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.

4.WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat.

A.CharlesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliterature.

B.OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.

C.readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiod.

D.studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.

5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtoBuildCulturalIdentity

B.WhyStudyingHistoryMatters

C.KnowthePast,KnowthePresent

D.History:aWaytoBroadenHorizons

【答案】l.B2.A3.D4.D5.B

【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处,

最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义一一历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教

训过更有意义的生活。

1.猜测词义题。根据上句learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,more

meaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义

地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知

画线的wherewearetoday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthe

pastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemore

experiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都

是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段中Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacross

cultures和Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightinto

entireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当

坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。

由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。

4.推理判断题°根据第五段标题是Historycaninspireustoleammore:（历史可以激励我们学

习更多），下面列举了阅读OliverTwist的例子，通过OliverTwist我们能去了解作者Charles

Dickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通

过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选Do

5.主旨大意题。根据第一段Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistory

important"isaverygoodfirststep.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论

述学历史的好处，最后一•段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中

学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活工故WhyStudyingHistoryMatters?能概括全文内

容。故选B。

Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.AndneitherwastheRomansubwaysystem.Undergroundwork

isslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersoftenmeetwithfi*escoes（壁画）andothervaluable

stonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.Andafewyearsago,theyfoundthewooden

foundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.

SolocalarchaeologistscalledinMauroBernabeioftheNationalResearchCouncilofItaly.

He'sadendrochronologist:someonewhoanalyzestreerings,whichgiveageandenvironmental

information.

“Wehavetostudywoodbecauseit*sfull,reallyfull,ofinformation!"Bernabeiandhisteam

foundthatthewoodenplankswereoak（橡木）.Butthewood'soriginwashardertodetermine.So

theycomparedthetreeringsintheoakfloortothoseavailableinlibrariesoftreeringsthat

containtimberfromalloverEurope.AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJura

regionofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.

Theresearchersalsodeterminedthatitwasusedinabout40to60B.C.Andsomecame

fromtreesalreadyupto300yearsoldwhentheywerecutdown.Thedetailsareinthejoumal

PLOSONE.

ThediscoveryisthefirstclearevidenceofoakfromnorthoftheAlpsbeingusedtobuild

ancientRome.Andit*sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwork.Thesetrees,

forexample,likelyfloateddowntworivers,acrosstheMediterraneanandupanotherriverto

Rome.

BernabeisaysRomanarchaeologistsusuallydestroyancientwood—it'snotasvaluableas

jewelryandvasesandfrescos.Buthe'shopingthisstudymightchangetheirminds."Savethe

wood,yes!Andcallme,ifyoudon'twanttosave—please,callme!"Hesays.

1.WhydoesthesubwayinRomegoslowly?

A.ItishardtodiguptheearthinRome.

B.Therearemanyancientruinsburiedhere.

C.ItisverydangeroustoworktoofastinRome

D.TheRomanarenotexperiencedinbuildingsubways

2.Whatcanpeoplelearnfromthewoodfoundations?

A.ThewealthinancientRome

B.ThetradinginformationofancientRome

C.ThecultureofancientRome

D.ThesocialrelationsofancientRome

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?

A.ThestoneB.Thesubway

C.TheFrenchwoodD.TheRomanfoundation

4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.ScientistsfoundsomeinformationaboutancientRome

B.WoodwasnotasvaluableasstonesinancientRome

C.OnlytherichpeopleinancientRomecouldusewood

D.AncientRomecouldhavearichtradingnetwork.

【答案】

1.B2.B3.C4.A

【分析】

本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗

马的贸易信息。

1.

细节理解题。根据第一段“Undergroundworkisslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersoften

meetwithfrescoes（壁画）andothervaluablestonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.,,（地下工

程进展缓慢，因为建筑工人经常会遇到几千年前的壁画和其他有价值的石头地基）可知，

罗马地铁建设进展缓慢是因为地下埋藏着许多古代遗迹，故选B。

2.

细节理解题。根据第五段“Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextrading

network."（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，从木地基中我们能够

了解到古罗马的贸易信息，故选B。

3.

词句猜测题。根据第三段“AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJuraregion

ofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.”可知，他们在600多英里外的法国东部朱拉地

区发现了一种罗马木材的匹配物，此处承接上文，说的是研究人员还确定，在法国发现的

这种木材在大约公元前40年至60年间曾被使用过，由此可知，让指代的就是上文提到的

法国木材，故选C。

4.

主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Andaffewyearsago,theyfoundthewooden

foundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding."（几年前，他们在一座深埋地下的古

罗马建筑的豪华门廊上发现了木制地基）及第五段“Andit*sareminderthattheRomanshada

complextradingnetwork."（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，本文主要

介绍的是科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息，故选

A。

TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,TheTheatre,whichhad

beenbuiltbyRichardBurbage'sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin1576.Thefirst

performanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswasJonson'sEveryManoutofHisHumour-with

itsfirstscenewelcomingthe"graciousandkindspectators^^—attheendoftheyear.

On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.

Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthewoodenbeamsandstraws.

Accordingtooneofthefewsurvivingdocumentsoftheevent,noonewashurtexceptaman

whoseburningbreeches(炮后月堂)wereputoutwithabottleofale.Itwasrebuiltinthefollowing

year.

LikealltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.It

waspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15

April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.

Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named“Shakespeare'sGlobe”,openedin1997,with

aproductionofHenryV.Itisanacademicapproximationoftheoriginaldesign,basedon

availableevidenceofthe1599and1614buildings,andislocatedapproximately750feet(230m)

fromthesiteoftheoriginaltheatre.

5.HowdidtheGlobeTheatrebegintobeonfireon29June1613?

A.Itwassetfiretobyaperformerbydesign.

B.Itcaughtfirebyaccidentduringaplay.

C.Amanputoutbreecheswithabottleofale.

D.Itwasstartedbywoodenbeamsandstraws.

6.Inwhatorderisthetextarranged?

A.TimeB.SpaceC.ImportanceD.Flashback

7.AccordingtothepassagealltheplayswereperformedintheGlobeTheatreEXCEPT

A.JamesBurbage.B.EveryManoutofHisHumour

C.HenryVIII.D.HenryV

8.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.ThepopularityoftheGlobeTheatre.

B.TheconstructionoftheGlobeTheatre.

C.ThefunctionoftheGlobeTheatre.

D.ThehistoryoftheGlobeTheatre.

【答案】

5.B6.A7.A8,D

【分析】

这是一篇说明文，文章按时间顺序介绍了英国环球剧院的历史。

5.

细节理解题。由第二段中的“On29,hJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringa

performanceofHenryVIII.Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthe

woodenbeamsandstraws.”（1613年6月29日，在《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火

To一支戏剧用的枪，在演出中引爆，没有打出子弹，烧了木梁和稻草）可知，环球剧院

是在一场戏中因为枪走火了才意外着火了。故选B项。

6.

推理判断题°由第一段中的“TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,

TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage'sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin

1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由Richard

Burbage的父亲JamesBurbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的），第二段中的“On29thJune1613,

theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIIL”（1613年6月29

曰，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了），第三段中的“Likealltheothertheatresin

London,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.

Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheact

to15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.^^（像伦敦所有

其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年或者稍晚些时候被拆除

的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件一为其

他建筑腾出空间）以及最后一段中的“Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named

“Shakespeare'sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV."（剧院的现代重建,命

名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》），结合时间状语可知，文

章是按时间顺序发展的。故选A项。

7.

细节理解题。由第一段中的"Thefirstperformanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswas

Jonson'sEveryManoutofHisHumour”（第一个保持稳定记录的表演是琼森的《每个人都

失去了他的幽默感》）,第二段中的“On29lhJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflames

duringaperformanceofHenryVIIL^^（1613年6月29日,《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院

着火了。）和最后一段中的“Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named"Shakespeare's

Globe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚

环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》。），可知环球剧院上演过《每个人都失去

了他的幽默感》、《亨利八世》和《亨利五世》，JamesBurbage不是戏剧，并未在环球剧院

演出。故选A项。

8.

主旨大意题。由第一段中的"TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,

TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage'sfather,JamesBuibage,inShoreditchin

1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由Richard

Burbage的父亲JamesBurbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的。），第二段中的“On29由June1613,

theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenry（1613年6月29

日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。），第三段中的“Ukealltheothertheatresin

London,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.Itwaspulleddownin1644,or

slightlylater——thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentified

asfalse—tomakeroomfbrother

buildings."（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年

被拆除的，或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15

日，被认定为虚假文件为其他建筑腾出空间。），最后一段中的“Amodemreconstruction

ofthetheatre,named“Shakespeare'sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.”（居lj

院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》）可知，

文章按时间顺序介绍了环球剧院的历史。故选D项。

TheVictorians'WayofHavingFun

Whetheritwasvisitingahumanzoo,takingabullonahot-airballoonride,orsinging

beautifulsongs,VictorianLondonerslovedtohavefun.Asperformancemanagerscameupwith

increasinglywell-designedwaystomakemoneyfromthecapitalhugepotentialaudience,

Victorianseffectivelyinventedthemodernleisureindustry-includingthemeparks,pubsand

professionalfootball.AsanewbookbyhistorianLeeJacksonexplains,thehuntforprofit

involvessurroundingmorality,classandempire.SowheredidVictoriansgofbrfun?Andwhat

stillexiststoday?

DancingRooms:ArgyllRooms,Piccadilly

It'snowabuildingsitenearLeicesterSquare,butwhentheArgyllRoomslostitslicencein

1878,therewasariot（暴舌L）.Drunkenstudentsweresoangryattheclosureoftheirfavourite

placethattheytooktothestreets.TheArgyllclosedasthedancecrazecametoanend,and

BignellturnedthespaceintotheTrocaderomusichall.Itkeptthatnamethroughthe20thcentury

whenitwastransformedintooneofLondon'smosttastelesstouristattractions.Thesitecurrently

awaitsdevelopmentintoahotel.

Pleasuregardens:GremomeGardens,Chelsea

GremomewasrunbythreeWestEndpubowners,popularamongtheyoungpeoplethen.It

closedin1877afterlosingitslicence.Pleasuregardensmoregenerallylosttheirmeaningof

existencewiththeestablishmentofpublicparks.London'srapidgrowthmeantthevaluableland

wasusuallysoldtobigcompaniesfbrotherpurposes,whichiswhysolittleofLondon'sgreat

pleasuregardensremain.

PleasuregardenswerealsoovershadowedbylargerexhibitiongroundssuchastheCrystal

Palace,whichtriedtofindawayofbalancingentertainmentwithculturaleducation.Little

physicallyremainsoftheCrystalPalaceitself,whichmovedtoSydenhamfromHydeParkin

1854,butthegrand200-acregroundsstillexistasapublicpark.

OnthesiteoftheMethodistCentralHallwasashort-livedattractionthatattemptedto

transporttheseasidetocentralLondon.ItwasrailwaysthatmadeMargateandSouthend

accessibletoLondoners,andsomeoftheleisureactivitiespeculiartotheseasidesoonmadeit

backtothecapital.Footballgrounds:CravenCottage,StevenageRoad,FulhamFulhamFC,

London'soldestprofessionalfootballclub,stillworksattheirfirstground,builtbytheVictorians

in1896.Versionsofthesporthadbeenaroundforcenturies,butitwastheVictorianswhocreated

thegameandthenprofessionalizedit.Thisledtoenclosedgroundswherespectatorspaidfor

admittance,withtheincomespentonacquiringnewplayers.Themoderngamewasborn.

9.Whichofthefollowingisnotsimilarinmeaningto“tooktothestreets”inPara.2?

A.gatheredtogetherinthestreetsB.enjoyedwindowshopping

C.wentoutsideonthestreetsD.protestedonthestreets

10.ThereasonwhyfewergreatpleasuregardensareleftinLondonisthat.

A.peoplebuiltmorefactoriesB.theywereturnedintofarmingland

C.thelandwassoldtodevelopersD.theybecameuniversitycampuses

11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Themoneyfromfootballisusedtobuynewplayers.

B.Londonhasmuchonitsfootballhistory.

C.FulhamF.C.ismorethan200yearsold.

D.TheVictorianshavecultivatedmanyfootballers.

12.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Thebuildingofrailwaysledtothethemeparks.

B.TheWestEnd'sgardensbecamebighotels.

C.TheVictorianslargelyinventedmodemleisureindustries.

D.Theincomefrommodernfootballsupportsnewplayers.

【答案】

9.BIO.Cll.B12.C

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些休闲

产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。

9.

词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句的前文背景介绍“…whentheArgyllRoomslostitslicence

in1878,therewasariot”可知，（1878年，ArgyllRooms失去了营业执照，引发了一场骚

舌L）这次骚乱应是知划线短语所在句内容“Drunkenstudentsweresoang