高中英语语法虚拟语气

高中英语语法虚拟语气

英语有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气1.陈述语气(TheindicativeMood)陈述事实,提出看法形式有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹句。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.

HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!22.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)表请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等.Let’shaveatalk.

Don’tjumpinthequeue.3虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念4

一、虚拟语气在条件句中If+主语+did（be动词用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋doIf+主语+haddone主语＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主语+did2、If+主语+wereto+do3、If+主语+should+do主语＋should,wouldmight,could＋do5eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就会更努力学习．如果我知道他的电话号码的话，我就给他打电话了．如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretorain,wewouldcalloff/cancelthematch.Morepractice:6Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundthe

world.7IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensive

car.8大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下，但要小声点9IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.10a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.11c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)fortheteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask12Ifhe__________(drive)morecarefully,

he________________(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad13IfI________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeen14a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______

(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgot/gottenwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.15c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone16Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.17假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.18a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks19c.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe20真实条件句时态关系

条件状从主句一般现在时shall/will+V原Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.a.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。

b.

真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。21Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。22ATTENTION：在真实条件句中,主句不用begoingto表将来,而用shall/will.(wrong)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(correct)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.232)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+V原,而直接用一般现在时。24使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状从的动作和主句的动作所发生的时间不一致时，叫做：错综时间条件句

动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．25Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.262.if从句中，省略if，将were，had，should提前，位于句首，形成倒装结构。not不能放在前面。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadnotseenhimthen,Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.HadInotseenhimthen,Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.273、含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用介词with，without，butfor（要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise或inthatcase(如果是那样的话)。281.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasbusythen.=IfIhadn’tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.2.Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.29Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you______sotired.drove;didn’tgetdrove;wouldn’tgetweredriving;wouldn’tgethaddriven;wouldn’thavegot30________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will31Ifyou______withGeorgeearlier,you_____soangrynow.talked;wouldnotbehadtalked;wouldnotbewouldtalk;wouldnotbehadtalked;wouldnothavebeen32Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver_____soseriouslynow.isnotpollutedwouldnotbepollutedhadnotbeenpollutedwouldnothavebeenpolluted33Withoutelectricity,humanbeinglife______quitedifferenttoday.iswillbewouldhavebeenwouldbe34Butforhishelp,I______.shouldnothavesucceededhavenotsucceededdidnotsucceedhadnotsucceeded35Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_____agoal.hadscoredscoredwouldscorewouldhavescored36—Whydidn’tyoubuyit?—I______butIdidn’thavethemoney.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.hadhadD.hadbought37二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句１、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在did/were表过去haddone表将来would,might,could＋doIwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\could/mightgo.38

Iwish(that)he________________(visit)ustomorrow.Iwish(that)he_________(visit)ustoday.I

wishhe____________________________(visit)usyesterday.would/could/mightvisitvisitedhadvisited392.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,(一坚持)order,command,(二命令)suggest,advise,propose,(三建议)require,request,demand,desire(四要求).Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“时，insist表示”坚持认为“时，用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．40注意：suggest:表明，暗示陈述语气建议虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_____（be)illandthatshe________________(send)tohospitalimmediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为陈述语气

坚持主张，坚持要求虚拟语气Heinsistedthathe____________(notsteal)themoneyandinsistedthathe_____________(set)free.was(should)besenthadn’tstolen(should)beset41Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing____untilthepeoplearrived.A.didn’ttouchB.touchedC.betouchedD.touch42在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋do”should可以省略．（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.43A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)thatsb.should+do我们有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2她这样做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

3重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

（3）虚拟语气在在主语从句中44B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….thatsb.(should)

doItisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..Sb.(should)+doIt’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.45Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatshecan’tsing.Itisstrangethatthelazyboy_____passtheexam.A.hasB.shouldC.wouldD.might461.Itis(high/about)timethatsbshoulddo/didsth.三、虚拟语气在其他从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly（要是．．．该有多好啊)IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!47I’mgettingtired;it’stimewe_____home.A.goB.aregoingC.wentD.shouldbegoing483.wouldrather+从句现在/将来did过去haddoneIwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.49asif/asthough（好像）+从句与现在相反did/were与过去相反haddone与将来相反would/could/might+doHelooksasifhewereanartist.Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.(区分evenif/though)50注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken515.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.526.当incase,lest,forfearthat等引导状语从句时,从句用(should)+do。eg.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Ishallringyouuplestyou(should)forgettocome.Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould/mightrain.在此类情况中,incase引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气,如:eg.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.

53四情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以---mighthavedone本来可能---should/oughttohavedone本来应该做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不该做--你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---比较：didn’tneedtodo没必要做也没有做---我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做----我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.54Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.wasCAAA555.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.are

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen8.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.

A.would

B.shouldhave

C.may

D.haveBBcA56虚拟语气高考链接1.——Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为wouldhave则成立，可以理解为IwouldhavecomeifIhadn’thadanunexpectedvisitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wasgoingto可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。

572.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.(NMET)A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。

虚拟语气高考链接3.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.(NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should)do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。58虚拟语气高考链接4.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。

5.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。

596.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.(NMET)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是