英语五级语法宝典

剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 122剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 111目录比较级和最高级-K&P 1频率、时间和地点的状语短语-K&P 1冠词-K&P 1WOULDLIKE-K&P 1动名词和不定式-K&P 1一般将来时-K&P 1一般现在时-K&P 1祈使句-K&P 1现在进行时-K&P 1一般过去时-K&P 1现在完成时-K&P 1过去完成时-K&P 1过去将来时-P 1过去进行时-K&P 1连词-K&P 1代词-K&P 1介词-K&P 1数词-K&P 1THEREBE句型-K&P 1宾语从句-K&P 1定语从句-K&P 1条件状语从句-K&P 1反义疑问句-K&P 1表语从句-P 1被动语态-K&P 1副词-K&P 1HOW-K&P 1常见动词短语-K&P 1将来完成时-P 1过去完成进行时-P 1WISH/IFONLY-K&P 1 比较级和最高级-K&P MarkisnotastallasRoy.RoyistallerthanMark.EvanismuchtallerthanMark.EvanisalittletallerthanRoy.Markistheshortestboyofthethree.比较级和最高级的构成构成原级比较级最高级greatfastgreaterfastergreatestfastest以字母e结尾只加-rstnicewidenicerwidernicestwidest以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音hotfathotterfattesthottestfattest以辅音字母+yy变为i，再加-eresthappylazyhappierlazierhappiestlaziest构成原级比较级最高级moremostdifficultdifficultlymore/lessdifficultmore/lessdifficultlymost/leastdifficultmost/leastdifficultly原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新旧/年龄）兄弟姐妹长幼关系）oldest/eldestfarfarther（距离：更远）further（程度：进一步）farthest/furthest原级的两种结构名称结构意思注意同级比较（肯定）as…as…与…一样中间加形容词或副词的原级同级比较（否定）notso/as…as…不如，不像…比较级的结构剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE11PAGEPAGE11剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE10PAGEPAGE10名称结构意思注意递增比较级more/-er+than比…更more与er不共存-erand-er越来越…moreandmore原级递减比较级less+adj./adv.+than比…更不less+形容词原级最高级的结构名称结构意思注意最高级the+-est最…themost原级最…theleast原级最不….各种比较级之间可以如何转换呢？MarkisnotastallasEvan.=EvanisnotasshortasMark.=MarkisshorterthanEvan.=EvanistallerthanMark.=MarkislesstallthanEvan.=EvanislessshortthanMark.比较级和最高级之间可以如何转换Evanistallerthanany(other)boyofthethree.=Evanistallerthantheotherboysofthethree.=Evanisthetallestofthethree.单项选择题。Travellingbyairmaybe ,butnotso .quicker,cheaper B.morequickly,cheapC.quicker,cheap D.morequickly,cheaperWhichis ,EnglishorChinese?interesting B.interestingerC.moreinteresting D.mostinterestingIthinkscienceis foreignlanguages.moredifficultas B.asdifficultasC.verydifficultthan D.muchdifficultthan答案CCB 频率、时间和地点的状语短语-K&P 描述某事发生的频率，常见的短语如下：everymorning,everyafternoon,everyday,everymonth,everySunday–onSundays–onSundayafternoonsonceaday,twiceadaythree/four/fivetimesadayallthetime例句：Ihavetoastforbreakfasteveryday.Wevisitourgrandparentstwiceamonth.使用时间副词和副词短语来谈论何时做某事，常见的副词/短语如下：now,firstofall,beforehandsoon,afterwards,later,next,then例句：Tomorrow,I’mgoingtothebeach.I’mgoingtothebeachtomorrow.使用地点副词和副词短语来谈论某事发生的地方，常见的副词/短语如下：outside,inside,indoors,upstairs,downstairs(over)here,(over)thereabroad,overseas例句：Let’sgoindoors.（通常跟在动词后）Rachelworksintheofficeupstairs.（通常跟在宾语后）Weeverydaygothepark句子改错)Johngoesswimmingeverydays句子改错)答案 冠词-K&P 冠词的定义含义。冠词的分类Ihaveadog.Ilikeplayingfootballwiththedog.（不定冠词） （零冠词） （定冠词）不定冠词a/anone同源，后接可数名词单数。表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。aan要取决于词首字母的读音是元音音素an（一般读作[æn]）。anapple[ˈæpl]anicecream[aɪs]anorange[ˈɒrɪndʒ]anhonestboy[ˈɒnɪst]anumbrella[ʌmˈbrelə]anhour[ˈaʊə(r)]a（一般读作[ə]）。afriend[frend]aEuropean[ˌjʊərəˈpi:ən]auniversity[ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:sətɪ]aone-eyedmonster['wʌn'aɪd]auniform[ˈju:nɪfɔ:m]ausefulbook[ˈju:sfl]零冠词概念：零冠词即名词前不加冠词a/an/the。零冠词的常见用法节学三餐饭 如：①节日（中国传统节日除外）：TodayisNewYear’sDay.②学科：MyfavouritesubjectisChinese.③早餐/午餐/晚餐：Myparentswillhavedinneroutsidetonight.年月星季换 如：①年份：Iwasbornin1999.②月份：Mayismyfavouritemonth.③星期：Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek.④季节：Leavesturnyellowinautumn.球人地国简 如：①球类运动：playfootball.②人名：Mikeisinthesameclasswithme.③地名：LondonisthecapitalofEngland.④国家简称：ChinaisnotveryfarawayfromAmerica.（China是thePeople’sRepublicofChina的简称，AmericatheUnitedStates的简称）班年棋牌前 如：①班级、年级：LindaisinClassTwoGradeSix.②棋类、牌类LilyandLucyoftenplaychessonSundaysandplaycardsonSaturdays.4.零冠词口诀节学三餐饭 年月星季换球人地国简 班年棋牌前定冠词概念：①特指：表示某个或某些、某类特定的人或事物。②重提：特指上文提到过的人或事物。用法：①表示世界上独一无二的事物。thesun太阳themoon月亮theearth地球theuniverse宇宙,②序数词前通常要用定冠词，表示顺序。③用在形容词最高级前。④用于西洋乐器名词前playthepiano／guitar／violin 弹钢琴/弹吉他/拉小提琴⑤整十年份+s：表示某个世纪中的“……十年代”。如：Thewarbrokeoutinthe1880s.⑥用于姓氏的复数之前，表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。WeallliketheSmiths.⑦含the的某些习惯用语和固定搭配，如：方位：ontheleft/right在左/右边intheeast/west在东/西方时间：inthepast在过去inthefuture 在未来⑧用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、国家全名、地名等专有名词前。如：theIndianOcean印度洋thePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国定冠词“the”口诀特指重提与唯一，岛屿河流与群山。方位顺序最高级，乐器年代与固搭。姓氏复数国全名，请你记住用定冠。the定冠词“the”口诀特指重提与唯一，岛屿河流与群山。方位顺序最高级，乐器年代与固搭。姓氏复数国全名，请你记住用定冠。单项选择。Sallyis eight-year-oldgirl,andshe’sverylovely.a B.anCthe D.不填Ihad headacheandstayedin bedforawholedayyesterday.a,the B.the,aC./,/ D.a,/Tim,doyouhave football?Let’splay footballtogether.a;a B.an;theC.the;/ D.a;/答案BDD wouldlike-K&P like是Ilike的缩写，意思是更礼貌。I’dlikeabiscuit.我想要一块饼干。Wouldyoulikesometea?你想要喝茶吗？Wouldlike后可以直接跟名词或者todo形式：名词: Wouldyoulikeabiscuit?动词: WouldyouliketogotoMalaysia?wouldlike（想要）like（喜欢）的区别：用like去谈论我们的长期喜好：Ilikechocolatecake.It’smyfavouritefood.wouldlike去谈论现在想要的事物，或者是未来想要的事物。I’dlikeacupofcoffeeplease.I’dliketoworkinachocolatefactory.Wouldyoulike tomyhousefordinner?AcomeBtocomeCfortocomeWouldyoulikeabiscuit?AYes,please.BIliketea.CYes,I’d.Myhusband bananas.Heeatsoneeveryday.AwouldlikeBlikesCwouldeat答案 动名词和不定式-K&P 动名词动名词就是动词的ing形式，用作名词。比如：eatinggoingseeing例句：Smokingisbadforyou.吸烟有害健康。比如：likehateenjoyquit,suggest,dislikedeny例句：IlikecookingIenjoyfishing.例句：I’minterestedinbuyingacomputer.I’mscaredofwalkingaloneinthedark.动名词to搭配使用。比如：(to)eat,to)goto)see.比如：agreearrange,ask,promisedecide,afford例句：Iagreedtodothework.IarrangedtoseethedoctorTheydecidedtogetmarried.例句：Tonywenttothepostofficetopayabill.例句：IwassurprisedtoseeEricaI’mpleasedtomeetyou.比如：start,begin,hatelikeprefercontinueShestartedtocry=Shestartedcrying.Ihatewatchinghorrorfilms=Ihatetowatchhorrorfilms.比如：trayrememberstopItriedtogetintothehouse我努力/尽力进入这个房子).Itriedclimbingthroughthewindow我尝试爬窗户通过)Istoppedcleaningthewindows.(我停止下来，不清洁窗户了).Istoppedtocleanthewindows我停下来（某件事），然后去清洁窗户).单项选择题。We’regoingtoChicago myuncle.tovisitforvisitvisitIwasdrivingtotownwhenIsawHannahwalkingonthepavement,soIstopped…givingheralifttogiveheralift.forgiveheralift.I’msurethat abroadwillmakeLisaalotmoreindependent.toliveliveliving答案ABC 一般将来时-K&P 一般将来时的概念tomorrow，next，in一段时间等表示将来的时间状语连用。过去 现在 将来一般将来时的结构will结构（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态）主语be动词其他Iwillbe/won’tbeheretomorrow.You/We/TheyinGuangzhousoon.He/She/Ittallnextyear.特殊：TherewillbeTherewillbeafootballmatchtomorrowafternoon.begoingto结构（表示计划、打算做某事）主语实义动词其他Iamgoingtodancewithher.You/We/Theyaregoingtoswimtogether.He/She/Itisgoingtoleavesoon.is/aregoingtobe…Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchtomorrow.Therearegoingtobetwonewplanesnextyear.shall结构主语shall+动词原形.shallI/we现在分词的变化规则规则例子一般在词尾加ingread-reading以不发音的字母eeingmake-makingdance-dancing尾字母，再加ingput-puttingjog-joggingieie变成y，再加inglie-lyingtie-tying一般将来时的时间状语tomorrow系列：thedayaftertomorrownext系列：nextWednesdaysoonin时间段：in3days相对而言的将来时间。现在进行时可以表将来ThisisBen’sdiaryfornextweek.HeisplayingtennisonMondayafternoon.HeisgoingtothedentistonTuesdaymorning.HeishavingdinnerwithKateonFriday.计划做某事”时，可以用进行时来表将来。Alexisgettingmarriednextmonth.‘Tina,areyoureadyyet?’‘Yes,I’mcoming.’单项选择题。Shewill amagazineaboutanimalsafterschool.buys B.buyC.isbuying D.goingtobuyMybrother freetomorrow.willis B.isC.willbe D.isbeingHe visitBeijingwithhisclassmatesnextweek.willbe B.aregoingtoC.goingto D.isgoingto答案BCD 一般现在时-K&P Alexisabusdriver,butnowheisinbedasleep.Heisnotdrivingabus.Heisasleep.Buthedrivesabus.Heisabusdriver.一般现在时的用法高到底排列为：always＞usually＞often＞sometimes＞seldom＞never总是 常常 经常 有时 很少 从来不更多的频率副词：everymorning/night/evening/day/week/year每个早上/晚上/傍晚/天/周/年once/twice/threetimesaweek每周一/二/三次表示现在的状态。例：SamisastudentSam是一个学生。（Sam现在的身份是一个学生）表示客观事实和普遍真理。例：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的基本结构主语be动词形容词／名词Iamgoodatswimming.You/We/Theyareeightyearsold.He/She/Itisalwayshappy.主语实义动词其它Ilikeswimming.You/We/Theygotoschoolonfoot.He/She/Itsingsabeautifulsong.一般现在时动词第三人称单数变形规则情况构成方法例词一般情况加-sstop-stops以o结尾的词加-esgo-goessxshch等结尾的词加-eswash-washes以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为iesstudy-studieshave变have为hashave-has句子改错。Iamlikerunningverymuch.……………………IamcomefromGuangzhou.……………………Whattimeisthebankclosetoday?……………………答案 祈使句-K&P Must常用于标志和通知中以给出指示。祈使句在给出命令时不需要主语：Youwashyourhands.=> Washyourhands.Don’t：Don’tsitthere!Whichwordgoesinthespace? talktoJohn,he’sbusy.NotNoDon’tPassengers talktothedriver.mustnotshouldcan 现在进行时-K&P Sarahisinhercar.Sheisonherwaytowork.Sheisdrivingtowork.现在进行时的用法现在进行时表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情，与现在进行nowatthemoment,looklisten等。过去 此时此刻 将来现在进行时的基本结构现在进行时的构成是:主语beamis,are)doing+其它.主语动词其它.Iamdoinghomeworknow.You/We/Theyaredoinghomeworknow.He/She/Itisdoinghomeworknow.现在进行时的时间状语当句子中有now，listen，lookatthemoment时，常表示动作正在进行；例：Theyareplayingbasketballnow. 在他们正在打篮球。thisweek,thesedays等时间状语；例：Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动，此时也常用现在进行时。例：Lookatthepicture.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.用括号里的单词的适当形式填空。Let’sgoout.It (not/rain)now.Juliaisverygoodatlanguages.She (speak)fourlanguagesverywell.TheRiverNile (flow)intotheMediterranean.答案isn’trainingspeaksflows 一般过去时-K&P WolfgangAmadeusMozartwasanAustrianmusicianandcomposer.Helivedfrom1756to1791.Hestartedcomposingattheageoffiveandwrotemorethan600piecesofmusic.Hewasonly35yearsoldwhenhedied.一般过去时的概念等时间状语连用。过去现在 将来一般过去时的基本结构主语be动词过去式其他Iwaseightyearsoldlastyear.You/We/Theywerehappyatthepartylastnight.He/She/Itwasilltwodaysago.主语实义动词其他Iwenttotheparkyesterday.You/We/Theydidn’tswimlastnight.He/She/Itdidn’tknowtheanswerthismorning.一般过去时的动词形式规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加-edplayed,workede结尾的词加-dlived,likedy结尾的词y变i再加-edcarried,studied只有一个辅音字母的词双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstopped,planned不规则变化（需要特殊记忆），常见的如下：动词原形过去式动词原形过去式am/iswaseatatearewerehave/hashadreadread/e/buyboughtdodidcatchcaughtdrawdrewfeedfeddrinkdrankfeelfeltdrivedrovefindfound一般过去时的时间标志词yesterday系列：thedaybeforeyesterdayago系列：3daysagolast系列：lastWednesdayjustnow刚才其它相对而言的过去时间：in1994单项选择题。Washeatwork ?now B.nextweekC.nextSunday D.yesterdayDidRose lastSunday?wentswimming B.readabookC.takingpictures D.findsitTom veryhappylastnight.looks B.is C.was D.were答案DBC 现在完成时-K&P 现在完成时的用法Hehasleftthiscity. 他已经离开了这座城市。（结果：他不在这座城市了）Ihavefinishedmyhomework. 我已经完成了作业。（结果：我可以做其他事情了）IhavelearnedEnglishforsixyears. (有可能还会继续学习下去)Hehaslivedheresincehewassixyearsold. 从他六岁起就一直在这住了。（有可能会一直在这住下去）现在完成时的结构句子结构举例肯定句：主语＋have/hasdone（过去分词）+其他…Ihavelivedherefortenyears.否定句：主语＋have/hasnot+done（过去分词）+其他…Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done（过去分词）+其他…?No,主语＋have/hasnot.-HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?--Yes,Ihave.--No,Ihaven’t.动词过去分词变化规则规则变化变化规律原形过去分词-edplayworkplayedworked以e结尾的词加-dlivelikelivedliked以辅音字母加yy变i再加-edcarrystudycarriedstudied-edstopplanstoppedplanned不规则变化动词原形过去式过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词am/iswasbeenbringbroughtbroughtarewerebeenbuildbuiltbuiltreadread/e/read/e/buyboughtboughtdodiddonecatchcaughtcaughtdrawdrewdrawnfeedfedfeddrinkdrankdrunkfeelfeltfeltdrivedrovedrivenfindfoundfoundeatateeatenhavehadhadfallfellfallenhearheardheardflyflewflownkeepkeptkeptgivegavegivenleaveleftleftgowentgonemakemademadegrowgrewgrownmeetmetmetknowknewknownpaypaidpaidrideroderiddensaysaidsaidringrangrungsellsoldsoldseesawseensendsentsentsingsangsungsitsatsatspeakspokespokensleepsleptsleptstealstolestolenspendspentspentswimswamswumstandstoodstoodtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwearworeworntelltoldtoldwritewrotewrittenthinkthoughtthoughtlendlentlentunderstandunderstoodunderstoodloselostlostforgetforgotforgottenbecomebecamebecomegetgotgotcomecamecomeshowshowedshownlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwakewoke/wakedwokenrunranrundreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreamedbeginbeganbegunbreakbrokebroken现在完成时的时间状语already已经bynow到目前为止yet还没just刚才sofar到目前为止lately最近since自从for持续since和for的区别since+时间点/一般过去时句子例：sinceMarch/April/May…for+时间段例：forfourmonths…forfourmonthssince+ April May June Julyalready和yet的区别释义句式位置already已经肯定句句中yet还没/…了吗否定句和疑问句句尾havebeentohavegoneto区别：havebeentoA B 了。havegonetoA B 表示去了某个地方，但还没回来单选题。Themanwho toyoujustnowisTom.talked B.talking C.talks D.talkCanyoutellmethenameofthefactorythatyou lastweek?visits B.werevisiting C.visit D.visitedHaveyouever toShanghai?be B.are C.been D.was答案ADC 过去完成时-K&P 过去完成时的概念（过去的过去）SomeoneputithereafterIhadparkedmycar.后发生 先发生过去完成时的结构主语haddone+其他BeforeIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.过去完成时的时间状语BeforeBenwenttothepark,hehadfinishedhishomework.before +从句（一般过去时）,主句（过去完成时）AfterBenhadfinishedhishomework,hewenttothepark.after+从句（过去完成时）,主句（一般过去时）by+过去时间点：到…为止bytheendof+过去时间点：到…为止before过去时间点：在…之前PET写作中，需注意：楚动作的先后顺序，才能用对时态。例如：getup gotoschool先发生 后发生过去完成时 一般过去时AfterIhadgotup,Iwenttoschool. AfterIgotup,Ihadgonetoschool. X剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE39PAGEPAGE37剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE38PAGEPAGE38单选题。Bytheendoflastweek,I thousandsoftrees.willplant B.hadplantedC.haveplanted D.willhaveplantedWe theworkbysixyesterdayevening.finished B.wouldfinishC.hadfinished D.hadbeenfinishedI 3,000wordswhenIwas10.learn B.hadlearntC.havelearnt D.waslearning答案BCB 过去将来时-P 过去将来时的定义于宾语从句中。过去将来时的结构表示按计划或安排即将发生的事：主语be(was/were)goingto+动词原形Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.表示主观意愿的将来：主语would/should+动词原形Shesaidshewasgoingtostartoffatonce.过去进行时表过去将来时comegoleave,arrive,start等瞬间动词可用过去进行时表过去将来的含义。Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.Jennysaidshe herholidayinChina.spent B.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospent D.wouldspendIhopedTina tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.tocome B.iscomingC.wouldcome D.comingFathersaidthathe metoBeijingthenextyear.took B.wouldtakeC.takes D.willtake答案DCB 过去进行时-K&P 过去进行时的用法①过去某时刻正在发生的动作Hewascookingatsixlastnight.②过去某段时间持续进行的动作IwasstayingherefromMarchtoMaylastyear.③在复合句中，从句常用when，while等引导，表示“当……的时候”HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.其中，while引导的从句中动词通常使用进行时。Whenhewokeup,itwaseighto'clock．（√）Whilehewokeup,itwaseighto'clock．（×）WhenIwaswaitingforabus,Imether．（√）WhileIwaswaitingforabus,Imether．（√）常用的过去进行时时间状语①过去某一时刻：atthattime，atthatmoment，at+时刻+yesterday，at9lastnight等②过去某段时间：from…to…+过去的时间，fromMarchtoMaylastyear，from8to9yesterday，allthemorning等过去进行时的结构剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE41PAGEPAGE41剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE42PAGEPAGE42句式结构肯定句主语+was/weredoing+其它否定句主语+was/werenotdoing+其它一般疑问句及答语Was/Were+主语+doing+其它?Yes,主语+was/were.No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.特殊疑问句其它?I (have)mybreakfastathalfpastsixyesterdaymorning.--Wasyourfatherathomeyesterdayevening?--Yes,hewas.He (listen)totheradio.He (notmake)amodelshipwhenIsawhim.答案washavingwaslisteningwasn’tmaking 连词-K&P 连词的定义及功能任句子成分，而只起连接作用。连词的分类并列关系and,both…and…,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…选择关系or,either…or…转折关系although,but,though,however因果关系so,because并列关系and表示并列和对称，“……和……”例：Theybegantosinganddance.他们开始唱唱跳跳。both…and两者都……”例：BothLilyandLucycanspeakEnglish.LilyLucy都会说英文。notonly…butalso不仅……而且……”例：Fionacanplaynotonlybasketballbutalsovolleyball.Fiona不仅会打篮球而且会打排球。neither…nor…表示并列否定，“既不……也不……”或“……和……都不……”例：NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。选择关系or表示选择，“或者，还是”Doyoucometoschoolbybikeorbybus?你是骑自行车还是乘公交车上学？either…or…表示选择，“或者……或者……；要么……要么……”EitheryouorIhavetodothehousework.或者是你或者是我，必须做家务。转折关系but表示转折，“但是”Theskirtisnice,butit’stooexpensive.这条裙子很漂亮，但是太贵了。however表示转折，“但是”，一般放在句首，后面紧跟逗号Keepingpetsisinteresting.However,thecostisalsohigh.注意：however虽然表示转折，但并不是连词，而是副词。although表示“虽然”、“尽管”，一般后面紧跟一个事实。注意：althoughbut不可以连用。Althoughit’sdarkoutside,shewalkshomealone.因果关系so表示原因；“因此，所以”Hegotuplate,sohemissedthebus.他起床晚了，因此错过了公交汽车。because表示原因；“因为……”，后面一般紧跟从句Theyweresadbecausetheylostthematch.因为输了比赛，所以他们很沮丧。becauseof表示原因；“因为……”，后面一般紧跟名词（词组）MarymovedtoShanghaibecauseofherfamily.连词中的就近原则①notonly…butalso…Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwasagainsttheplan.②neither…nor…NeitheryounorIamwrong.③either…or…Eitheryouorheisright.在写作中一定要注意：在中文里我们常常说“因为……所以……”,而在英语里because和so都表示因果，不能够用在同一个句子中，要单独使用。(X)BecauseherMomboughtherabeautifulhat,soshewasveryhappy.(√)BecauseherMomboughtherabeautifulhat,shewasveryhappy.(√)HerMomboughtherabeautifulhat,soshewasveryhappy.“虽然……但是……”,althoughbut(x)Althoughitwasveryhard,buthediditwell.(√)Althoughitwasveryhard,hediditwell.(√)Itwasveryhard,buthediditwell单项选择。( )1.WeboughtGrannyapresent, shedidn’tlike .A.and,it B.but,it C.so,one D.but,one( )2.Don'tpush runwhenyougetonabus.A.and B.or C.so D.yet( )3.Wemissedthetrain wehadtosleepatahotel.A.so B.because C.but D.though答案BBA 代词-K&P 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格I我we我们you你you你们he他she她it它they他、她、它们宾格me我us我们you你you你们him他her她it它them他、她、它们my我的our我们的your你的your你们的his他的her她的its它的their他、她、它）们的名词性mine我的ours我们的yours你的yours你们的his他的hers她的its它的theirs他、她、它）们的myself我ourselves我们自己yourself你自己yourselves你们自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己themselves他、她、它）们自己人称代词1.定义：代替人和事物的名称，避免了名词的重复，分为主格和宾格。主格：在句中做主语，放在谓语前（谓语：动词，动词短语等）。宾格：跟在及物动词、介词towithat,than等)的后面。主格&go物主代词定义：表示所有关系的代词，表明“谁的”，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。结构：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词mybook=mine双重所有格中的物主代词结构：a,an,this,that等+名词+of+名词性物主代词afriendofhers 她的一个朋友反身代词“谁自己”。常考的高频反身代词词组：enjoyoneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快=haveagoodtimeteachoneselfsth. 自学=learnsth.byoneselfhelponeself(to)……lookafteroneself 照顾好自己=takecareofoneselfdosth.(all)byoneselfhurtoneself（某人）伤害到自己指示代词“这（些）”，“那（些）”等。常见指示代词这那单数thisthat复数thesethose注意：that和those还可以指上文提到的人或物this和these指下文中将要讲到的人或物。Rebeccagotuplate.That'swhyshewaslateforschool.Thisisherhomework.thatRebeccagotuplate.这件事，this指代的是下文讲到的homework疑问代词定义：用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有：①指人：whowhomwhose（谁的）②指物：what③既可指人又可指物：which不定代词常见的不定代词①one/that/it的用法：泛指和特指one表泛指，同类异物E.gIcan'tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone.(one泛指任何一顶帽子)it表特指，同类同物E.gIcan'tfindmyhat.Idon'tknowwhereIputit.(it跟myhat是同一物)that表特指，同类异物E.g.ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought.（that跟thehat是同类但不同物）some/any和many/much：“一些，很多”（此类问句中表示someany），如WouldyoulikesomeWhat/Howaboutsome…?May/CanI…some…?少许”和“一点儿”：few/afew和little/alittle（表肯定）（表否定）后接可数名词afewfew后接不可数名词alittlelittle复合不定代词）-thing（人）-body（人）-one）-where某some-something某物somebody某人someone某人somewhere某地任何anythinganybodyanyoneanywhereany-任何事物任何人任何人任何地方没有no-nothing没有东西nobody没有人noone没有人nowhere没有地方每个every-everything每个事物everybody每个人everyone每个人everywhere每个地方单项选择。Doyouhave todothisevening?importantsomething B.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant D.importantanything watchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.Somebody,is B.Someone,areC.Nobody,is D.Nobody,areWouldyoulike ?Icangetitforyou.somethingelse B.anyoneelseC.everythingelse D.nothingelse答案BCA 介词-K&P IwenttoacinemaonFriday.Itwasalovelyday.Therewasn’tacloudinthesky.WhenIwenttothecinema,Isatinthefrontrow.介词用法句子成分。常考的介词用法表示时间①in,on,atin+月季年世纪早午晚inJanuary/summer/1994/the1990s/themorning…on+具体某一天/只有一天的节日onMarch9th/ChristmasDay…at+钟点/固搭at8o’clock/midnight/themoment…注意：由this,that,these,those,todayyesterdaytomorrowlast,next等构成in/on/at。I'llvisitmygrandparentsthisweek.Therewasafootballmatchyesterdayevening.②overwithin,thoughoutfrom…to…fortwomonthsduringtheMiddleAgesfromMondaytoSunday③其他常考的时间介词固定搭配ontime准时intime及时attheendof…在…结尾intheend最后bytheendof…在…之前uptonow截止现在表示方位①表示方位：at,in,ontounderbehindinfrontofat表示在小地方；athome/schoolin表示在大地方；inChina/Guangzhouon表示在毗邻，接壤，在上面；onthewallto表示在…范围外，不强调是否接壤；JapanistotheeastofChina.infrontof和inthefrontof区别：infrontof表示在外部的前面；inthefrontof表示在内部的前面；across和through区别：across强调穿过某一平面；through强调某一空间内穿过；betweenamong区别：between强调在两者之间；among强调在三者或者三者以上之间；overonabove区别：over表示某一物体的正上方，不接触；on表示某一物体的上面，有接触；above表示某一物体的上方，但不一定接触；under和below区别：underover相对；below表示某一物体的下方，但不一定垂直；Iwasborn July1,1982.Heissitting thefrontofthecar.Didyoulive Beijingin1997?HegottoGuangzhou themorningofthe16thofApril.Let’splaytabletennis Tuesdaymorning,shallwe?答案onininonon 数词-K&P 数词基数词hundred百 thousand千 tenthousand万onehundredthousand十万 million百万onehundredmillion亿 billion十亿序数词第一、第二、第三独立的单词first,second,third第四到第十九-th构成fourth,seventhfiftheighthninth,twelfth等的拼写较特殊二十以上整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为ieth构成twentieth，fiftieth第二十一到九十九前面的十位数用基数数词，中间用连字符“-”twenty-first，thirty-third数词的常见用法日期的表达第一种顺序为“月日年”，December1st，2009第二种顺序为“日月年”，1stDecember，2009时刻的表达A.先小时，后分钟6:30 (sixthirty)7:52 (sevenfifty-two)B.先分钟，后小时表示分钟数≤30分钟，+past+钟点数”5:25 (twenty-fivepastfive)表示分钟数>30分钟，用“（60-分钟数）to+下一个钟点数”10:43 eleven)剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE57PAGEPAGE57剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 56PAGEPAGE56C.整点，直接用“钟点数（+oclock）”6:00 (sixo'clock)D.half表示E.aquarter表示10:30 (halfpastten)4:45 (aquartertofive)单项选择Thereare starsinthesky,butsomeofthemaretoofartobeseen.thousands B.thousandsofC.thousandof D.twothousandsThebookis15dollars.Thepenis3dollars.HowmuchshouldIpay?Twenty-seconddollars. B.Eighteendollars.C.Twenty-twodollars. D.Twodollars.--Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?--Yes,itis .A.856,026 B.85,626 C.85,662 D.58,626答案BBB Therebe句型-K&P Therearesometoysonthefloor.Thereisayellowtoycarinthelittleboy’shand.Therebe句型用法表示某地有某物。Therebe句型的结构时态结构一般现在时Thereis/are….一般过去时Therewas/were….一般将来时Therewillbe….Thereis/aregoingtobe….Therebe句型就近原则Therebe句型中be动词的单复数形式，由紧挨be的名词的单复数决定。Thereisaruler,twopensandfivebooksintheschoolbag.Therearefivebooks,twopensandarulerintheschoolbag.Therebe和have的比较区别：therebe意为“存在”，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE59PAGEPAGE59剑桥通用五级KP剑桥通用五级KP语法宝典 PAGE58PAGEPAGE58have意为“有”，表示所属关系，强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。E.g.Therearesometreesinfrontofthehouse.TomhasmanyfriendsinChina.单项选择。There averyimportantpersononboardthatday.is B.are C.were D.wasn’tAtlast,thepolicefoundthatthere abombontheplane.is B.isn’t C.was D.areThere alotofgoodnewsintoday'snewspaper.is B.are C.was D.were答案DCA 宾语从句-K&P 例句：HeaskedhowoftenIdidexercise.结构：主+谓+引导词+主谓宾语。哪些句子可以做宾语？陈述句 heisafamousbasketballplayer.一般疑问句willourteachersattendthemeeting?特殊疑问句howoftendoyouexercise?宾语从句的连接词有哪些？宾语连接词能否省略例句陈述句that可省略Hesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesports.一般疑问句if/whether不可省略Iaskif/whetherhewantstogoswimming.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词不可省略Iwonderwhichtieyoulikebest.宾语从句的语序：+谓语Idon’tknowhowmuchisit. XIdon’tknowhowmuchitis. √宾语从句的时态：主句从句例句一般现在时任意时态Idon’tthinkyouareright.Stuartsaysthathehasbeensleepingforsixhours.一般过去时相应的过去式Stuartsaidthathehadbeensleepingforsixhours.过去时客观真理时，依然用一般现在时Stuartsaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.如何把直接引语变成间接引语？间接引语：用第三方的语气来转述别人的话。直接变间接的规则：例子：Heasked“Howoftendoyouexercise?”HeaskedhowoftenIdidexercise.一变：变标点，saidto改为told+谓语一随主：第一人称随主句的主语变二随宾：第二人称随主句的宾语变直接引语间接引语一般现在时过去时现在完成时过去完成时isaregoingto）过去将来时weregoingto）直接引语间接引语nowthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthenextdaythreedaysagothreedaysbeforelastyeartheyearbeforenextmonththenext/followingmonthheretherethis/thesethat/those单项选择。Myfathersaidthathe abookforme.hasbought B.hadboughtC.buy D.buysTheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25th ChristmasDay.is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbeMr.Greensaidthatthere notimetogothere.was B.is C.are D.were答案BAA 定语从句-K&P 定语的概念：修饰名词的成分/介词短语/句子/后面定语从句的定义：例句：TheladywhostandsbesidePrinceWilliamisKateMiddleton.KateMiddletonisaladywholikessportandphotograph.TheyhaveasoncalledGeorgewhowasbornin2013.+关系词+从句关系词：起连接作用。定语从句的分类：例句名称特点Themanwhocutsmyhaircutmyearyesterday.限制性定语从句无逗号Tony,whocutsmyhair,cutmyearyesterday.非限制性定语从句有逗号常见的关系词：①关系代词：whowhom,whose,that,whichas②关系副词：whenwhere,why关系代词的用法：关系代词指代人物句子主语宾语定语who√√√可省略whom√√可省略which√√√√可省略that√√√√可省略whose√√√例句：Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor指代人，充当主语)Thewomanwho/whom)Iwantedtoseewasawayonholiday指代人，充当宾语，可省略)Whereisthecheesewhich/thatwasinthefridge?指代物，充当主语)Haveyoufoundthekeysthat/which)youlost?指代物，充当宾语，可省略)Wesawsomepeoplewhosecarhadbrokendown.指代人，做定语)ThepeoplewithwhomIworkareverynice.指代人，做宾语)that作为引导词SheisthebestplayerthatIhaveeverseen.先行词被最高级修饰的时候Sheisthefirstwomanthatwinsthegames.先行词被序数词修饰的时候Icannotforgetthethingsandthepeoplethatwetalked.先行词为人+物的时候Thethiefreturneduseverythingthathehadstolen.Sheistheonlyplayerthatjoinedintheclub.theonlythevery时that作为引导词That’stheshipwhich/thatwetravelledon.That’stheshiponwhichwetravelled.thatThefamily,wholosteverythinginthefire,lefttheirhome.逗号后，（非限制性定语从句）关系副词的用法：关系副词指代所充当的成分when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语例句：Thisisthehouse.Estherlivedinthehouse.ThisisthehouseinwhichEstherlived.ThisisthehousewhereEstherlived.Thisistheday.Pauldiedonthatday.ThisisthedayonwhichPauldied.ThisisthedaywhenPauldied.关系副词在什么情况使用？①先行词表示时间、地点、原因的时候②先行词带入从句中，缺少介词的时侯Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactory weareworking.Icanneverforgettheday weworkedtogether.Heoftenhelpsthestudents arenotquickattheirstudies.答案wherewhenwho/that 条件状语从句-K&P Theclubisformembersonly:Youcan’tgoinunlessyouareamember.Youcan’tgoinexceptifyouareamember.Youcan’tgoinonlyifyouareamember.Youcangoinaslongasyouareamember.Youcangoinifyouareamember.第一条件句的概念常见条件句的引导词if如果，假如Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.unless除非，若不ifnotUnlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.=Thegamewillbeplayedifitdoesn’train.so/aslongas只要Youcanborrowmycaraslongasyoupromisenottodrivetoofast.条件状语从句的结构主句从句一般将来时一般现在时祈使句一般现在时含有情态动词一般现在时Iamplayingtennistomorrowunless/ifitrains.Iamplayingtennistomorrowunless/ifitdoesn’train.Idon’tmindyoucomehomelateunless/aslongasyoucomequietly.答案unlessifaslongas 反义疑问句-K&P Katewillbeheresoon,won’tshe?Therewasalotoftraffic,wasn’tthere?Michaeldidn’tlockthedoor,didhe?Youhaven’tgotacar,haveyou?反义疑问句的定义证，或鼓励对方回答。反义疑问句的结构+疑问部分？面的疑问部分为否定E.g.Theyworkhere,don’tthey?前肯 后否的疑问部分为肯定E.g.Youdidn’tgo,didyou?前否 后肯如何根据陈述部分，补充疑问部分？bebe（bebe）②有情用情（前情态后情态）③都没有，分解求助（be/情态动词，从动词中分解出助动词-dodoesdid等）反义疑问句的回答用yes，no。要根据实际情况回答。Heisverysmartisn’the?他很聪明，不是吗？Yes，heis. 是的，他聪明。No，heisn’t. 不，他不聪明。Yourfatherdoesn’tlikecoffeedoeshe?你爸爸不喜欢咖啡，是吧？Yes,hedoes. 不，他喜欢咖啡。Nohedoesn’t. 是，他不喜欢咖啡。单项选择。Thereislittlewaterintheglass, ?isthere B.isn’tthere C.isit D.isn’titMr.Smithhadanimportantmeetingjustnow, ?hadn’the B.didn’the C.hadhe D.didheTherewillnotbeanytrouble, ?willthey B.won’tthey C.willthere D.won’tthere答案ABC 表语从句-P 表语从句概念Thequestionisdifficult.主+系+表Thequestioniswhowilldoit.主+系+表语从句常见的可以接表语的系动词be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were）feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smellstand,remain,keep,staybecome,get,grow,turn,go,come表语从句的引导词从属连词that,whether,asthough,asif,…that可以省略；Thequestioniswhetherwecouldgohomenow.连接代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever…Theproblemiswhocandothework.不能省略，做主语，宾语连接副词when,where,why,how,…不能省略，做状语Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.Hisviewofthepresswasthatthereporterswereeitherforhimoragainsthim.单项选择题。That’s Samoncelived.what B.where C.that D.whyThetroubleis weareshortoftools.what B.that C.how D.why-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat youhasafewdaysoff?what B.that C.how D.why答案B3.D 被动语态-K&P Thishousewasbuiltin1935.Somebodybuiltthishousein1935.Alotofhouseshavebeenbuiltsince1935.被动语态的用法Thepresidentwasmurderedyesterday.Englishiswidelyspokennowadays.如今英文被广泛地使用。没有必要指出动作的发出者。by连接。一般现在时am/is/are+一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were+done一般将来时will/begoingto+be+done现在完成时have/hasbeen+done过去完成时hadbeen+done现在进行时am/is/arebeing+done过去进行时was/werebeing+done情态动词情态动词bedone如何判断句子是否是被动语态？找主语和动词的关系Theflowersarewateredeveryday.flowers是动作water的承受者，所以是被动关系。PopcornwasfirstgrowninMexico.主语Popcorngrow的承受着，所以是被动关系。bedone结构Theroommustbecleanedonceaweek.becleanedbedone结构，所以是被动语态IsEnglishlearnedinthemiddleschoolbystudents.islearnedbedone结构，所以是被动语态误。单项选择题。Thetrees lastyearbythestudents.areplanted B.plantedC.wereplanted D.wasplantedHisfather toworkinHongKong3yearago.sent B.wassentC.hassent D.hasbeensentThesongs usually bygirls.are;sung B.are;sangC.are;sing D.are;singing答案CBA 副词-K&P 例句：Shewalksquickly;Hesingsnicely.副