2014年电子科技大学考研专业课试题英语(二外仅日语方向)

电子科技大学

2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：244英语(二外仅日语方向)

注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

PartIReadingComprehension(40%)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandthenwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet

PassageOne

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironment

betterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthe

superiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodor

shelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsinthe

evolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallyto

itsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorb

waterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun'senergytomake

foodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptations,commontomostplants.Inaddition,

therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.

Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsare

hiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeer

arecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystill

whenanenemyisnear.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,

andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganism

maycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjust

bodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptations

areanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatif

conditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

1.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay

A)helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded.

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B)surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions.

C)becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind.

D)resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword"environments"couldbestbereplacedby

A)contexts.

B)surroundings.

C)neighbors.

D)enemies.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored

A)tofrightenitsenemies.

B)toattractitsenemies.

C)toadjustitsbodyheat.

D)tomatchitsenvironment

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentionedinthepassage?

A)Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B)Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C)Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D)Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

5.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertothatalivingthingmay

havetheability___________.

A)tocreateanenvironmentofitsown.

B)toremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.

C)tomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.

D)tochangethecolorofitsskin.

PassageTwo

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asmallpieceoffisheachdaymaykeeptheheartdoctoraway.That'sthefindingofan

extensivestudyofDutchmeninwhichdeathsfromheartdiseaseweremorethan50percentlower

amongthosewhoconsumedatleastanounceofsaltwaterfishperdaythanthosewhoneverate

fish.

TheDutchresearchisoneofthreehumanstudiesthatgivestrongscientificbackingtothe

long-heldbeliefthateatingfishcanprovidehealthbenefits,particularlytotheheart.

Heartdiseaseisthenumber-onekillerintheUnitedStates,withmorethan550,000deaths

occurringfromheartattackseachyear.Butresearcherspreviouslyhavenoticedthattheincidenceof

heartdiseaseislowerinculturesthatconsumemorefishthanAmericansdo.Therearefewerheart

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diseasedeaths,forexample,amongtheEskimosofGreenland,whoconsumeabout14ouncesoffish

aday,andamongtheJapanese,whosedailyfishconsumptionaveragesmorethan3ounces.

For20years,theDutchstudyfollowed852middle-agedmen,20percentofwhomatenofish.

Atthestartofthestudy,theaveragefishconsumptionwasabouttwo-thirdsofanounceeachday

withmoremeneatinglean(瘦的)fishthanfattyfish.Duringthenexttwodecades,78ofthemen

diedfromheartdisease.Thefewestdeathswereamongthegroupwhoregularlyatefish,evenat

levelsfarlowerthanthoseoftheJapaneseorEskimos.Thisrelationshipwastrueregardlessofother

factorssuchasage,highbloodpressure,orbloodcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.

6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

[A]TheDutchresearchhasprovedthateatingfishcanhelptopreventheartdisease.

[B]Heartdoctorswon'tcallyourhousesolongasyoukeepeatingfisheachday.

[C]AmongallthediseasesheartdiseaseisthemostdangerousinAmerica.

[D]ThereisalowincidenceofheartdiseaseinsuchcountriesasJapanandGreenland.

7.Thephrase"thisrelationship"(inLine5,Para.4)referstotheconnectionbetween_________

andtheincidenceofheartdisease.

[A]theamountoffisheaten[B]regularfish-eating

[C]thekindoffisheaten[D]peopleofdifferentregions

8.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.

[A]thehighincidenceofheartdiseaseinsomecountries

[B]theeffectoffisheatingonpeople'shealth

[C]thechangesinpeople'sdiet

[D]thedailyfishconsumptionofpeopleindifferentcultures

9.WhyisheartdiseasethemostdangerouskillerintheUnitedStates?

[A]BecauseAmericanpeopledrinktoomuchspirits.

[B]Becausethereareagreatnumberoffatpeoplethere.

[C]Theauthordoesn'tgiveadefiniteanswer.

[D]BecauseAmericanpeopleeattoomuchfattyfish.

10.HowmanylivescouldprobablybesavedeachyearintheUnitedStatesbyeatingfifthaccording

totheDutchstudy?

[A]550,000.[B]275,000.

[C]110,000.[D]852.

PassageThree

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Beingassertive(果断)isbeingabletocommunicatewithotherpeopleclearly.Ifyoufeltthat

youhadexpressedwhatwasimportanttoyouandallowedtheoilierpersontorespondintheirown

waythen,regardlessofthefinaloutcome,youbehavedassertively.Itisimportanttorememberthat

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beingassertivereferstoawayofcopingwithconfrontations(对抗).Itdoesnotmeangettingyour

ownwayeverytimeorwinningsomebattleofwitsagainstanotherperson.Inpracticeassertive

behaviourisusuallymostlikelytoproducearesultwhichisgenerallyacceptabletoallconcerned,

withoutanyonefeelingthattheyhavebeenunfairlytreated.

Assertivenessisoftenwronglyconfusedwithaggression(侵犯行为).Anaggressive

confrontationiswhenoneorbothpartiesattempttoputforwardtheirfeelingsandbeliefsatthe

expenseofothers.Inanassertiveconfrontation,however,eachpartystandsupfortheirpersonal

rights,buteachshowsrespectandunderstandingfortheother'sviewpoint.

Thereasonwhyassertivenessmaynotcomenaturallyisthatweoftentendtobelievethatwe

musttalkaroundasubjectratherthanbedirect,orthatwemustofferexcusesorjustificationsfor

ouractions.

Infactweallhavearighttouseassertivebehaviourinavarietyofsituations.Weareoften

schooledearlyinlifetobelievethatsometimesourownneedtoexpressourselvesmusttake

secondaryplace.Forexample,indealingwiththoseinprivilegedpositionssuchasspecialists,we

oftenfeelthatspeakingassertivelyis,insomeway,"breakingtherules".Everybodyhascertain

basichumanrights,butoftenwefeelguiltyaboutexercisingthem.

11.Accordingtothepassage,anassertiveperson________.

[A]makesotherpeoplefeelunfairlytreated

[B]putsforwardhisideasattheexpenseofothers

[C]doesnotshowrespecttootherpeople

[D]speaksoutwhathewantstosayforcefully

12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthatmanypeopleprefernottobeassertive?

[A]Theywouldratherbeaggressivethanbeassertive.

[B]It'softenbettertogivepeoplehintsthantobestraightforward.

[C]Theirneedstoexpressthemselvestakesecondaryplacebeforeimportantpersons.

[D]Theytendtogiveexcusesandjustificationsfortheiractions.

13.Thelastwordofthepassage"them"refersto_________.

[A]rules[B]actions

[C]personalrights[D]privilegedpositions

14.Accordingtothepassage,oneshouldnotonlyexpresshimselfclearlyanddirectly,butalso

[A]makeotherpeopleaccepthisideas

[B]becarefulwithhismanner

[C]allowotherstospeakintheirownway

[D]watchotherpeople'sresponse

15.Inthispassage,theauthorintendstoencouragepeopleto_____.

[A]fightfortheirpersonalrights

[B]beaggressivewhentheytalktoothers

[C]assertthemselvesregardlessofwhetherotherssufferornot

[D]beassertiveatanytime

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PassageFour

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentify

sharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelpto

showthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywith

theirpointofview.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganized

methodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywantto

commentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecause

theaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.Amanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshown

aroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andso

on.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalis

suddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfood

andstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that's

God,"camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor."

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowthe

experiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakea

passingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.With

otheraudiencesyoumustn'tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermaking

disparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.Youwillbeonsafergroundifyoustick

toscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.

Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedand

unforcedmanner.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Searchforexaggeration

andunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturn

aboutandinjectwithhumor.

16.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould__________

[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience.

[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople.

[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople.

[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners.

17.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare___________

[A]impolitetonewarrivals.

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole.

[C]entitledtosomeprivileges.

[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours.

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18.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices__________

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople.

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention.

[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor.

[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock.

19.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered_________

[A]inwell-wordedlanguage.

[B]asawkwardlyaspossible.

[C]inexaggeratedstatements.

[D]ascasuallyaspossible.

20.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe__________

[A]UseHumorEffectively.

[B]VariousKindsofHumor.

[C]AddHumortoSpeech.

[D]DifferentHumorStrategies.

PartIIVocabularyandStructure(20%)

Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatcanbestcompletethesentenceandthenwritethe

correspondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

21.Thewastepipeisblocked;try____itoutwithhotwater.

A)rushingB)brushingC)crushingD)flushing

22.Hisactionsdonot____tohiswords.

A)respondB)consistC)correspondD)accord

23.He____satisfactionfromhelpingpeopleintrouble.

A)deridesB)derivesC)deviatesD)detaches

24.Thereisashiftin____fromawoman’sviewtoaman’sview.

A)prospectiveB)prospectusC)prosperousD)perspective

25.I____onabookwithhim.Hehelpmealotwithcollectingmaterials.

A)cooperateB)operateC)collateD)collaborate

26.Sheisthe____survivoroftheaircrash.

A)aloneB)uniqueC)singleD)sole

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27.BothBachandBeethovenwrote____music.

A)classicalB)classicC)classD)classics

28.Physicalattractivenessisnotanimportant____insomepeople’sopinion.

A)ascribeB)attributeC)tributeD)trains

29.Theycameupwitha(n)____wayofpreventingcheatinginexams.

A)ingenueB)ingenuousC)ingeniousD)genius

30.Theschooldiningroom____asameetingplaceforteachersandstudents.

A)usesB)utilizesC)functionsD)exerts

31.TheMinisterofFinancestressesthatthequalityofgoods,____thequantityofproduction,isthe

keytoimprovingthenation’seconomy.

A)otherthanB)ratherthanC)morethanD)betterthan

32.Ifpeoplearenotheldresponsiblefortheiractionswhentheyaredrunk,thenwe____forgive

drunkendrivers

A)maywellasB)hadbetterC)mightaswellD)wouldrather

33.Hemighthavebeendead____thearrivalofthedoctors.

A)butforB)exceptforC)withD)on

34.Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost____,havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumof

industrialdevelopment.

A)respectivelyB)undoubtedlyC)incrediblyD)exclusively

35.It’sstrangethatAmy____herauntineveryway.

A)takesdownB)takesafterC)takestoD)takeson

36.Withtheexperienceapproachingthefinalsuccess,everyoneknowsthattheycannot____a

singleminormistakeandruinthewholething.

A)inflictB)endureC)standD)afford

37.Thebossstressedthecriterionthataqualifiedwaitermustdoeveryservice____thesatisfaction

ofhiscustomers.

A)forB)byC)onD)to

38.Onlyaftermanyyearsofhardwork____thatmoneyalonedoesnotleadtohappinessand

success.

A)IdidrealizeB)hadIrealizedC)didIrealizeD)Ihadrealized

39.Whenautomationisintroducedintothefactory,alltheworkdonebyhandwill____the

assemblyline.

A)taketheplaceofB)replaceC)beattributedtoD)givewayto

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40.Thetravelerswerereadytoenjoythespectaculartidalwaveswhensuddenlyathickfogcameup

and____thewholescene.

A)blurredB)belittledC)bannedD)collapsed

41.Jeancouldbeaveryattractivegirlbutshe____toherclothes.

A)paysnoattentionB)waspayingnoattention

C)paidnoattentionD)hadpaidnoattention

42.Whenquestionedbytheinterviewer,mymindwent____,andIcouldhardlyremembermyown

dateofbirth.

A)blankB)dimC)faintD)vain

43.Thetextbookquestionaswellasotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhenthecongressisin

____againnextspring.

A)assemblyB)conventionC)conferenceD)session

44.Todriveacarsafely,itis____goodbrakes.

A)essentialwithB)essentialhaving

C)essentialtohaveD)essentialhave

45.AsIregardit,youcanwidenthe____oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.

A)volumeB)dimensionC)magnitudeD)scope

46.“Canyourideahorse?”

“No,Ineverhadthechance____.”

A)forlearningB)forlearninghow

C)howtolearnitD)tolearnhow

47.Aselectriclinesweredestroyedbythestorm,theywereforcedto____lightforseveraldays.

A)gooverB)goinforC)gowithoutD)goout

48.Tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition,wemust____thequalitiesandvarietiesof

productswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

A)improveB)guaranteeC)gearD)enhance

49.“Mariahasblistersinherboots.”

“She____walkingsuchalongdistance.”

A)wasusednottoB)usedtoC)isnotusedtoD)didnotusedto

50.Inancienttimespeoplewhowerethoughttohavetheabilityto____dreamswerelikelytobe

highlyrespected.

A)impartB)inheritC)interpretD)intervene

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51.Itwas____thatwefelttiredwhenwearrived.

A)asolongtravelB)suchalongtravel

C)suchalongjourneyD)suchasolongjourney

52.____hispoorrecordinschool,theboardthinksthatheshouldstudyhard.

A)InspiteofB)InchargeofC)InviewofD)Incaseof

53.“Whatauthorsdoyoulike?”

“Shakespeareis____.”

A)favoriteformeB)myfavorites

C)formethefavoriteD)thefavoriteofmine

54.Withouta(an)____passportatouristisforbiddentoenteracountry.

A)operativeB)effectiveC)validD)efficient

55.Inspiteofthe______economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

A)gloomyB)miserableC)shadowyD)obscure

56.Bodypaintorfacepaintisusedmostlybymeninpre-literatesocietiesinordertoattractgood

healthorto_______disease.

A)setasideB)wardoffC)shrugoffD)giveaway

57.Theinternationalsituationhasbeengrowing_____difficultforthelastfewyears.

A)invariablyB)presumablyC)increasinglyD)dominantly

58.Theprisonerwas______ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.

A)dischargedB)derivedC)deprivedD)dispatched

59.Smallfarmsandthelackofmoderntechnologyhave______agriculturalproduction.

A)blunderedB)tangledC)bewilderedD)hampered

60.Allthestudentshaveto______totherulesandregulationsoftheschool.

A)confirmB)confrontC)confineD)conform

PartIIICloze(10%)

Directions:Thereare20blanksineachofthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbest

fitsintothepassage.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Agreatdealofattentionisbeing

paidtodaytotheso-calleddigital

divide--thedivisionoftheworldinto

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theinfo(information)richandthe

infopoor.Andthat__61__doesexist61.A)divideB)information

today.MywifeandIlecturedaboutC)worldD)lecture

thisloomingdangertwentyyears62.A)obscureB)visible

ago.Whatwasless__62__then,C)invisibleD)indistinct

however,werethenew,positive63.A)forcesB)obstacles

__63__thatworkagainstthedigitalC)eventsD)surprises

divide.__64__,therearereasonsto64.A)SeriouslyB)Entirely

be__65__.C)ActuallyD)Continuously

Therearetechnologicalreasonsto65.A)negativeB)optimistic

hopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.C)pleasantD)disappointed

AstheInternetbecomesmoreand66.A)developedB)centralized

more__66__,itisintheinterestofC)realizedD)commercialized

businesstouniversalizeaccess-after67.A)usersB)producers

all,themorepeopleonline,themoreC)customersD)citizens

potential__67__thereare.Moreand68.A)enterprisesB)governments

more__68__,afraidtheircountriesC)officialsD)customers

willbeleft__69__,wanttospread69.A)awayB)for

Internetaccess.WithinthenextC)asideD)behind

decadeortwo,onetotwobillion70.A)nettedB)worked

peopleontheplanetwillbe__70__C)putD)organized

together.Asaresult,Inowbelieve71.A)decreaseB)narrow

thedigitaldividewill__71__ratherC)neglectD)low

thanwidenintheyearsahead.And72.A)containingB)supporting

thatisverygoodnewsbecausetheC)keepingD)combating

Internetmaywellbethemost73.A)winB)detail

powerfultoolfor__72__worldC)defeatD)fear

povertythatwe'veeverhad.74.A)enormousB)countless

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'tC)numericalD)big

theonlywayto__73__poverty.And75.A)bringB)keep

theInternetisnottheonlytoolweC)holdD)take

have.Butithas__74__potential.76.A)atB)with

To__75__advantageofthistool,C)ofD)for

somepoorcountrieswillhavetoget77.A)defenseB)investment

overtheiroutdatedanti-colonialC)invasionD)insult

prejudices__76__respecttoforeign78.A)constructionB)facility

investment.CountriesthatstillthinkC)infrastructureD)institution

foreigninvestmentisa/an__77__of79.A)whyB)where

theirsovereigntymightwellstudyC)whenD)how

thehistoryof__78__(thebasic80.A)concerningB)concluding

structuralfoundationsofasociety)inC)accordingD)including

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theUnitedStates.WhentheUnited

Statesbuiltitsindustrial

infrastructure,itdidn'thavethe

capitaltodoso.Andthatis__79__

America'sSecondWave

infrastructures__80__roads,

harbors,highways,portsandsoon

werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

PartVTranslation(15%)

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithfiveunderlinedsentences.Youarerequiredtoput

thesesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforetranslation.

Manywhotodayhearmesomewhereinperson,orontelevision,orthosewhoreadsomething

I'vesaid,willthinkIwe