2017年中考英语专题备考-非谓语动词

目录页CONTENTSPAGE第一部分考点梳理

第二部分词语辨析

目录目录页CONTENTSPAGE

第一部分考点梳理1．动词不定式的构成肯定形式：todo如：decidetostudy决定学习否认形式：nottodo如：decidenottoleave决定不离开考点一动词不定式的根本用法2．动词不定式的语法功能考点一动词不定式的根本用法成分例句作宾语★★★★★Myfamilyliketodosportseveryday.我们全家喜欢每天运动。作宾补★★★★★Ourteachersoftenaskusnottoplaycomputergames.我们的老师要我们不要玩电子游戏。作状语★★★★★Theystaytheretowaitforthelatestnews.他们待在那儿等最新新闻。(作目的状语)Theyaretootiredtowalk.他们太累了走不动了。(作结果状语)2．动词不定式的语法功能考点一动词不定式的根本用法成分例句作定语★★★Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?你想吃什么呢？作主语★★★TospeakEnglishiseasyforme.＝It'seasyformetospeakEnglish.对我来说，讲英语很简单。作表语Herjobistolookaftertheold.他的工作是照顾老人。巧学妙计：巧记动词不定式根本用法：不定式有标记，to与动原连一起；没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备；主宾定补表状语，唯独作谓不可以；not加上不定式，否认结构要牢记；疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义；仔细推敲多思考。准确判断有依据。考点一动词不定式的根本用法

(

)Inorder________forthemeeting,mysister

forcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.

A．nottobelate

B．notbeinglate

C．tobelate

D．beinglate考点链接A

解析：A考查非谓语动词inordertodosth.。句意：为了会议不迟到，我的妹妹强制她自己今早早点起床。3．后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：考点一动词不定式的根本用法wouldlike/wanttodoliketodoplantodorefusetodohope/wishtodolearntodohelptodotry(not)todo3．后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：考点一动词不定式的根本用法begin/starttodocontinuetodooffertododecide(not)todoaffordtodoagreetodoprefertodopromise(not)todo如：Iwanttoplaybasketballthisweekend.这个周末我想打篮球

Theboydecidedtogetupearlythenextday.男孩决定第二天早点起床。

考点一动词不定式的根本用法注意：在常用句型“find/think＋it＋adj.＋todosth.”中，it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语，放在宾语补足语(adj.)后面。如：Ifinditgreattowalkalongsuchabeautifulriverbank.

我发现在这么漂亮的河边散步真是太棒了。

考点一动词不定式的根本用法(

)TrytosingmoreEnglishsongs,youwillfinditinteresting

________aforeignlanguage.

A．learning

B．learnsC．learn

D．tolearn考点链接D

解析：D根据句型“find＋it＋adj.＋todosth.”可知选D。4．后面接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：考点一动词不定式的根本用法tellsb.(not)todoexpectsb.todoadvisesb.todohelpsb.todoasksb.(not)todoinvitesb.todoforcesb.todoteachsb.todowouldlike/wantsb.todoallowsb.todowishsb.todopersuadesb.todo4．后面接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：考点一动词不定式的根本用法如：Mymotherwantsmetobeateacher.

我妈妈想让我成为一名教师。Sheaskedthestudentstosaysomething.

她让学生们说一说。

(

)1.Weadviseparents________theirchildrenathomealone

inordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A．notleave

B．nottoleaveC.leave

D．toleave考点链接B

解析：B此题考查动词不定式作宾语的advisesb.todostb.。根据后半句的“inordertokeepthemalone”可知应该用不定式的否认式。应选B。(

)2.Tom'smotheraskedhim________somewashing

afterdinner.

A．todo

B．does

C．do

D．did考点链接A

解析：A此题考查动词不定式作宾补的asksb.todo,应选A。(

)3.DoctorWangoftenasksus________toomuchmeat.A．don'teat

B．noteat

C．nottoeat

D．doesn'teat考点链接C

解析：C此题考查动词不定式作宾补的asksb.nottodo,应选C。5．动词不定式作定语时，不定式必须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Theyhavenohousetolivein.他们没有房子住。6．特殊疑问词＋不定式不定式可以和疑问代词(who,whom,whose,what,which)或疑问副词(when,where,how,why)连用构成不定式短语。考点一动词不定式的根本用法巧记常见动词：学会忘记有难处(learn,forget)想知道就别来劝告(wonder，know，advise)展开讨论教人对付(show,discuss，teach)弄清楚才决定告诉(findout,decide,tell)考点一动词不定式的根本用法如：

(1)CanyoutellmehowtouseMSNtochatonline?

你能告诉我怎样用MSN在网上聊天吗？(2)Wehaven'tdecidedwheretogo.我们不能决定不了去哪儿？(3)Thetwowatchesarebothverybeautiful.Ireallydon'tknowwhichto

choose.这两块表都很好，我真的不知道选哪一块？考点一动词不定式的根本用法(

)—WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotherontheInternet.—Really?Willyoupleaseshowme________it?

A．howtouse

B．whattouseC．howcanIuse

D．whatcanIuse考点链接A

解析：Ashow后接宾语从句时要用陈述句语序，排除C、D；因已有宾语it，故“疑问词＋不定式”中的疑问词要用how而不用what。应选A。7．后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：考点一动词不定式的根本用法例词例句make使Ifyouseethecartoonfilm,itwillmakeyoulaugh.let让It'slate.Letusgohome.7．后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：考点一动词不定式的根本用法例词例句see看见Isawthemplaybasketballontheplayground.hear听到Weoftenhearhimsingsongsinthenextroom.notice注意Shenoticedhimentertheroomjustnow.注意：使役动词make/let/have＋sb.＋do,感官动词“see，watch,notice,hear,lookat,listento,feel(四看两听一感觉)＋sb.＋do”(强调动作的过程或经常性),当变为被动语态时，要加上省略的to。考点一动词不定式的根本用法如：Thefunnychildmadeeveryonelaugh.

这个有趣的孩子让每个人都笑了。Everyonewasmadetolaughbythefunnychild.

每个人都被这个有趣的孩子逗笑了。Allofusheardhersing.我们全都听到了她唱歌。Shewasheardtosingbyallofus.我们全都听到了她唱歌。考点一动词不定式的根本用法8．其他省略I.hadbetter(not)dosth.意为“最好(不要)做某事”，是固定搭配。考点一动词不定式的根本用法II.Whynotdo…？＝Whydon'tyoudo…？

意为“为何不做……？”，用于提出建议。III.wouldratherdo…thando…意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。考点一动词不定式的根本用法1．动名词的构成：v.＋ing如：smiling考点二动名词的根本用法2．动名词的语法功能考点二动名词的根本用法用法例句作宾语★★★★★Wouldyoumindclosingthedoorforme?你介意帮我关上门吗？作主语TravelingbytaxiinParisisquiteexpensive.在巴黎打车旅行非常贵。3.后面接动名词作宾语的动词有：考点二动名词的根本用法enjoy/likedoingfinishdoingkeepdoingforgetdoinghatedoingstopdoingpreferdoingavoiddoingminddoingpracticedoingrememberdoingconsiderdoing4.常见的后面接动名词作宾语的短语有：考点二动名词的根本用法对做……感兴趣beinterestedindoing做……开心haveagoodtimedoing/havefundoing习惯做beusedtodoing忙于做bebusydoing推迟做putoffdoing做……有困难haveahardtimedoing情不自禁做can'thelpdoing想做feellikedoing4.常见的后面接动名词作宾语的短语有：考点二动名词的根本用法值得做beworthdoing喜欢做更胜于做preferdoingtodoing放弃做giveupdoing注意做payattentiontodoing为……做贡献makeacontributiontodoing阻止……做keep/stop/prevent…fromdoing做……有麻烦/乐趣havetrouble/difficulty/fundoing期望做lookforwardtodoing考点三感官动词see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel(四看两听一感觉)接do和doing的区分

do表示经常或已经发生的动作(全部)doing表示正在进行的动作(部分)seeIoftenseethemdanceonthesquare.Isawhimplayingoutsidejustnow.hearIoftenhearhimsingintheroom.IheardhercryingwhenIenteredtheroom.考点四非谓语动词易混淆词组辨析考点四非谓语动词易混淆词组辨析考点四非谓语动词易混淆词组辨析考点四非谓语动词易混淆词组辨析考点四非谓语动词易混淆词组辨析1．Itis＋adj.＋todosth做某事是……2．It's＋adj.(clever,kind,good,right,wrong,foolish,nice…)＋

ofsb.todosth.3．It's＋adj.(difficult,easy,hard,important,interesting…)＋for\

sb.todosth.考点五非谓语常用句型4．Itistime(forsb.)todosth.＝