职称英语-基础精讲班-阅读判断讲义

职称英语基础班阅读判断

教材说明：本word讲义跟老师声音顺序完全配套

参考教材

蓝皮书：《全国职称英语考试历年真题与模拟试题汇编》经济科学出

版社（2007年4月）

总体介绍

阅读判断在试题中占7分，通过课程学习，可以得到3-4分。

阅读判断平时不需要费功夫。

讲课内容：主要题型及其规律，基础知识（重点）

题型：阅读判断

分值：7分

题目：一句陈述句

问题：三个选项

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

单词记忆

背阅读词汇

阅读词汇：阅读篇章涉及的词汇；阅读判断涉及的词汇；概括大意与

完成句子的词汇；完形填空的词汇。

背单词的要求：单词的形状和大概意思。

背单词的方式：词根词缀记忆

先将大纲词表过滤

一级过滤：过滤掉那些一看到就知道意思的单词；

二级过滤：过滤掉有隐约印象但不扎实的单词；

三级过滤：发现那些你根本不认识的单词；

儿级过滤之后，剩下的词找一下规律。

背词法1:词根词缀记忆方式

构词规律：形容词前面加un；名词前面加in；形容词或名词前面加

en为动词。

词缀改变词性或词义

例：ablebeabletodosomething

unablebeunabletodosomething

ability

inability

enableenablesb.todosth.

disable

capableof

capability

背词法2：改换单词的某个部分，就可以记一串单词

例：take

bakeBakers

TaylorTailortailor

BlackSmithblacksmith

cakebirthdaycake

fakefakemoneyfakecommodities

lake

make

nakenaked

sake

sakeforthesakeof

wakewakeup

lakecake都熟悉

takemake背搭配

背词法3：同音记忆方法，即英语中一些词发音相同。

例：cellsellcellphone

deardeergiraffe（长颈鹿）

Doe,adeer,afemaledeer.

盗版盘上出现的笑话：Doe,adear,afemaledear.Doe,一个亲

爱的，一个女的亲爱的。

mailmalefemale

sailsaleorsalesell

tailtalepigtail

piecepeaceapieceofbread

seasee

sonsun

rightwrite

theirthere

stationarystationeryrailwaystation

waitweight

fatherfartherfar

meatfleshflashfresh

chickencockhenchickenkitchen

lambsheepgoatlambmutton

loanlone

roleroll

planeplain

sightsite

straitstrightTaiwanStraitEnglishChannel

channelchanel

wastewaist

人体外部器官：hairheadforeheadnosecheek

chinneckchestabdomenbellyhipthighcrusfoot

toefinger

人体内脏：heartlungliver

weekweak

weatherwhether

背词法：形近词记忆法

例：adaptadoptadoptiveson/daughter

bearbeer

countrycounty

fleshflash

bow[bau][bu]

close[klz][]

lead[li:d][led]

理性记忆法：

1.词根词缀

2.同音词

3.形近词

4.同形异音

5.同义词

另外，一些有趣的记忆法

例，schedule私车堵了

]aheadschedulebehindschedule

adore阿杜热

amateur矮模特

ambition俺必胜！

nutrition牛吹神

gangster[]干死他

例，pest害虫

非理性记忆方式:

1.“搞怪”;

2.生活词语；

例：乐百氏ROBUSTrobust

奔驰BENZ

飘柔rejoice

佳洁士safeguard

苏泊尔super

汰渍tide

美登高meadowgold

耐克NIKE

方正founder

银行记忆顺口溜

建行CBCConstructionBankofChina

中行BCBankofChina

农行ABCAgricultureBankofChina

工行ICBCIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina

汇丰HKBC

谐音记忆

建行CBC存不存？

中行BC不存！

农行ABC啊？不存！

工行ICBC爱存不存！

汇丰HKBC还是不存！

语法

一、句型

1.主谓宾结构

2.主系表结构

3.主谓结构

4.主谓宾定状补结构

（定）主（定）+（状）谓+（定）宾（定）/（补）/（状）

例：Heisaboy.

Heisahandsomeboy.

二、动词时态

重点：不规则动词变化

1.动词原形

例：be动词amisare

2.动词过去式

例：am,iswas

arewere

3.动词过去分词

例：am,is,arebeen

4.动词现在分词

例:：be动词+ing

1、动原go

2、过去went

3、过分gone

4、现分going

例：go

三、非谓语动词

1.动词不定式

to动词原形

功能：除了谓语，其他成分都能做。

2.现在分词或过去分词

3.动名词

四、复合句

主句+从句

从句多了引导词，如that,who,when,why等等

精读

集中精力做精读

1.不认识的词尽可能查，并采用记忆法记住它

2.看懂所有的句子结构

解题步骤

第一步：寻找关键词，回原文定位，找出题目在原文中的出处

关键词

1.名词或名词性短语

2.形容词或形容词性短语

3.副词或副词性短语

4.专有名词：有大写字母构成的单词

5.数字年代

关键词的确定依据

1.出现频率较低

2.醒目好找

关键词例外原则

1.标题单词不宜为关键词

2.出现频率较高的词不宜为关键词

3.动词一般不做关键词

关键词优先原则

1.短语优先于单词作为关键词

2.形容词或副词的比较级、最高级优先于原级作为关键词

第二步：根据下列原则和规律进行判断，确定正确答案

（一）正确选项的特征

1.同义词

例如，题干中beautiful,原文中为pretty。

2.同义结构

3.题目是根据原文中的儿句话推断或归纳而成

（二）错误选项的特征

1.题目与原文内容直接相反

可能的情况：①反义词；not,no,never

②反义结构；un-,in-,im-,dis-

③表达否定、反义的词汇和词缀；

2.文中为多个条件并列，题目中只有一个条件出现

如题干上出现must,only这样的词，原则上都不是正

确答案

3.原文是人们对某种事物的感觉，题目则强调客观事实或已

被证明的事

4.原文和题目使用了表示不同范围、频率和可能性的词

例如：原文用many,sometimes,unlikely

题目变为all,usually,impossible

5.原文中包含条件状语，题目中去掉条件成分

（三）未提及选项的特征

1.题目中某些内容在原文中没有提及

2.题目中涉及的范围小于原文中涉及的范围

3.题目中有比较级，原文中没有比较

解题技巧

1.三种答案必须都出现；

2.可以连续三题答案都一样；

3.谨遵原文内容，不能凭借自己的常识和知识；

4.题目中出现must,only,all,always等等时，一定是错误答案；

5.相信第一感觉，不要轻易改答案；

Passage1

InanEnglishvillagenotfarfromLondon,Oliverandtwentyother

poorchildrenlivedinanorphan'shome.Theyhadtheirmealsinalarge

stonehall.Theboyswerealwayshungry,becausethemastergavethem

onlyonesmallplatesofsoup.Themasterandhistwoassistantsstood

withsolemnfacesnearthetableandwatchedthefrightenedchildren.

SometimesOliverfeltsosadandfrightenedthathewantedtorunaway.

However,themasternevergavehimachanceofescape.

Later,Oliverdidleavethehomewhichhehadhated.

1.Oliverwasaboywithoutparents.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[©Doesn'tsay

2.Oliverhadhismealsinahousemadeofwood.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

3.ThemasteroftheOrphan'shomewasverykindtothechildren.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

4.Oliverranawayfromthehomebecausehewasafraidofthebadmaster

andhisassistants.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

5.OliverandotherchildrenlivedahardlifeintheOrphan'shome.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn,tsay

Passage3

"Whereareyougoing?"Mrs.TongaaskedBetty.

"Tothemall,"Bettyreplied.

"Myhusbandisacompulsivebuyer.HewalkedtothestoreLast

nighttobuyapenandhereturnedwithfiftydollarsworthofthingswe

reallydidn'tneed."

"That'stoobad,Mrs.Tonga.Mysisteristhesameway.Well,see

youlater"

Bettywalkedbyherselftothemall.Sheneededshoesandanew

dress.Shelookedatwomen'sclothesinseveralstores.Shestoppedina

storecalledTheFashionPlace.Shelikedashirtandbluedress.Shetried

iton.Itfitverynicely.Sheboughtit.Shewasverytiredandthenwalked

home.Shedidn'tbuyanyshoes.

Thenextdayshenoticedaholeinthedress.Shereturnedittothe

storeandexchangeditforanotherone.

1.Mrs.TongaaskedherfriendBettytogoshoppingtogether.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

2.WhenMrs.Tonga'shusbandgoestothestores,heoftenendsupbuying

alotofthingshereallydoesn'twant.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

3.Betty'ssisterisalsoacompulsivebuyer.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

4.Mrs.Tongaboughtapairofnewshoesandadress.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

5.Thenextday,Mrs.Tongareturnedthedresstothestoreandexchanged

foranotheronebecauseshedidn'tlikethecolourofthedress.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

Passage8

Vikiwashedherfaceandbrushedherteeth.Shealsolearnedto

cleanhernailswithafile.Vikilearnedtofollowaboutfiftydifferent

orders.Shewould"gotothebedroom"whensomeonetoldher.Someone

wouldask,"Doyouwanttogototheshow?"ThenVikiwouldgotothe

car.Shelearnedhowtoturnonevery,lampinthehouse.Onceavisitor

washavingtroubletryingtostartanelectricfan,Vikicametohelp

Vikiwasclever,butshecouldnotreallylearntotalktoothers.Her

brainwasthebrainofaverysmartanimal,butitwasnotahumanbrain.

Onlypeoplehavethekindofbrainthatmakesitpossibletouselanguage.

1.Vikiisanicegirl.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

2.Vikiiscleverbecausesheisahard-workingstudent.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

3.Vikicandomanythingsbecauseherparentshelpher.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

4.Peoplehavethekindofbrainthatmakesitpossibletouselanguage.

Vikealsodoes.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

5.ThevisitorisViki'sfriend.

[AJRight[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

Passage18

Myparentsgiveme$10aweekpocketmoneybutthatdoesn'tgo

veryfarthesedays,soIhavetodoaSaturdayjob.Iworkina

supermarketandIget$3anhourand1workeighthoursonSaturdaysand

sometimesIdoFridayeveningsaswell.SoIusuallyhaveabout$35to

spendeveryweek.Ispendabout$5aweekonsweetsanddrinks,like

Coke.Iusuallygotothecinemaonceaweeksothat'sanother$4or$5.

Iusuallybuyafewmagazinesandafewnewspaperseveryweeksothat's

aboutanother$5.1likemusicsoIoftenbuyacassett-theycostabout$

7atthemoment.I'vealsogotacomputerandIsometimesbuya

computergameanditcostsabout$6each.Ialwaystrytosave

somethingeachweek-usuallybetween$5and$10.

1.1havetodoaSaturdayjobbecauseIhaven'tenoughmoney.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

2.IfIwanttoseeafilmoncesweek,Ihavetopay$4or$5.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

3.UsuallyIspendS35aweek.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[CJDoesn'tsay

4.EveryweekIspendallofmymoney.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[CJDoesn'tsay

5.1amaboywhospendsmoneycarefully.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题（一）

第2部分：阅读判断（第16〜22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对

每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A

涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果

该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

StepBackinTime

Doyouknowthatwelivealotlongernowthanthepeoplewho

werebombeforeus?Onehundredyearsagotheaveragewomanlivedto

be45.Butnow,shecanliveuntilatleast80.

Oneofthemainreasonsforpeoplelivinglongeristhatweknow

howtolookafterour-selvesbetter.Weknowwhichfoodsaregoodforus

andwhatwehavetoeattomakesureourbodiesgetallthehealthythings

theyneed.Weknowwhywesometimesgetillandwhattodotoget

betteragain.Andweknowhowimportantitistodolotsofexerciseto

keepourheartsbeatinghealthily.

Butinorderthatwedon'tslipbackintobadhabits,let'shavealook

atwhatlifewaslike100yearsago.

Familieshadbetween15and20children,althoughmanybabies

didn'tlivelong.Childrensufferedfromlotsofdiseases,especiallyrickets

（（佝偻病）andscurvy（坏血病）,whicharebothcausedbybaddiets.

Thisisbecausemanyfamilieswereverypoorandnotableto:feedtheir

childrenwell.

ReallypoorfamilieswholivedincrowdedcitieslikeLondonand

Manchesteroftensleptstandingup,bendingoverapieceofstring,

becausetherewasnoroomforthemtoliedown.

Peopledidn'thavefridgesuntilthe1920s.Theykeptfreshfoodcold

bystoringitonwindowsills（窗台板）,blocksofice,orevenburyingitin

thegarden.

Somechildrenhadtostartworkattheageofsevenoreighttoearn

moneyfortheirparents.Ifyouhadlived100yearsago,youmightwellbe

sellingmatchsticks（火柴杆）（ajobdonebymanychildren）orworking

withyourdadbynow.

16onaveragewomenlivedlongerthanmen100yearsago.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Peoplenowenjoylongerlivesforunknownreasons.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Ahundredyearsagomanykidsdiedatanearlyage.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Poordietscanleadtosuchdiseasesasricketsandscurvy.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Peopleinthepastpreferredstandinguptolyingdownwhen

sleeping.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21AnEnglishmaninventedthefridgeinthe1920s.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Lifewasnoteasyformanychildrenliving100yearsago.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题（二）

第2部分：阅读判断（第16〜22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对

每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A

涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果

该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

DiningCustom

Everylandhasitsowndiningcustom,andtheUnitedStatesisno

exception.Americansfeelthatthefirstruleofbeingapoliteguestistobe

ontime.Ifapersonisinvitedtodinnerat6:30,thehostessexpectshim

tobethereat6:30ornotmorethanafewminutesafter.Be-causeshe

usuallydoesherowncooking,shetimesthemealsothatthecoffeeand

meatwillbeattheirbestatthetimesheaskstheguesttocome.Ifheis

late,thefoodwillnotbesogood,andthehostesswillbedisappointed.

Whentheguestcannotcomeontime,hecallshishostorhostessonthe

telephone,givesthereason,andtellsatwhattimehethinkshecancome.

Asguestscontinuetoarrive,themeninthegroupstandwhena

womanentersandremainstandinguntilshehasfoundachair.Aman

alwaysriseswhenheisbeingintroducedtoawoman.Awomandoesnot

risewhensheisbeingintroducedeithertoamanorawomanun-lessthe

womanismucholder.

Whentheguestssitdownatadinnertable,itiscustomaryforthe

mentohelptheladiesbypushingtheirchairsunderthem.

EvenanAmericanmaybeconfusedbythenumberofknives,forks,

andspoonsbesidehisplatewhenhesitsdowntoaformaldinner.The

ruleissimple,however,usethemintheorder

inwhichtheylie,beginningfromtheoutside.Orwatchthehostessand

dowhatshedoes.Thesmallforkontheoutsideontheleftisforsalad,

whichisoftenservedwiththesoup.Thespoonontheoutsideattheright

isforsoup,andsoon.Sometimesthereisaseparatelittleknife,calleda

butterspreader,onasmallbread-and-butterplateattheleft.Asthebread

ispassed,eachguestputshispieceonthebread-and-butterplate.

16Asacountryofimmigrants,theU.S.doesnothaveitsowndining

customs.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Theguestisexpectedtoarriveontimebecausethecoffeeandmeat

willbeattheirbestatthetimeheisrequiredtocome.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Awomanusuallyriseswhensheisbeingintroducedtoanaged

gentleman.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Atadinnertable,itiscustomaryforthementoarrangechairsfor

ladies.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20AtformalAmericandinner,theknives,forks,andspoonsbesidethe

plateareplacedinacertainorder.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Therightordertousetheknives,forksandspoonsataformaldinner

isfromthelefttotheright.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Ataformaldinner,breadisusuallyservedtogetherwithsaladand

soup.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第二节阅读判断专项练习

ExerciseThree

Hercules

OnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekhero,Hercules.Hewas

tallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhe

carriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow（弓）.Hewasknownasthe

heroofahundredadventures.

Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainand

againhesenthimondif-ficulttasks.Onemorningthekingsentforhim

andtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenofthe

SingingMaidens（歌女）.Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas.

SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextday

andthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthe

distanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofa

manwithlong,longlegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.

Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlas,theMountain

God.Soheaskedhimforhelp.

Atlasanswered,"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache,Could

youholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou?"

Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soonthesky

grewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenapples,

hesaid,"Well,youaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I'mgoingto

seethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn'tfighthim

becauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted:"Justoneminute'shelp.

Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakea

cushion（垫子）formyshoulders."

Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky.

Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking.

1Herculeswasthetallestmanintheworld.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

2Herculesworkedintheking'sgarden.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

3Herculeswasgivenmanydifficulttasksbecausethekingwantedto

getridofhim.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

4Atlaswasthegodwhoheldupthesky.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

5AtlasranfasterthanHercules.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

6AtlasgotthegoldenapplesforHerculesbecausehewantedtobethe

kinghimself.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

7HerculesfinallymanagedtogettheapplesbydefeatingAtlas.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

ExerciseFour

TheBeginningoftheAirmail

AtBlackpoolHoltThomasandGraham-Whiteagreedtomakea

practicalexperimentincarryingmailsbyaeroplane.Theidea,asitwas

firstworkedout,wasfortheaeroplanetoflyfromBlackpoolairport

acrosstoSouthportairport,andforthemailstobetakenoverbythePost

Officethere.Buttheprogrammehadtobechangedowingtoaseriesof

highwinds.WhathappenedintheendwasthatGraham-Whitetooka

mail-baginhisplane,andmadeaflightwithitacrosscountryfora

distanceofaboutsevenmiles,returningtotheairport.Thisexperiment

gaveGraham-WhitethehonourofbeingthefirstairmaninEnglandto

carryabagofmailacrosscountryinanaeroplane.Lettersandpostcards

whichwerecarriedinthistest,andwhichhadaspecialstamprecording

thefact,soonbecamemuchsoughtafterbycollectors.

ThesecondandmoreimportantexperimentinBritishairmail

transporttookplaceinSep-tember1911,andwasthefirstofitskindin

thiscountrytoobtaintheofficialpermissionofthePostmaster-general.It

wasindeedoneofthehistoricaleventsinourairmaildevelopment.Inthis

caseasmanyas130,000lettersandpostcardswerecarriedbyaeroplane

betweenLondonandWindsor.Oneoftheairmenengagedinthispioneer

servicewasthefamousGustavHamel,flyingamonoplane.Iremember

goingoutoneafternoontoseehimstartoffwithoneofthebagsofmail.

Itwasanextremelybaddayforflying,andjustbeforethetimeduefor

thestart,thewindwasblowingatnearly50milesanhour.Noneofthe

otherpilotswouldhavethoughtofgoingup,butHamel-oneofthefinest

ofallpilotsoftheBritishmonoplane-wasnottobestopped.Hejumped

intohismachineandfairlyshotofftheground.Themonoplane,solong

asitwasneartheearth,wasthrownaboutlikeflsmallboatonanangry

sea.ButHamelgaveasplendidexhibitionofairmanship;assoonashe

reachedagreatheight,conditionsbecamemuchsteadier,andherfinished

hisjourneywithoutaccident.

Thiswasanearlydemonstrationthatanairplanewasmorethana

fineweathermachine,andthatitcouldfightitswaysuccessfullythrough

violentwinds.Thisfactimpressedthepostalauthoritiesagooddeal,and

helpedthosewhobelievedthattheairplanehadagreatcommercial

future.

1HoltThomasandGraham-Whitewerethefirstairmentocarrythe

airmailinEngland.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

2Graham-Whitecarriedintheaeroplanelettersandpostcardsthatlater

becamespecialcollections.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

3ItwasaftermuchdiscussionthatthePostmaster-generalapprovedthe

secondairmailtransport.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

4ThewriterdescribedHamelasthebestpilotbutcriticizedhis

assistantforhiscarelessnessintheflight.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

5ItwasanunfavorableweatherforflyinganaeroplanebutHamel

displayedexcellentair-manshipandsucceededinthesecondairmail

flight.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

6Thewritermustbeabout80yearsold.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

7Thepostalauthoritieshelpedindevelopingthecommercialuseof

aeroplanes.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

ExerciseFive

TheEducationofBenjaminFranklin

HistoryhasgivenBenjaminFranklinaplaceofenduringfame.He

wasawriter,aninvent-or,ascientist,andastatesman.Hislifehistoryhas

enjoyedpopularsuccessformorethan200years.

Franklin'seducationatschoolstoppedwhenhewastenyearsold.

Butheneverstoppedlearning.Forhim,booksheldthekeytoliving

happilyandsuccessfully.Theywerepreciousgifts.

Inhisearlyyouth,hehadflfriendwhoworkedforabookseller.

Sometime8hisfriendwouldlendhimbooks,whichhewascarefulto

returnquickly.Oftenhesatupinhisroomreadingmostofthenightin

ordertoreturnabookbeforehisfriend'semployernoticeditsabsence.

ButFranklinwasnotalonelyscholar.Forhim,learningwasasocial

experience.InhisAutobiography,hetellsaboutorganizingaclubcalled

the"Junto",whichmeteveryFridaynighttoimproveitsmembers'minds.

TherulesImaderequiredeverymember,inturn,toproduceoneor

morequestionsonanypointofMorals,Politics,orNaturalPhilosophy.

Thequestionswouldthenbediscussedbythewholegroup.Also,oncein

threemonths,eachmemberwasrequiredtoreadanarticlehehadwritten

onanysubjecthepleased.

"Ourdiscussionsweredirectedbyapresidentandconductedasan

honestsearchfortruth.Weweretoavoidunpleasantargumentsora

desireforvictory.Anymemberwhodidnotobeytheseruleshadtopaya

fine."

TheJuntowhichFranklinorganizedcontinuedformanyyears.It

wasthebestgroupforthediscussionthen.Thequestionsweregivento

themembersduringtheweekbeforetheyweretobediscussed.This

encouragedthememberstoreadcarefullyabouteachsubjectsothatthey

mightspeakwithmoreunderstanding.

WhentheJuntowasorganized,beforethemiddleofthe18thcentury,

therewerenopubliclibraries.Therewasnotevenagoodbookstoresouth

ofBoston.Franklindecidedtoimprovethissituation.

EachmemberoftheJuntoownedafewbooks.Aroomhadbeen

rentedinwhichthemembersheldthemeetings.Franklinsuggestedthat

allthemembersshouldbringtheirbookstotheroom.Inthiswaythe

bookswouldbeahelptoallduringtheweeklydiscussion.Also,each

memberwouldbeallowedtotakeandreadathomeanybookhechose.

Throughouthislife,BenjaminFranklincontinuedhiseducation,

learningfromhumancon-tactsaswellasfrombooks.

1BenjaminFranklinstoppedhiseducationbecausehisfarthercould

notaffordthetuition.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

2AccordingtoBenjaminFranklin,livinghappilyandsuccessfullylies

inreading.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

3Heoftenreadmostofthenighttofinishabookthatheborrowed

fromhisbooksellerfriend.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

4EverymemberoftheJuntoshouldpresentanarticlehewrotein

regularintervals.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

5EverytimetheJuntomembersmet,eachbroughtwithhimsome

questionsforthegrouptodiscuss.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

6FranklinorganizedaprivatelibraryfortheJuntobecausetherewas

nopubliclibraryinhiscity.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

7TheweeklydiscussionswereheldatFranklin's.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

WhatEmployersLookfor

Ingeneral,employersarelookingfortwothingsinjobapplicants:

proofthatacandidate

canhandleaspecificjobandevidencethatthepersonwillfitinwiththe

organization.Tooof-ten,employersaremostconcernedwiththe

candidate'sexperience,butcommunicationskills,enthusiasm,and

motivationareclosebehind.

Everypositionrequiresspecificqualifications.Whenyouareinvited

tointerviewforapo-sition,theinterviewermayalreadyhaveafairly

goodideaofwhetheryouhavetherightqualifications,basedonreview

ofyourresume.Butduringtheinterview,you'llbeaskedtodescribeyour

educationandpreviousjobsinmoredepthsotheinterviewercan

determinehowwellyourskillsmatchtherequirements.

Anotherconsiderationiswhetheracandidatehastheright

personalitytraitsforthejob.Eachjobrequiresadifferentmixof

personalitytraits.Thetaskoftheintervieweristofindoutwhethera

candidatewillbeabletodothejobcomfortably.

Inadditiontodeterminingwhethertheapplicanthastheright

professionalqualificationsandpersonalityforaparticularjob,the

interviewermustdecidewhetherthepersonwillbecompatiblewiththe

otherpeopleintheorganization.

Everyinterviewerapproachesthisissueof"fit"alittledifferently.

Physicalappearanceisoftenaconsideration,becauseclothingand

grooming（打扮）revealsomethingaboutacandidate'spersonalityand

awarenessofindustrystandards.Apartfromnoticingacandidate'sclothes,

interviewersalsosizeupsuchphysicalfactorsaseyecontact,handshake,

facialexpressions,andtoneofvoice.

Aninterviewermightalsoconsiderageindecidingwhetheran

applicantwillfitinwiththeorganization（althoughjobdiscrimination

againstthemiddle-agedisprohibitedbylaw）.Ifyoufeelyouryou