高考英语（预习案研习案提能案）一轮第一部分必修五Module5

Module5TheGreatSportsPersonalityⅠ.情景默写1.Thechildrenprotested(抗议)whentheywerepunishedunfairly.2.Thiskindofwashingmachineisofhighquality(质量)sothatitsellswellalloverthecountry.3.Theymusttryeverymeanstowipeoutfliesandotherinsectsintherestauranttoguarantee(保证)foodsafety.4.Thetestwasextremelydifficult，andnoonescored(得分)morethan90points.5.Olderpeopledeserveaspecific(特定的)setofrightstoensuretheyaretreatedwithdignityandrespect.6.Shortlyafterwewereseated，thechairmantookhisplaceanddeclared(宣布)themeetingopen.7.Mid－autumnisatimeforfamilymembersandlovedonestoreuniteandenjoythefullmoon—asymbol(象征)ofabundance，harmonyandluck.8.Now，evencarscanbepurchased(购买)ontheInternetwithjustafewclicksofamouse.9.Oneofthemanyadvantages(优势)oflivinginNewYorkisthatyoucaneatoutatalmostanytimeofday.10.Theathletecametothepointofconsideringanearlyretirement(退休).11.Ourschoolteamperformed(表现)verywellinthegameyesterdayandwonthefirstplace.12.—Whenshallwegotoseeourteacher?—It’supto(取决于)you.AnytimeisOKforme.13.Toourgreatdelight，ourpayisontheincrease(正在增加)，whichmakesitpossibleforustobuyahouse.14.Theguestsrosetotheirfeet(站起来)andwentout，applaudingthegoldencouple.15.MichaelJordanisoneofthegreatestbasketballplayersofalltime(有史以来).Ⅱ.词性转换1.Undertheirlawitwaspossibletodivorcebysimpledeclaration(declare).2.Tomisretiringnextyear，soheisaskingMr.Smith，aretireddoctor，whois80yearsold，forsomeadviceonhowtospendtheretirementlife.(retire)3.Someyoungathleteswhotookpartinthe2017NationalGamesperformedwellandtheyhopedtoimprovetheirperformancealotaftertheevent.(perform)4.Theadvantageofcyclingtoworkisthatwecanlivealow－carbonlifewhilethedisadvantage(advantage)isthatitwastestime.5.Thetwoathletesarepetingforthegoldmedal.Theresultofthepetitionishardtopredictbecausethetwopetitorsarebothexcellentandpetitive.(pete)6.Hewastheonlychampionwhowonworldtabletennischampionship(champion)fivetimes.1.句型公式：Itis/was＋...＋that/who...(强调句型)是老师的帮助使他在英语方面取得大的进步。Itwashisteacher’shelpthatmadehimmakegreatprogressinEnglish.2.句型公式：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋...这种物质的反应速度是那种物质的3倍。Thissubstancereactsthreetimesasfastasthatone.3.句型公式：thechancesare(that)...很可能……由于这次洪灾我们很可能无法按时完成任务。Thechancesare(that)wecannotfinishthetaskontimebecauseoftheflood.4.句型公式：as引导的非限制性定语从句正如我们预料的一样，因为他的粗心他又失败了。Hefailedagainbecauseofhiscarelessness,aswehadexpected.

第一板块核心词汇1.performv.履行，执行；做；演出，表演，演奏；(机器)运转；(人)行动，表现高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/句式升级①Listeningtomusicathomeisonething，goingtohearitbeingperformed(perform)liveisquiteanother.(2015·浙江卷)②Yourperformance(perform)asastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.(浙江卷)③Performing(perform)anexcellentdancecallsforconcentration.,④Aftertheoperationwasperformed，thedoctorhadarest.→Withtheoperationperformed，thedoctorhadarest.(with复合结构)状元笔记全记牢(1)performatask/one’sduty/one’spromise/anoperation执行任务/履行义务/履行诺言/实施手术(2)performancen.演出；履行；表现puton/giveaperformance演出(3)performern.演出者；表演者2.advantagen.优势；长处；利益；便利；方便高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错/同义句转换①Hehasgotthejobbecausehehastheadvantageofknowingmanylanguages.②Menusuallyhaveanadvantageoverwomenwhenhuntingforjobs.③Theyweighedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagebeforemakingthedecision.disadvantage→disadvantages④I’mgoingtomakeuseofthistourtoexplorethehistoryofthecastle.→I’mgoingtotakeadvantageofthistourtoexplorethehistoryofthecastle.(2016·天津卷)状元笔记全记牢(1)takeadvantageof利用have/gain/winanadvantageoversb胜过；优于haveanadvantageof(doing)sth有(做)……的有利条件(2)disadvantagen.劣势；不利之处3.declarevt.公告；宣告；声明；声称高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错/完成句子①Thejudgeshaddifferentideasabouttheresults，soitwastwohoursbeforetheresultsweredeclared(declare).②Thecountryhadnootherchoicebuttodeclarewarontheirenemy.③OnJuly30atZhurihemilitarytrainingbase，PresidentXideclaredthegrandmilitaryparadeopened.opened→open④老师宣布他为我们的班长。Theteacherdeclaredhim(tobe/as)ourmonitor.状元笔记全记牢(1)declaresth/sbtobe宣布……为……declarethatclause宣布/宣称……(2)declarewar(on/against...)(向……)宣战declarethemeetingopen/closed宣布大会开幕/闭幕【点津】declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。announce指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。

4.guaranteevt.保证；担保n.保证；保修；担保高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错/句型转换①Weguaranteetodeliver(deliver)yourgoodswithinaweek.②MycolourTVsetisonlyoneyearoldanditisstillundertheguarantee.去掉the③CanyouguaranteeIwillhaveajobwhenIgetthere?→CanyouguaranteemeajobwhenIgetthere?状元笔记全记牢(1)guaranteesbsth/guaranteesthtosb向某人保证某事guaranteetodo...保证去做……(2)underguarantee在保修期内5.ontheincrease正在增加高考必刷题练透根据汉语提示完成片段Thenumberofpeopleowningprivatecarsisontheincrease(在增加)inChina.Bytheendoflastyear，thenumberhadincreasedto(增加到)80million，whilethenumberofpeoplebuyingJapanesecarshasdecreasedby(已减少了)20%.状元笔记全记牢(1)increaseby...增加了……increaseto...增加到……(2)onthedecrease在减少onthedecline在衰退中；在下降【点津】介词on可表示“在……情况下，处于……状态中”，类似的有：onfire着火；onholiday在度假；onduty在值班；onbusiness在出差。6.risetoone’sfeet站起身高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/词汇升级①Aftertheaccident，Tomstruggledtohisfeetanddialed911.②AssoonastheChineseboysetfootonAmerica，herealizedhewouldstandonhisownfeet.③Nosoonerhadthequestionbeenputforwardthansomeonestooduptoanswerit.rosetohisfeet状元笔记全记牢(1)struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来jump/leaptoone’sfeet跳起(2)setfooton/in进入；踏入standonone’sownfeet自立；独立自主(3)onfoot步行第二板块经典句式7.(the)chancesare(that)...很可能……高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错/完成句子①Theplayerisundergoodtreatmentandthechancesarethathewillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimeforthenextgame.②Youshouldnevertakechancewhendrivingacar.在chance前加a或chance→chances③他不可能触犯了法律而不受到惩罚。Thereisnochancethathewillnotbepunishedafterbreakingthelaw.④我妈妈在书店里偶然碰到了我的老师。Mymothermetmyteacherinthebookstorebychance.状元笔记全记牢(1)There’sa/nochanceofdoing/todosth/that...可能/不可能……haveachanceofdoing/todosth有做某事的机会(2)takeachance/chances冒险，碰运气bychance/accident偶然；碰巧Ⅰ.课文语法填空LiNing，afamousgymnast，retiredattheageof26.Eventhoughhehadwon106goldmedalsinmajor1petitions(pete)acrosstheworld，heretiredwiththefeelingthathehadfailed.Itwasthissenseoffailure2.thatmadehimdeterminedtosucceedinhisnewlife.Ayearafterhisretirement，hebegantoworkasabusinessman.Helaunchedanewbrandofsportswear，3peting(pete)withglobalgiantslikeNikeandAdidas.LiNingchosehisownnameasthebrandmark.Hissportsclothescameontothemarketatjusttherighttime.Thenumberofyoungpeoplewithmoneytospend4.was(be)ontheincrease.Besides，hisdesignswereattractiveandhisclotheswere5.cheaper(cheap)thanhisrivals’，whichguaranteedhissuccess.6.ButLiNing’sgoalwhenheretiredwasnottomakemoney.Hisdreamwas7.toopen(open)aschoolforgymnasts，which8.wasrealized(realize)in1991.He9.hasbeenhelping(help)youngpeopletoachievetheirsportingambitionssincethen.Ifyouareagreatsportsperson，anythingispossible，10.asLiNing’sadvertisingslogansays.Ⅱ.课文短文改错ThefinaleventintheOlympicsisthemarathon，whichhadbeenanOlympiceventsincethemoderngamesbeganin1896.Now，therearemarathonsinoversixtycountriesandhundredofcitiesaroundtheworld.OneofthemostfamousmarathonsisintheNewYork，andarewatchedbytwomillionpeople.ButmaybethemostbeautifulmarathonistheGreatWallMarathon，wheremostpetitorsfindisthetoughesttorun.ThemarathonisthefinallyOlympiceventsoitisthoughttobethehardest.However，itisusuallysoexcitedthatithasattractedmorepeople.Expertsbelieveevenpeoplewhoarenotgoodatsportscanrunamarathonunlesstheytrainit.答案ThefinaleventintheOlympicsisthemarathon，whicheq\f(had,has)beenanOlympiceventsincethemoderngamesbeganin1896.Now，therearemarathonsinoversixtycountriesandeq\f(hundred,hundreds)ofcitiesaroundtheworld.Oneofthemostfamousmarathonsisineq\a\vs4\al(the)NewYork，andeq\f(are,is)watchedbytwomillionpeople.ButmaybethemostbeautifulmarathonistheGreatWallMarathon，eq\f(where,which)mostpetitorsfindisthetoughesttorun.Themarathonistheeq\f(finally,final)Olympiceventeq\f(so,because)itisthoughttobethehardest.However，itisusuallysoeq\f(excited,exciting)thatithasattractedmorepeople.Expertsbelieveevenpeoplewhoarenotgoodatsportscanrunamarathoneq\f(unless,if)theytrainit.Ⅲ.教材与写作假设你是李华，请你根据下面的提示，描写你的父亲参加马拉松的事情。1.父亲是一位退休工人，每天坚持锻炼；2.参加了2017年厦门举办的马拉松；3.未来的打算。注意：1.请根据以上提示写一篇50词左右的短文；2.尽量使用本模块的知识点；3.可适当增加细节。【参考范文】Myfather，aretiredworker，keptexercisingeverydaytoguaranteehishealth.HetookpartinthemarathoninXiamenin2017eventhoughhewasnotyoung.Heperformedsowellinthemarathonthathebeatmanypetitorsandenteredthetopten.Thechancesarethatmyfatherwillparticipateinthenextmarathonandturnchampion.Ⅰ.阅读理解Spider(蜘蛛)webshavesomethinginmonwithguitarstrings.Thelong，thinstringsonaguitarcanvibrate(振动).Theymovebackandforth，orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadebyspiders.Thelinesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreatureinformationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeighteyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft，naturally－madesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar，aspidercansendoutvibrationsacrossitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies(频率).Spiderscatchtheirfood，usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements，whichspreadacrosstheirwebs.Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate，orsomethingtastytoeat.Vibrationsarenotjustusedtospotwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourtship(求爱)，solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemalescanusetodeterminenotonlythatthey’reamale，butthey’retherightspecies，andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.Spidersmaketheirownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothemwhentheyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnatureoftheirself－madematerialsandcreations.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedovertimeforthispurpose.【语篇导读】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。1.Howdoesaspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?A.Throughitssenseofsight.B.Throughvibrationsofitsweb.C.Throughdifferentfrequencies.D.Throughamusicalpattern.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落在蛛网上了。故选B。]2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A.Insects. B.Strings.C.Spiders. D.Vibrations.答案A[代词指代题。根据第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood，usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements，whichspreadacrosstheirwebs”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。]3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.B.Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.C.Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloose.D.Thetightnessofsilkcan’tbeadjustedonceit’smade.答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要。]4.Thetextmainlytellsreaders.A.guitarsandspiderwebsaresimilarB.spiderwebshavevariousfunctionsC.spidersareskillfulinhuntinginsectsD.vibrationsarevitalinaspider’slife答案D[主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate，orsomethingtastytoeat”可知，D项正确。]Ⅱ.七选五Colorisineverythingwetouch，taste，smellandfeel.Itevokes(唤起)emotionwithoutanythought.1Weareallfamiliarwithit，butdoyouknowthefollowingfacts?Silverwillsaveyourlife.Whenbuyinganewcarandfindingyourselffacingvariouschoices，youcan’tthinkclearly.Yourbestchoiceistogowithsilver.Silver－coloredcarsareleastlikelytobeinvolvedinacaraccident.2Anotherreasonisthesilvercolor’sabilitytohavealookofcleanliness.3Toughprisonersandcrazypatients？Itisthecolormonlyusedtohelpcalmdownthosewhoareoutofcontrol.Soitsurelyhasausefulplaceandapurpose，otherthandecoratingadressorBarbie’sdreamhouse.Yellowmakesyouhungry.Yellowandorangearenotremendedforuseinkitchens，astheyhaveapositiveinfluenceonyourappetite.4I’mnotnormallyoneforconspiracy(阴谋)theories—butperhapsthere’ssomethinginitforthemifweremainignorantofyellow’seffects.Colorisanimaginaryfriend.Technically，it’sallinourheads:colordoesnotexistatall.5So，ifyoustartaheateddebateovercolorbinationswithsomeonethatyouarecertainhasalowIQorisjustcolor－blind，rememberit’sapointlessargumentandyoushoulddropitinstantly.You’rebothwrong.A.Pinkfortsthenerves.B.Blueisthemostmonfavoritecolor.C.Theyaremostnoticeableontheroadandinlowlight.D.Yellow－coloredwallsseldomleaveuswantingmorefood.E.Itcanbethefocusofourcareers，ourlifestyleandthefunwehave.F.Thenwherewouldourrestaurantownersbewithouttheclevertricks?G.Colortriestomakesenseofthehugeamountofinformationfromtheouterworld.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一些色彩的作用。1.E[根据上文的“Colorisineverythingwetouch，taste，smellandfeel.Itevokes(唤起)emotionwithoutanythought”可知，色彩与人们的生活密切相关，可以唤起人们的情感。E项“色彩是人们职业、生活方式和娱乐的焦点”与此呼应，所以选E项。]2.C[根据上文的“Yourbestchoiceistogowithsilver.Silver－coloredcarsareleastlikelytobeinvolvedinacaraccident”及下文的“Anotherreasonisthesilvercolor’sabilitytohavealookofcleanliness”可知，银色引人注目，不易引起交通事故，所以选C项。]3.A[根据下文的“Itisthecolormonlyusedtohelpcalmdownthosewhoareoutofcontrol”可推知，本段所介绍的颜色有定心安神的作用，所以选A项。]4.F[根据下文的“I’mnotnormallyoneforconspiracy(阴谋)theories—butperhapsthere’ssomethinginitforthemifweremainignorantofyellow’seffects”可推知应选F项，餐馆老板利用色彩的作用招揽更多的顾客。]5.G[根据上文的“Colorisanimaginaryfriend.Technically，it’sallinourheads：colordoesnotexistatall”可推知，本段对色彩进行了综合性的客观描述，与G项吻合，所以选G项。]Ⅲ.完形填空(2018·烟台诊断)Ispentlastsummervolunteeringatahospital.Onemorning，Iwascalledtoaroominwhichan1womanwasstaying.2shewantedtogotoanearbygiftshop，Igota(n)3andhelpedherintoit，headingfortheshop.Whenwegotthere，theshopwasn’t4yet.Itwasmerelya30－minutewaitsowewentovertothe5areaandIreadherbitsandpiecesofthenewspaperaloud.After30minutes，wewentintothegiftshop.Pushingheraround，Icouldseethe6onherfaceasshelookedateverything.Shehappilychosesomewindowdecorationsandthen7chocolates.Sheaskedmetopushher8thatdirection.Ihelpedher9allthedifferentchocolatearrangements.She10decidedonthreedifferentboxes.Asshewascheckingout，sheaskedthecashierfora11andaskedmetowritethenumbers1，2，and3ontheboxes.She12thatthenursesweretakingsuchgoodcareofher，soshe13chocolatesforeachofthethreeshifts(三班倒)ofnurses.ThemomentIwheeledherbackuptoherroom，shegavethe14shiftofnursestheirboxofchocolate，who15offeredsometomebeforetakingsomethemselves.Therewere16allaround.17hergenerosityandgettingtheopportunitytospendtimewithsomeonewhogotsomuchpleasurefromlifewasa18initself.Gratitude(感恩)hasanamazingwayofbringingpeople19，especiallyinaplacewherehealthissohighly20.【语篇导读】本文讲述了作者在医院做志愿者时帮助一个上了年纪的妇人买巧克力并送给照看她的护士以表示感谢的故事。1.A.elderly B.honestC.impatient D.independent答案A[结合下文对她选购物品的描述可知，她是一位上了年纪的妇人。elderly意为“上了年纪的”，符合语境。故选A项。]2.A.While B.AslongasC.Incase D.As答案D[设空后的shewantedtogotoanearbygiftshop和下文Igota(n)andhelpedherintoit，headingfortheshop之间是因果关系，故选D项，as在此表示原因。]3.A.wheelchair B.busC.taxi D.ambulance答案A[根据第三段第三句Th