FY2022年高二英语寒假课程（上海专用）-07透析阅读理解命题策略

07阅读理解命题策略全透析

【课程目标】

♦专题知识：针对考试题型，进行系统梳理，感悟解题方法。

◎题型检测：链接考试真题，题型组合练，能力逐个突破。

yJ阅读理解命题透析

1、细节题

此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下:

1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

3)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

4)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.

5)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...

6)Fromthispassageweknowthat.

7)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat.

细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关

信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针

对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。

做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because,

since,as等；表转折关系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。

细节理解题一直都是高考阅读理解中常考的题型，通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：

1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。

2）词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生

制造障碍。

3）语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。

4）正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。

【例题】

（2018徐汇二模）EarlierthisyearaseriesofpapersinTheLancetreportedthat85percentofthe$265

billionspenteachyearonmedicalresearchiswastedbecausetoooftenabsolutelynothinghappensafter

initialresultsofastudyarepublished.Nofollow-upinvestigationsto-ep/ica/e（复制）orexpandona

discovery.Nooneusesthefindingstobuildnewtechnologies.

63.WhatistheproblemreportedinthosepapersinTheLancet!

A.Greatachievementsinmedicalresearchfailedtogetpublished.

B.Moneywaswastedonfollow-upinvestigationsinmedicalresearch.

C.Toomanynewresearchfindingsarenotputintouseafterpublication.

D.Fewscientistsaredevotedtobuildingnewtechnologiesformankind.

Key：C

（2018静安一模）Thedatashowthat,thoughthenationalcrimeratesdroppedby70percentduringrecent

years,seasonalspikesinsummerremain.Insomecasesthosespikesare12percenthigherthanratesduring

seasonsinwhichthelowsoccur.Thephenomenonconfusesmanycriminologists,andtheywonderwhy.

63.Whatpuzzlesscholarsstudyingcrimes?

A.Theratesofrobberyandautotheftarelowerthanotherviolentandpropertycrimesinsummer

B.Theratesofcrimesresultingindeathareaboutthesameinallseasons.

CThecrimeratesnotreportedtothepolicearemuchhigherduringsummer.

DCrimeratesinsummerarehigherthanthoseofotherseasons.

Key：D

2、词义猜测题

此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：

1)Theword"ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans.

2)Theunderlinedword"ABC"inthepassagerefersto/means.

3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?

4)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans.

5)Theword"it(them)Minthefirstparagraphrefersto.

这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也

要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。

定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、

破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的

意境来加以透知该词的含义。

在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被己认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误

导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其

实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构

词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

【例题】

(2018松江一模)MenareaslikelyaswomentosufferfromposMWR(产后的)depression,astudyshows.

Oneintenfathers—thesameratiosasmothers—arefoundtosufferbeforeorafterbirth.Bythetime

theirchildreaches12weeks,asmanyasoneinfourarefeelingdown.

ThesymptomsobservedintheAmericanstudyarenotthoughttobehormonal—astheyarein

women-andareinsteadprobablyaresponsetothepressuresoffatherhood.Theseincludetheexpenseof

havingchildren,changedrelationshipwithpartnersandfearofpaternal(父亲的)responsibility.Intheearly

weeks,thelackofsleepandextradomesticchoresalsotakethetoll.

57.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"勿&thetoirinparagraph2mean?

A.Costalotofmoney.B.Takethelead.

C.Haveabadeffect.D.Havenolinks.

Key：C

(2018黄浦二模)AUacrossAmerica,studentsareanxiouslyfinishingtheir"WhatIWantToBe…”

collegeapplicationessays,advisedtofocusonSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,and

Mathematics)byexpertsandparentswhoinsistthat'stheonlywaytobecomeworkforceready.Buttwo

recentstudiesofworkplacesuccesscontradictthetraditionalwisdomabout“hardskills^^.

63.Theunderlinedword“contradict“mostprobablymeans"

A.addtoB.backupC.bringaboutD.conflictwith

Key：D

(2017闵行一模)Theyswimlovelyalongtheshore,lookingforunderwatergreenstofeedon.Butthese

days,alongFlorida'swesterncoast,somethingismixingwiththeseagrassthatmanateesliketoeat.And

it'smakingthemsick,evenkillingthem.

56.Theword"them"probablyrefersto.

A.underwatergreensB.algaeC.manateesD.endangeredanimals

Key：C

3、推断题

此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全

文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：

1)Theauthorimplied(suggested)that...

2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

3)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

4)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat...

5)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

6)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_.

推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表

述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内

涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断

题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。

【例题】

（2018徐汇二模）Unselfishbehaviorwasconsideredmoremorallyrightthanselfish,butbothbehaviors

werejudgedtobemoremoralandlessdeservingofpunishmentifthemajorityexhibitedthemthanifthey

wereuncommon.Thecommonnessoftheselfishbehavioralsoaffectedtheparticipants*willingnessto

themselvespaytopunishselfishness.

64.Itcanbeconcludedthattheparticipantsintheexperimentsarepunishedif.

A.theycan'tplay"publicgoodsgame**

B.investthemoneytobenefitgroupmembers

C.theybehavedifferentlyfromthemajority

D.theykeepthemoneyforthemselves

Key：C

（2018虹口一模）Forallhisglobalfame,NeilArmstrongisaremarkablymodestman.Herarelygave

interviewsanddidn'tliketalkingabouthisachievement.Hestoppedgivinghissignatureswhenhefound

thatpeoplesoldthemforthousandsofdollars.

guessweallliketoberecognizednotforonepieceoffireworksbutfortheledger（iBPKW）ofour

dailyworkJArmstrongsaidinaCBSinterviewin2005.Whenaskedhowhefeltknowinghisfootprints

wouldbelikelytostayonthemoon'ssurfaceforthousandsofyears,hesaid:"Ikindofhopethat

somebodygoesupthereoneofthesedaysandcleansthemup.”

58.Bysaying“Iguessweallliketoberecognizednotforonepieceoffireworksbutfortheledgerofour

dailywork”,Armstrongmeantthat.

A.themoredailyworkyou'vedone,themoreeasilyyouwillberecognized

B.thingsthatlookspectaculararenotasusefulasordinarysuccesses

C.achievinggreatnesscanmakeothersuccessesfeellessimportant

D.everyday'shardworkismoreappreciatedthanonesuccessfulmoment

Key

4、观点态度题

此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：

1）What'sthewriter's/author'sattitudeto/towards...?

2）Theauthor'stonewouldbebestdescribedas.

3）Theattitudeof...to/towards...is.

这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观

点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。

作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种

推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一

类的修饰语。

确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：

1）问全文主体事物的（包括主题），可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词

或动词确定作者的态度；

2）如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。

【例题】

（2016嘉定一模）Scientistcan'tforeseethepossibleeffectsofGEfoods,yetweeatthemeveryday

withoutevenknowingit.Wealreadyhaveenoughfood,sowhycreatemorethatcouldbepotentially

harmfultous,totheEarthandtoallwildlife?Ithinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowfor

surehowthesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenotworththerisk.

77.What'stheauthor,sattitudetowardsgeneticengineering?

A.welcomingB.disapprovingC.unconcernedD.optimistic

Key：B

5、主旨大意题

这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判

断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。

一般主旨大意题可以分为两类:

1.确定文章的标题和主题(titleortopic)

标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是

句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看

标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大

或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖2、概括性强3、短小精炼。

常见的标题型题干：

1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe.

2)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled.

3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

4)What'sthetopicofthearticle?

【例题】

（2018松江一模）Menareaslikelyaswomentosufferfrompostnatal（产后的）depression,astudyshows.

Oneintenfathers-thesameratiosasmothers-arefoundtosufferbeforeorafterbirth.Bythetime

theirchildreaches12weeks,asmanyasoneinfourarefeelingdown.

ThesymptomsobservedintheAmericanstudyarenotthoughttobehormonal—astheyarein

women-andareinsteadprobablyaresponsetothepressuresoffatherhood.Theseincludetheexpenseof

havingchildren,changedrelationshipwithpartnersandfearofpaternal（父亲的）responsibility.Intheearly

weeks,thelackofsleepandextradomesticchoresalsotakethetoll.

Thestudyputtheoverallrateofdepressionamongnewfathersat10.4percent-doubletheestimated

4.8percentforallmeninany12-monthperiod.Around8percentwereaffectedinthe12weeksbeforeand

afterbirth,accordingtotheEasternVirginiaMedicalSchoolResearch.Thestudyfoundparentsweremore

likelytobedowniftheirpartnerwastoo.

Itisestimatedthataroundoneintenwomensufferspostnataldepression,eveniftheyhaveneverhad

mentalhealthproblems.Withouttreatmenttheconditioncanlastformonths.Althoughmostwomenhavea

fewdaysof“BabyBlues“shortlyafterbirth,postnataldepressioncankickinuptosixmonthslater.

Expertssaythatpaternaldepressionisseriousbecauseitcanhave^substantialemotional,behaviouraland

developmental“effectsonchildren.

58.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TherapyforDepressionB.FatherGettingBabyBlues

C.EffectsofFatherBluesD.PostnatalRecovery

Key

2.主题句(topicsentence)及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括

一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫

做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中

间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑

关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和

概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释，说明，论证或扩展.

常见的主题句和主旨型题干：

1)Whatisthetopicsentenceofthepassage?

2)Thisarticle/text/passagemainlytellsthat.

3)Whatisthemainpuiposeofthepassage?

4)Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?

【例题】

(2018松江一模)"Twocenturiesago,LewisandClarkleftSt.Louistoexplorethenewlandsacquiredin

theLouisianaPurchase,^GeorgeW.Bushsaid,announcinghisdesireforaprogramtosendmenand

womentoMars."Theymadethatjourneyinthespiritofdiscovery.Americahasventuredforthintospace

forthesamereasons.,,

YettherearevitaldifferencesbetweenLewisandClark'sexpeditionandaMarsmission......

AppealingasthethoughtoftraveltoMarsis,itdoesnotmeanthejourneymakessense,even

consideringthehumancallingtoexplore.AndMarsasadestinationforpeoplemakesabsolutelynosense

withcurrenttechnology.

PresentsystemforgettingfromEarth'ssurfacetolow-Earthorbitaresofantasticallyexpensivethat

merelylaunchingthe1,000tonsorsoofspacecraftandequipmentaMarsmissionwouldrequirecouldbe

accomplishedonlybycuttinghealth-carebenefits,educationspending,orotherimportantprogramsor

byraisingtaxes.....

ItisinterestingtonotethatwhenPresidentBushunveiledhisproposal,helistedtheserecentmajor

achievementsofspaceexplorationpicturesofevidenceofwateronMars,discoveryofmorethan100

planetsoutsideoursolarsystem,andstudyofthesoilofMars....

RatherthanspendhundredsofbillionsofdollarstohurltonstowardMarsusingcurrenttechnology,

whynottakeadecadeortwoorhowevermuchtimeisrequiredresearchingnewlaunchsystemsand

advancedpropulsion（推进力）？Ifnewlaunchsystemscouldputweightintoorbitaffordably,andadvanced

propulsioncouldspeedupthatlong,slowtransittoMars,thedreamofsteppingontotheredplanetmight

becomereality.Marswillstillbetherewhenthetechnologyisready.

66.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Riskyasitis,aMarsmissionhelpstoretainAmerica'spositionasatechnologicalleader.

B.AMarsmissionissocostlythatitmayleadtoaneconomicdisasterinAmerica.

C.SomedaypeoplemaygotoMarsbutnotuntilitmakestechnologicalsense.

D.AMarsmissionisunnecessarysincethescientistsoncetherewon'tmakegreatdiscoveries.

Key：C

课堂典例

A

Foodandideasaboutcookingithavebeenpassingfromonepartoftheworldtoanothereversince

theStoneAgeRevolutionbeganintheMiddleEast.Theywerepartofthespreadofcivilization,though

peoplechangetheirtastesinpaintingandhousesmuchfasterthantheirtastesinfood,knowledgeofwhat

waseatenisfarlessthanknowledgeofthehousesthatwerelivedinortheclothesthatwereworn.Cookery

bookswerefewbeforethe17thcentury,andhowclosearethegeneraleatinghabitsatanyperiodtothe

cookerybookspublished?

Changeowedmoretothemovementofpeople,ofarmies,ofmerchants,ofrichlandowners,thanto

books.Beforecanals,railways,goodroads,mostpeopleatewhatcouldbeproducedwithinathirty-mile

area.Portsdidbetter,ofcourse,iftheywereonabigtraderoute.Formostpeoplefoodwasbasically

regionalfoodandtherewasnotalwaysenoughofiteither.Eveningoodareas,poorcountrypeoplehad

littletoeatsincemostofwhattheyproducedwentforsaleatlocalmarkets.Onlyrichmencouldbuy

expensiveseedstogrowunusualvegetables,oremploygardenerswhounderstoodhowtogrowfinefruit

unfamiliartotheplacetheylivedin,oraffordcookstrainedelsewheretoprovidevarietyatmealtime.

Theundoubtedadvantagesofpresent-daylarge-scalemanufactureandorganization-wonderful

cleanliness,quickdistribution,pricesthatallowfarmorepeoplethaneverinthepasttosatisfytheir

hunger-havenotsofarcometoustogetherwithanexcellentqualityofflavor.Moreover,inaworldwhere

possibilitiesareendless,businessseemstotrytolimitchoicebeyondacertainlevel.Ofthe300varietiesof

pearsthatlistedbyoneFrench17th-centurygardener-eventhoughhehadtoadmitthatonly30ofthem

werereallywortheating-onlyabouthalfadozenarenowproducedinEurope.

1.Whydoweknowsolittleaboutthefoodpeopleateinthepast?

A.Eatinghabitsusedtochangeveryquickly.

B.Therewerenocookerybooksbeforethe17th-century.

C.Peopledidnotchangetheirtastesinfoodfast.

D.Thereareveryfewpaintingsoffood.

2.Changeineatinghabitswerecausedby.

A.shortagesofbasicfood

B.themovementofpopulation

C.developmentsinagriculture

D.therecipesofforeigncooks

3.Whatistheproblemwithourfoodtoday?

A.It'stooexpensiveformanypeople.

B.It'smanufacturedtooquickly.

C.Itdoesn'ttasteasitusedto.

D.It'sexportedinverylargequantities.

4.Whatpointistheauthormakingintheexampleaboutthepearinthelastparagraph?

A.Thereisnotasmuchvarietynowasbefore.

B.Therewasmorevarietyinthepastbutqualitywasnotashigh.

C.Mostpearsthatwereproducedwerenotfittoeat.

D.ThereismorevarietyoutsideEuropethaninEurope.

【答案】l.C2.B3.C4.A

【分析】

1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Theywerepartofthespreadofcivilization,thoughpeoplechangetheir

tastesinpaintingandhousesmuchfasterthantheirtastesinfood,knowledgeofwhatwaseatenisfarless

thanknowledgeofthehousesthatwerelivedinortheclothesthatwereworn.得知在过去人们对食物口

味的改变非常少，而且相对于他们的住房和绘画的改变，以前人们事物的改变是非常慢的，故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段第——句Changeowedmoretothemovementofpeople,ofarmies,ofmerchants,

ofrichlandowners,thantobooks.得知人们饮食习惯的改变更多的取决于人口的移动，故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Theundoubtedadvantagesofpresent-daylarge-scalemanufactureand

organization-wonderfulcleanliness,quickdistribution,pricesthatallowfarmorepeoplethaneverinthe

pasttosatisfytheirhunger-havenotsofarcometoustogetherwithanexcellentqualityofflavor.得知当

今的食物虽然生产量很大，生产线的组织也很清晰，也能够迅速的分发到更多人享用，但是却远没

有一个很好地口味，故选C。

4.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句OfIhe300varietiesofpearsthatlistedbyoneFrench

17th-centurygardener-eventhoughhehadtoadmitthatonly30ofthemwerereallywortheating-only

abouthalfadozenarenowproducedinEurope.这句话的意义是在17世纪法国的庄园标榜有300种梨

子，虽然实际上其中只有30种值得去吃，但是现在只有大约6种在欧洲生产，故选A。

（B）

AboutOldFaithful-TheMostFamousGeysei•（间歇性喷泉）intheWorld

Discoveredin1870bytheWashbumExpedition,OldFaithfulgeyserwasnamedforitsfrequent

eruptions^贲发）一whichnumbermorethanamillionsinceYellowstonebecametheworld'sfirstnational

parkin1872.

WhendoesOldFaithfulerupt?

BasicpredictionofOldFaithfulisdependentuponthedurationofthepreviouseruption.Duringvisitor

centerhours,geyserstatisticsandpredictionsaremaintainedbythenaturaliststaff.Peoplespeakofthe

averagetimebetweeneruptions.Thisismisleading.ThemathematicalaveragebetweeneruptionsofOld

Faithfuliscurrently74minutes,butitdoesn'tliketoactaverage!Intervalscanrangefrom60-110minutes.

VisitorscancheckforpostedpredictiontimesinmostbuildingsintheOldFaithfularea.

HowhighdoesOldFaithfuleruptandhowlongwillitlast?

OldFaithfulcanvaryinheightfrom100-180feetwithanaveragenear130-140feet.Thishasbeenthe

historicalrangeofitsrecordedheight.Eruptionsnormallylastbetween1.5to5minutes.

1heardOldFaithfulisn,tasfaithfulasitusedtobe.Isitslowingdown?

Itdependsonwhatyoucallfaithful.Thefamousgeysercurrentlyeruptsaround20timesadayandcan

beoredictedwitha90oercentconfidenceratewithina10minutevariation.Priortothe1959earthauake.Old

l.YouandyourfriendjustwatchedtheeruptionofOldFaithfulat12:26p.m.,atwhattimeisitpossiblefor

youtoenjoythenextone?

A.13:10B.15:06C.14:06D.13:16

2.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementaboutOldFaithfulistrue?

A.Thegeyser'snamegivespeopleanindicationthatitalwayseruptsregularly,about20timeseachday,

onceevery74minutes.

B.Whenitiserupting,peopleshouldkeepasafedistancefromthatduetothehugeamountofwaterit

expelsaswellasitsfreezingcoldness.

C.OldFaithfulisawell-knowngeyserwhichcanexpelatleast3700gallonswatereachtimeandit's

locatedintheworld'slargestnationalpark.

D.Ifvisitorswanttochecktheeruptiontime,theymayrefertothepostedtimetables,onwhichthe

predictionsarecalculatedbythenaturalists.

3.Wheredoesthearticlemostprobablyappear?

A.TheYellowstoneofficialwebsite.

B.LocaltravelpamphletsintroducingYellowstone.

C.Arecently-issuedguidebookonYellowstone.

D.AtravelmagazinecolumnaboutYellowstone.

【答案】1.C2.D3.A

【分析】

1.细节理解题。根据第二段Intervalscanrangefrom60/10minutes.可知12:26加上110分钟得出14:16.

所以答案C。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段BasicpredictionofOldFaithfulisdependentuponthedurationoftheprevious

eruption.Duringvisitorcenterhours,geyserstatisticsandpredictionsaremaintainedbythenaturaliststaffo

3.推断题。由文章的开头可以看出是网站。

(C)

TheMacArthurFoundationlatelastmonthannounceditslatestcropof"geniusgrants”,andonce

againyouthoughtmaybeJustmaybe,thiswaslastyear.

Andwhynot?Thesedays,we'reallgeniuses.Wemightbe"marketinggeniuses"or"cooking

geniuses^^or“TVgeniuses^^.Wehavesoweakened“genius“thatit'sfastjoiningthecompanyof"natural”

and“mindfUl”（留心），wordsleftinactivethroughoveruseandmisuse.

Admittedly,thewordistoughtonaildown.Sometimesweassumegeniusequivalenttoraw

intelligence.Butmanyofhumanity'sgreatestbreakthroughswereachievedbythosewithonlymodestIQs.

Sometimeswethinkofthegeniusassomeoneextremelyknowledgeable,butthatdefinitionalsofalls

short.DuringAlbertEinstein'stime,otherscientistsknewmorephysicsthanEinsteindid,buthistory

doesn'trememberthem.That'sbecausetheydidn'tmakeuseofthatknowledgethewayEinsteindid.They

weren'tableto,asheputit,"regardoldquestionsfromanewangle”.

Thegeniusisnotaknow-it-allbutasee-it-all,someonewho,workingwiththematerialavailableto

allofus,isabletomakesurprisingandusefulconnections.Truegeniusinvolvesnotmerelyanextra

advance,butaconceptualleap.AsphilosopherArthurSchopenhauerputit:Talenthitsthetargetnoone

elsecanhit;geniushitsthetargetnooneelsecansee.

We'velostsightofthistruth,andtoooftengrantthetitleofgeniusontalentedpeoplehittingvisible

targets.Agoodexampleisthemuch-boastedannouncementearlierthisyearthatscientistshad,forthefirst

time,recordedthesoundoftwoblackholesbumping,abillionlight-yearsaway.Itwasaremarkable

discovery,nodoubt,butitdidnotrepresentadramaticshiftinhowweunderstandtheuniverse.Itmerely

confirmedEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativity.

AsPlatoobserved,4tWhatishonoredinacountryiscultivatedthere.^^Whatdowehonor?Digital

technology,andtheconvenienceitrepresents,sonaturallywegetaSteveJobsoraMarkZuckerbergasour

“geniuses”,which,inpointoffact,theyaren't.

TheiPhoneandFacebookarewonderfulinventions.Inmanyways,theymakeourlivesabiteasier,a

bitmoreconvenient.Ifanything,though,atruegeniusmakesourlivesmoredifficult,moreunsettled.

WilliamShakespeare^wordsprovidemoreanxietythanrelief,andtheworldfeltabitmoresecurebefore

CharlesDarwincamealong.ZuckerbergandJobsmayhavechangedourworld,buttheyhaven?tyet

changedourworldview.

Weneedtorecovergenius,andagoodplacetostartisbyputtingthebrakesonGeniusFlooding.

1.Thekeyfactorthatsetsgeniusesandtalentsapartisthat.

A.geniuseshavealargerrangeofknowledge

B.geniuseshaveaccesstofarmoreresources

C.geniusescanseevisibletargets

D.geniusesapproachthingsdifferently

2.ThereasonswhypeoplenaturallyregardSteveJobs&MarkZuckerbergasgeniusesincludeallthe

followingEXCEPTthat.

A.theirachievementsbringpeopleconvenience

B.theyhaveextraordinaryintelligence

C.theyarenativetothecountrywheredigitaltechnologyishighlyvalued

D.theysatisfypeople'sneedsintheageofhightechnology

3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Weshouldstoptheimproperuseof“natural”and“mindftil”.

B.Thefirstrecordingoftwoblackholesbumpingeachotherisageniusbreakthrough.

C.CharlesDarwinishardlyagenius.

D.Moregeniusesremaintobefoundinourlife.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Getanewword,genius.

B.Learnfromanewmodel,genius.

C.Joininanewgroup,genius.

D.Makeanewfriend,genius.

【答案】DBAA

【分析】

1.推理题。根据第四段“Theyweren'tableto,asheputit,"regardoldquestionsfromanewangle”.可知天

才的关键是能够从一个新角度看待老问题，也就是不同的处理问题。

2.细节题。本题是选非题，根据文章第七段“Digitaltechnology,andtheconvenienceitrepresents,so

naturallywegetaSteveJobsoraMarkZuckerbergasour“geniuses”可知A、D正确，同样第七段，根

据“Whatishonoredinacountryiscultivatedthere.”可知C正确，因此选B。

3.细节题。根据文章第六段“ItmerelyconfirmedEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativity.”可知B错，根据

第段"WiHiamShakespeare'swordsprovidemoreanxietythanreliefandtheworldfeltabitmoresecure

beforeCharlesDarwincamealong.”可知C错，D文章中没有提到；根据第二段“Wehavesoweakened

“genius“thatit'sfastjoiningthecompanyof“natural"and"mindfUl”(留心),wordsleftinactivethrough

overuseandmisuse."可以A对

4.主旨题。根据全文可知，从第二第三段也能看出来这篇文章的主旨，主要在纠正生活中连用

“geniuses”的问题，告诉我们什么天才。

实战演练

(A)

MarthahadbeenworkingforMillerLaboratoriesfortwoyears,butshewasnothappythere.Nothing

significanthadhappenedinthewayofpromotionsorsalaryincreases.Marthafeltthathersupervisor,a

youngerandlessexperiencedpersonthanshe,didnotlikeher.Infact,thesupervisoroftensaidunpleasant

thingstoher.

Oneday,whiletalkingwithherfriendMaria,shementionedhowdiscouragedshewas.Mariagave

herthenameofacousinofherswhowasdirectorofHumanResourcesDepartmentforalargechemical

company.Marthacalledhimthenextdayandsetupaninterviewonherlunchhour.

Duringtheinterview,Mr.Petrisaid,"You'rejustthekindofpersonweneedhere.You'vebeing

wastedinyourotherjob.Givemeacallinadayortwo.I'msurewecanfindaplaceforyouinour

organization.^^Marthawassohappythatshealmostdancedoutofthebuilding.

Thatafternoon,RuthKenny,hersupervisor,sawthatMarthahadcomeintenminuteslatefromher

lunchhourandshesaid,"Oh,soyoufinallydecidedtocomebacktoworktoday?^^

Thiswasthelaststraw.Shecouldnottakeanotherinsult.Besides,Mr.Petriwasright:shewasbeing

wastedinthisjob.

“Look,“shesaidangrily,t4ifyoudon'tlikethewayIwork,Idon'tneedtostayhere.TilgowhereI'm

appreciated!Goodbye!”Shetookupherthingsandstormedoutoftheoffice.

ThatnightshecalledMariaandtoldherwhathadhappenedandthenaskedMaria,44Whatdoyou

think?”

“Well,“saidMariacarefully,4iareyousureabouttheotherjo