含分布式电源的配网网损分摊方法及其场景适用性研究

含分布式电源的配网网损分摊方法及其场景适用性研究摘要：近年来，分布式电源（DistributedGeneration,DG）的发展日趋成熟，其在配电系统中的应用越来越广泛。然而，分布式电源的接入对配网网损分摊方式提出了新的挑战。本文通过对分布式电源的接入方式、网损分摊方法以及场景适用性进行研究，旨在为配网网损分摊提供理论指导和技术支持。首先，本文对分布式电源的接入方式进行了分类与分析。常见的分布式电源接入方式包括并网、孤岛和微网等，每种方式在不同场景下都有其适用性和限制性。并网接入是将分布式电源与配电系统直接连接，可以实现电力互补与网损分摊。孤岛接入是将分布式电源与主电网物理隔离，适用于特定的用户需求和电力规划。微网接入是将多个分布式电源有机组织成一个独立运行的小型电网，可以实现主动管理与优化。其次，本文对常见的网损分摊方法进行了归纳和评价。目前，常见的网损分摊方法主要包括功率分摊法、电流分摊法、负荷分摊法和成本分摊法等。功率分摊法是根据分布式电源的实际输出功率来计算其网损分摊比例，适用于功率输出稳定的情况。电流分摊法是根据分布式电源的实际输出电流来计算其网损分摊比例，适用于电流波动较大的情况。负荷分摊法是根据用户负荷量来计算分布式电源的网损分摊比例，适用于负荷波动较大的情况。成本分摊法是根据分布式电源的运行成本来计算其网损分摊比例，适用于成本敏感的情况。不同的分摊方法适用于不同的情况，需要根据实际需求选择合适的方法。最后，本文通过案例研究分析了不同的分布式电源接入方式和网损分摊方法在实际应用中的场景适用性。研究结果表明，并网接入方式适用于整体电力系统较为稳定的情况，可以实现网损最小化；孤岛接入方式适用于场景需求紧迫、用户自供电需求强烈的情况，但在网络规模较大时难以实施；微网接入方式适用于微电网建设相对集中的场景，可以实现分布式电源的灵活调度和优化运行。对于网损分摊方法而言，不同的方法适用于不同的情况，需要综合考虑功率平衡、经济性和用户需求等因素。关键词：分布式电源；接入方式；网损分摊；场景适用性；配电系统Abstract:Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofDistributedGeneration(DG)hasbecomeincreasinglymature,anditsapplicationindistributionsystemsisbecomingmoreandmoreextensive.However,theaccessofdistributedgenerationposesnewchallengestotheallocationofnetworklossesindistributionnetworks.Thispaperaimstoprovidetheoreticalguidanceandtechnicalsupportfornetworklossallocationindistributionnetworksthroughresearchontheaccessmethodsofdistributedgeneration,networklossallocationmethods,andtheirapplicabilityindifferentscenarios.Firstly,thispaperclassifiesandanalyzestheaccessmethodsofdistributedgeneration.Commonaccessmethodsfordistributedgenerationincludegrid-connected,islanded,andmicrogrid,eachofwhichhasitsapplicabilityandlimitationsindifferentscenarios.Grid-connectedaccessconnectsdistributedgenerationdirectlytothedistributionsystem,whichcanachievepowercomplementationandnetworklossallocation.Islandedaccessphysicallyisolatesdistributedgenerationfromthemaingridandissuitableforspecificuserneedsandpowerplanning.Microgridaccessorganizesmultipledistributedgenerationunitsintoaself-containedminigrid,whichenablesactivemanagementandoptimization.Secondly,thispapersummarizesandevaluatescommonmethodsfornetworklossallocation.Currently,commonnetworklossallocationmethodsincludepowerallocation,currentallocation,loadallocation,andcostallocation.Powerallocationcalculatestheproportionofnetworklossallocationbasedontheactualoutputpowerofdistributedgenerationandissuitableforstablepoweroutputsituations.Currentallocationcalculatestheproportionofnetworklossallocationbasedontheactualoutputcurrentofdistributedgenerationandissuitableforsituationswithsignificantcurrentfluctuations.Loadallocationcalculatestheproportionofnetworklossallocationbasedonuserloadandissuitableforsituationswithsignificantloadfluctuations.Costallocationcalculatestheproportionofnetworklossallocationbasedontheoperatingcostofdistributedgenerationandissuitableforcost-sensitivesituations.Differentallocationmethodsaresuitablefordifferentsituationsandrequiretheappropriatemethodtobeselectedbasedontheactualneeds.Finally,thispaperanalyzestheapplicabilityofdifferentaccessmethodsandnetworklossallocationmethodsinpracticalapplicationsthroughcasestudies.Theresearchresultsshowthatgrid-connectedaccessissuitableforsituationswheretheoverallpowersystemisrelativelystableandcanminimizenetworklosses.Islandedaccessissuitableforsituationswithurgentscenariorequirementsandstronguserself-supplyneeds,butitisdifficulttoimplementinlarge-scalenetworks.Microgridaccessissuitableforscenarioswithrelativelyconcentratedmicrogridconstruction,whichenablesflexibleschedulingandoptimizedoperationofdistributedgeneration.Asfornetworklossallocationmethods,differentmethodsaresuitablefordifferentsituations,andfactorssuch