2024届河南省高中毕业班阶段性测试（八）英语试题（含答案解析）

2023—2024学年高中毕业班阶段性测试(八)英语第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.What’sBobbygoingtodo?A.Gotoschool.B.Cookameal.C.Goshopping.2.What’stheman’sjobabout?A.Publichealth.B.Computerscience.C.Internationaltrade.3.WhatcolourT-shirtwillthemantake?A.Aredone.B.Apurpleone.C.Ablackone.4.What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A.WeChatexpressions.B.Socialmedia.C.Onlineconversations.5.Whenwillthemanhaveajobinterview?A.NextMonday.B.NextTuesday.C.NextWednesday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatwouldthewomanliketobe?A.Ajournalist.B.Ateacher.C.Adoctor.7.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whytheyshouldstudy.B.Inwhichcitytheyshouldwork.C.Whichjobtheyshouldtake.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhyisVikramsohappy?A.Hejustgotaprize.B.Hefinishedapicture.C.Hesawbeautifulscenes.9.WheredoesVikramprefertosit?A.Inthefront.B.Nearthewindow.C.Aroundthetable.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whattypeofroomhasthemanreserved?A.Asingleroom.B.Adoubleroom.C.Asmokingroom.11.Whichroomdoesthemanreceive?A.Room402.B.Room412.C.Room420.12.Whycan’tthemanentertheroomrightnow?A.Checkinstartsat2o’clock.B.Theroomneedsrepairing.C.Theroomisnotready.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplaceprobably?A.Inashop.B.Inahotel.C.Inarestaurant.14.What’stheman’smistake?A.Heforgottobringsomegifts.B.Heforgotanimportantmeeting.C.Heforgothiswife’sbirthday.15.Howmuchmoneydoesthemanhavewithhimnow?A.$12.B.$12.32.C.$22.32.16.What’sthewoman’sadviceforthemanthisweekend?A.Playinggolf.B.EatingatMcDonalds.C.Stayingwithhiswife.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatis“BushTucker”?A.Akindofdiet.B.Thenameofahunter.C.Thenameofaplant.18.WhatcausedthepopulationofAboriginalAustralianstodecreasegreatly?A.Hunger.B.Diseases.C.Conflicts.19.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“StolenChildren”?A.Theywerewelltakencareof.B.Theyweresoldandboughtfreely.C.Theycouldn’tlivewiththeirparents.20.What’sAboriginalAustralians’lifeliketoday?A.Theyhaveequalrights.B.Theyliveonreserves.C.Theyhavenoland.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASkateWestgateNov.3rd—Dec.28th●Admission:$22Kids&adultsareinvitedtopartakeinatimelessholidaytradition—outdoorice-skatingonourrealicerink!Whetheryou’reaprofessionalskaterorwearingskatesforthefirsttime,youarewelcome.SkateWestgatewillbeopenfromNovember3rdthroughDecember28th,withhoursvaryingeachday.Posers!AnArtInstallationNov.16th—Nov.30th●Admission:$15●Time:3pm—5pmPeterLeue,awoodandmixedmediaartistfor5decades,bringswoodtolifewithhisfascinatingarttools.Posers!Aseriesofwoodsculpturesthattakeonthetrappings(装饰)ofreallifewillbeonexhibitinHaggertyPlazafromNovember16ththroughthe30th.JoinPeterandhisPosersforaninteractiveopeningceremonyonNovember16thfrom3pmto7pm.Childrenunder12areadmittedfree.Candlelight:Vivaldi’sFourSeasons&MoreNov10th●Admission:$12●Time:6:30pm—11:00pmCandlelightconcertsbringthemagicofalive,multi-sensorymusicalexperiencetoawe-inspiringlocationslikeneverseenbeforeinTucson.GetyourticketsnowtodiscoverthemusicofVivaldiatGraceStPaul’sEpiscopalChurchunderthegentleglowofcandlelight.Agerequirement:8yearsoldorolder.Anyoneundertheageof16mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.OakCreekArtsandCraftsShowNov.16th—Dec.31st●Admission:$10●Time:9am—5pmArtsandcraftsloverscelebratethereturnoftheOakCreekArtsandCraftsShowatSedonaVistaVillage.Ourshowsareverypopularwithlocalsandvisitors.Infact,wehaveanotherlocationinSedona,Arizonajusttoshowcaseallworksoftheartists.Shoppingisatitsfinestwithpaintings,photography,pottery,jewelryandNativeAmericanart.1.WhatdoweknowaboutSkateWestgate?A.Itadmitsskatersofalllevels.B.Itisacompetitiveeventforskaters.C.Ithasafixedopentimeduringtheday.D.Itaskskidstobeaccompaniedbytheirparents.2.What’sspecialabouttheeventinTucsononNovember10th?A.Ittakesplaceintheopenair.B.Itchargesthehighestadmission.C.Itfocusesonbothmusicandfinearts.D.Ithasagelimitsforitsparticipants.3.Wherecanyouexpecttointeractwithawell-knownartist?A.AtSkateWestgate. B.AtHaggertyPlaza.C.AtEpiscopalChurch. D.AtSedonaVistaVillage.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了四种文体活动的具体信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据SkateWestgate中关键句“Whetheryou’reaprofessionalskaterorwearingskatesforthefirsttime,youarewelcome.(无论你是专业滑冰运动员还是第一次穿溜冰鞋，我们都欢迎你)”可知，SkateWestgate接纳各种水平的滑冰运动员。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Candlelight:Vivaldi’sFourSeasons&More中信息“Nov.10th(11月10日)”及关键句“Candlelightconcertsbringthemagicofalive,multi-sensorymusicalexperiencetoawe-inspiringlocationslikeneverseenbeforeinTucson.(烛光音乐会将现场多感官音乐体验的魔力带到图森从未见过的令人敬畏的地方)”及“Agerequirement:8yearsoldorolder.Anyoneundertheageof16mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.(年龄要求：8岁或以上。16岁以下的人必须由成人陪同)”可知，11月10日在Tucson的是Candlelight活动，它对参与者有年龄限制。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Posers!AnArtInstallation中关键句“PeterLeue,awoodandmixedmediaartistfor5decades,bringswoodtolifewithhisfascinatingarttools.Posers!AseriesofwoodsculpturesthattakeonthetrappingsofreallifewillbeonexhibitinHaggertyPlazafromNovember16ththroughthe30th.JoinPeterandhisPosersforaninteractiveopeningceremonyonNovember16thfrom3pmto7pm.(PeterLeue是一位从事木材和混合媒体艺术50年的艺术家，他用他迷人的艺术工具将木材带入生活。Posers！11月16日至30日，一系列具有现实生活特征的木雕将在哈格蒂广场展出。11月16日下午3点到7点，加入Peter和他的Posers的互动开幕式)”可知，想要与知名艺术家互动，可以去哈格蒂广场。故选B。BProtectingandservingismorethancheckingforimminent(紧急的)danger.OneofficerinSouthHill,Virginia,makesithismissiontomakepeopleofallagesfeelsafeaftergivingtheall-clear,startingwiththeyoungergenerations.Andbecauseofhiskindness,manyparentsandtheirchildrenlookonC.B.Flemingassomethingofasuperhero.28-year-oldMom,LeshaRoper-Boswellsaidthattheneighborhoodkidsneedsomeone“largerthanlife”theycandependontoprotectthemandtheirtown,andFlemingfitstherolebeautifully.“He’sawesome.That’stheonlywordyoucanreallyusetodescribeC.B.,”shetoldreporters.“It’sjustamazing—thebondhehaswiththechildren.”Recently,residentsinanapartmentcomplexhadascarewhenemergencycrewscametoinvestigateagasleak.Thoughhecouldhavejustleftthesceneaftermakingsuretheleakwasn’tharmful,OfficerFlemingmadesureeveryoneinthebuildingfeltsafer.Seeingsomekidsplayoutsidewithdolls,hesatdownandjoinedthem,reassuringthemthateverythingwasgoingtobeokay.Thekidswerehappytohaveanotherplaymate,regardlessofhisuniform.Impressedandgrateful,Roper-BoswelltookavideoofthekindactandposteditonFacebook,whereit’sgainedthousandsofviewsfrompeoplelivingalloverthecountry.Fleming,whoiscelebratinghis15thyearontheforce,saidhe’salwaysdesiredtodomorethanfinepeopleforviolating(违反)parkingrules.“It’ssomethingI’vealwaystriedtodo,”hesaidaboutalsolookingoutforthechildren.“WhenIgotintothisjob,Iknewtherewassomethingdifferent,otherthanjustwritingticketsandbeingthe‘bad’personallthetime.IfiguredifIcouldbethatbrightspotinsomeone’sday,thenthatwasallthatmattered.”4.WhatkindofroledidC.B.FlemingplayaccordingtoRoper-Boswell?A.Arisk-taker. B.Asuperhero. C.Adecision-maker. D.Ateacher.5.WhataboutFlemingimpressedRoper-Boswellatthescene?A.Hisdevotiontowork. B.Hisprofessionalskills.C.Hisstrikinguniform. D.Hisconnectionwithkids.6.WhatdoesC.B.Flemingconsideratoppriorityinhislife?A.Bringingjoytopeople. B.Performinghisduties.C.Lookingafterthekids. D.Raisingpeople’sawareness.7.Whichofthefollowingmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NeighborhoodSparedfromFireThankstoCrewsB.PoliceOfficer’sKindnessRewardedbyResidentsC.PoliceOfficerBecomesHerotoNeighborhoodKidsD.PoliceOfficerAimstoReduceResidents’Violations【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了一名警官C.B.Fleming由于善良得到了孩子们和父母的喜爱，而C.B.Fleming也乐于和孩子们玩耍，给人们带来快乐。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Andbecauseofhiskindness,manyparentsandtheirchildrenlookonC.B.Flemingassomethingofasuperhero.28-year-oldMom,LeshaRoper-Boswellsaidthattheneighborhoodkidsneedsomeone“largerthanlife”theycandependontoprotectthemandtheirtown,andFlemingfitstherolebeautifully.(由于他的善良，许多父母和他们的孩子都把弗莱明看作是超级英雄。28岁的母亲蕾莎·罗珀-博斯韦尔说，邻居的孩子们需要一个“比生命更重要”的人来保护他们和他们的小镇，而弗莱明非常适合这个角色)”可知，根据罗珀-博斯韦尔的说法，弗莱明扮演了超级英雄的角色。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Seeingsomekidsplayoutsidewithdolls,hesatdownandjoinedthem,reassuringthemthateverythingwasgoingtobeokay.Thekidswerehappytohaveanotherplaymate,regardlessofhisuniform.Impressedandgrateful,Roper-BoswelltookavideoofthekindactandposteditonFacebook,whereit’sgainedthousandsofviewsfrompeoplelivingalloverthecountry.(看到一些孩子在外面玩娃娃，他坐下来加入他们，安慰他们一切都会好起来的。孩子们很高兴又有了一个玩伴，不管他穿什么制服。罗珀-博斯韦尔留下了深刻的印象和感激之情，他拍下了这一善举的视频，并发布在Facebook上，全国各地的人们观看了数千次)”推知，弗莱明在现场与孩子的关系打动了偌珀-博斯韦尔。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“IfiguredifIcouldbethatbrightspotinsomeone’sday,thenthatwasallthatmattered.(我想，如果我能成为别人生活中的亮点，那才是最重要的)”可知，弗莱明认为他生命中最重要的是给人们带来快乐。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Protectingandservingismorethancheckingforimminent(紧急的)danger.OneofficerinSouthHill,Virginia,makesithismissiontomakepeopleofallagesfeelsafeaftergivingtheall-clear,startingwiththeyoungergenerations.(保护和服务不仅仅是检查迫在眉睫的危险。弗吉尼亚州南山的一名警官把让所有年龄段的人都感到安全作为自己的使命，从年轻一代开始)”和第二段“Andbecauseofhiskindness,manyparentsandtheirchildrenlookonC.B.Flemingassomethingofasuperhero.28-year-oldMom,LeshaRoper-Boswellsaidthattheneighborhoodkidsneedsomeone“largerthanlife”theycandependontoprotectthemandtheirtown,andFlemingfitstherolebeautifully.(由于他的善良，许多父母和他们的孩子都把弗莱明看作是超级英雄。28岁的母亲蕾莎·罗珀-博斯韦尔说，邻居的孩子们需要一个“比生命更重要”的人来保护他们和他们的小镇，而弗莱明非常适合这个角色)”结合文章主要说明了一名警官C.B.Fleming由于善良得到了孩子们和父母的喜爱，而C.B.Fleming也乐于和孩子们玩耍，给人们带来快乐可知，C选项“警官成为邻里孩子的英雄”最符合文章标题。故选C。CNostalgia(怀旧)isapowerfulemotionthatcanbeemployedtocreateastrongemotionalconnectionbetweenabrandanditsaudience.Bytappingintothefondmemoriesandpositiveassociationsthatpeoplehavewithaparticularbrand,marketerscancreateasenseoffamiliarityandcomfortthatresonates(共鸣)withtheiraudience.Thisemotionalconnectioncanthenbeusedtodriveengagementandloyalty,ultimatelyleadingtoincreasedsales.InthecaseofBarbiemoviemarketing,nostalgiahasbeenused.ByincorporatingelementsoftheclassicBarbiebrandintothemovies,suchasthesymbolicpinkcolor,theclassicBarbielogo,andtheinclusionofclassicBarbiecharacters,themoviesserveasawaytotransportfansbacktotheirchildhoodandrelivetheirfavoritememories.Thisemotionalconnectionisfurtherstrengthenedbythemarketingcampaigns,whichcreateasenseofcommunityandexcitementaroundthebrand.Byusingsocialmediatobuildhype(夸张报道)andanticipationforeachmovie,thebrandhasmanagedtocreatealoyalandengagedfanbasethathascontributedtoitssuccess.ThesuccessofBarbiemoviemarketinghasnotbeenlimitedtothebrand’sexistingfanbase.Infact,themovieshavemanagedtoattractanewgenerationoffanswhomaynothavebeenfamiliarwiththeclassicBarbiebrand.Bycreatingmoviesthatarebothentertainingandempowering,thebrandhasmanagedtoappealtoawideraudience,includingyounggirlswhomaybelookingforstrongfemalerolemodels.TheimpactofBarbiemoviemarketingonanewgenerationcanbeseeninthewaythatthebrandhasdevelopedovertheyears.AlthoughBarbiewasoncedenouncedforpromotingunrealisticbeautystandardsandconventionalgenderimages,thebrandhassincemadesignificantstepsinpromotingdiversityandinclusivity(包容性).TherecentBarbiemoviesfeaturediverseactorsandstorylinesthatpromoteself-empowermentandself-acceptance,reflectingthechangingattitudesandvaluesofsociety.8.Nostalgiaisoftenusedinmarketingmainlybecause______.A.itenablesanewbrandtoexpanditsmarketsquicklyB.ithasastronginfluenceonpeople’schoiceofgoodsC.itbringsbacktheaudience’spositiveemotionsaboutabrandD.ithelpsmakegoodsappealingtocustomersofallagegroups9.WhatcanwelearnaboutBarbiemovies?A.Theyhighlightthecolorofpink. B.Theyuseadifferentlogo.C.Theytargetchildrenasaudiences. D.Theyareaboutcommunitystories.10.HowhaveBarbiemoviesmanagedtogrowtheirfanbase?A.Bysimplifyingthestorylines.BByremovingtheclassiccharacters.C.Byincludingmoreculturalelements.D.Bycreatingnewfemalerolemodels.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“denounced”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Acknowledged. B.Criticized. C.Observed. D.Respected.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了芭比电影通过“怀旧”情怀与观众产生联系，通过创造新女性榜样扩大观众基础群等营销策略来扩大品牌的市场营销。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Nostalgia(怀旧)isapowerfulemotionthatcanbeemployedtocreateastrongemotionalconnectionbetweenabrandanditsaudience.Bytappingintothefondmemoriesandpositiveassociationsthatpeoplehavewithaparticularbrand,marketerscancreateasenseoffamiliarityandcomfortthatresonates(共鸣)withtheiraudience.(怀旧是一种强大的情感，可以用来在品牌和受众之间建立强烈的情感联系。通过挖掘人们对特定品牌的美好回忆和积极联想，营销人员可以创造一种熟悉感和舒适感，与他们的受众产生共鸣)”可知，营销中经常会运用“怀旧”是因为它能唤起观众对品牌的积极情绪。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ByincorporatingelementsoftheclassicBarbiebrandintothemovies,suchasthesymbolicpinkcolor,theclassicBarbielogo,andtheinclusionofclassicBarbiecharacters,themoviesserveasawaytotransportfansbacktotheirchildhoodandrelivetheirfavoritememories.(通过将经典芭比品牌的元素融入电影中，例如象征性的粉红色，经典芭比标志，以及经典芭比角色的加入，这些电影作为一种将粉丝带回童年并重温他们最美好的回忆的方式)”可知，芭比电影中突出了粉红色。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Infact,themovieshavemanagedtoattractanewgenerationoffanswhomaynothavebeenfamiliarwiththeclassicBarbiebrand.Bycreatingmoviesthatarebothentertainingandempowering,thebrandhasmanagedtoappealtoawideraudience,includingyounggirlswhomaybelookingforstrongfemalerolemodels.(事实上，这些电影已经成功吸引了可能不熟悉经典芭比品牌的新一代粉丝。通过制作娱乐性和赋权性并重的电影，该品牌成功地吸引了更广泛的观众，包括那些可能正在寻找坚强女性榜样的年轻女孩)”可推知，芭比电影成功地吸引了更广泛的观众，如，正在寻找坚强女性榜样的年轻女孩，所以它通过创造新的女性榜样来扩大观众基础。故选D。【11题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章划线词后文“forpromotingunrealisticbeautystandardsandconventionalgenderimages(因为宣扬不切实际的审美标准和传统的性别形象)”可推知，由于宣扬不切实际的审美标准和传统的性别形象，芭比电影曾经遭到批评，划线词与Criticized意思一致。故选B。DHowisitthataflyalwaysseemstobebuzzingaroundyourfoodmomentsafteryousitdownforanoutdoormeal?Theanswerispractice.Or,morespecifically:evolution(进化).Fliesandotherinsectshavebeenonamultimillion-yearjourneyofevolution,improvingtheirabilitytodetectfood.Beingabletozeroinonnutritiousmealsisamatteroflifeanddeath.ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy—theblowflies—arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They’veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallycomeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.Thereisalotofcompetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheircompetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies’mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojections(凸起)fromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptors(受体)forspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They’redetectingthesweetsmellofsugar-basedmolecules,anenergy-richfoodsourceforus.What’sa“good”ora“bad”smellcandifferdependingontheanimaldoingthesmelling.Theattractiverottingmeatstench(恶臭)thataflyfindsdelightfulisperceivedquitedifferentlybyapersonpassingbyanunpleasantgarbagecanonahotday.Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans“nutritiousflyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.12.Whydoestheauthorfocusonblowfliesinhisstudy?A.Theyhaveattractivedeepgreencolors.B.Theyhavegonethroughmuchevolution.C.Theyhaveunusualabilitytosensesmells.D.Theyareeasiertocontrolthanotherspecies.13.Inwhichfielddoblowflieshaveanadvantageovertheircompetitors?A.Detectingfoodresources. B.Designingflyingroutes.C.Producingnutritionoutofgarbage. D.Escapingfromenemies.14.Howdoestheauthordevelopthefourthparagraph?A.Byexplainingaprinciple. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byfollowingtimeorder. D.Bydescribingaprocess.15.What’sthemessageimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.It’srathereasytowipeouttheblowflies.B.Nutritiousfoodsusuallyhaveattractivesmells.C.Thereceptorsplayakeyroleinflies’survival.D.Fliesfindasmellsignalmuchfasterthanhumans.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章以绿头苍蝇为例，解释了苍蝇是如何通过感受器快速探测食物的，它们的气味感受器在苍蝇的生存中起到了重要的作用。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy—theblowflies—arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They’veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallycomeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.(我研究的苍蝇家族——绿头苍蝇——是一种嗡嗡作响的苍蝇，通常是一种美丽的金属蓝色，带有青铜色和绿色。他们已经完善了快速感知野餐和垃圾桶自然产生的气味的能力)”可知，作者关注绿头苍蝇是由于它们有不同寻常的嗅觉能力。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thereisalotofcompetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheircompetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.(像一个满溢的垃圾桶这样的资源会有很多竞争，因为垃圾的营养价值很高，里面有腐烂的肉。但绿头苍蝇能比它们的竞争对手或人类更早地嗅到这些气味，而且往往会先出现在现场)”可知，绿头苍蝇比起竞争对手能更快地探测食物资源。故选A。14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies’mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojectionsfromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptorsforspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They’redetectingthesweetsmellofsugar-basedmolecules,anenergy-richfoodsourceforus.(感应系统因昆虫和物种不同而不同。绿头苍蝇的主要感知器官是它们的触角，这是它们头部的两个薄薄的突起，上面覆盖着细小的毛发。这些细毛是由特殊的细胞组成的，这些细胞含有对特定气味的感受器。想想刚从烤箱里出来的一批巧克力饼干。你可以闻到它们的香味，因为我们人类鼻子内部的细胞表面有感受器。这些感受器向大脑发送信号：前方有美味的食物。它们能探测到糖基分子的甜味，这是一种能量丰富的食物来源)”可知，文章第四段作者是通过将苍蝇的感受器和人的感受器进行对比来描述的。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans“nutritiousflyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.(但是任何能够探测到有用的气味信号，意味着“这里有营养的苍蝇食物”的苍蝇，将具有优势。随着时间的推移，拥有这些气味感受器的昆虫将有更好的存活率，并产生更多的后代)”可推知，气味感受器在苍蝇的生存中起到了重要的作用。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。You’reoverwhelmed(压垮).Thatisastatewherethereisjusttoomuchonyourplate.Youhavenoideahowyouwillevergetitalldone.____16____Anditcanleadtoanxiety,unhealthystress,andevenburnout.Herearethreestepsyoucanputintoimmediateactionnexttimeyoufeeloverwhelmed.Stopandbreathe.Thefirstthingtodoisstop.Thismayseemunreasonablewhenyouhurrytogeteverythingdone.Buttoendthestateofbeingoverwhelmed,wefirstneedtostepoutofthebusyness.____17____Andweenduprunningaroundandaroundinourownunproductivenessandpanic.Startconsciouslybreathing.Asyourbreathingstartstoslow,extendyourbreath.Bringyourbreathdowndeepintoyourstomach.Holdtheinhale(吸气)forafewcountsandthenslowlyrelease.____18____Standupandgetawayfromthesituationthatiscausingthepressureandanxiety.Itcouldbeyourdesk,oryourloungeroom.Ifyoucan,gooutside.Ifnot,findaquietspace.Youneedtogetsomedistancefromthemessiness.Walkingaway,evenmomentarily,oftenprovidesenoughofabreaktogetsomeperspective.____19____Refocus.Afterreturningtoyourplace,takeafewmomentstothinkaboutthesituation.____20____Asyoudoso,highlightthethingsthatareaddingfueltoyourfeelingoftoomuchpressure.Bytakingthetimetolookatyourprioritiesandtimecommitments,youwillstepoutofthepressure,takecareofyourmental,emotional,andphysicalwell-being,andgivemoreenergytothetasksandprojectsthatreallymatter.A.Walkaway.B.Neverstopmovingforward.C.Seekadvicefrompeoplearoundyou.D.Thencomebackwithaclearermind.E.Otherwise,itbecomesabadcycle.F.It’sthefeelingofbeing“inoveryourhead”.G.Writedownallthethingsthatareonyourto-dolist.【答案】16.F17.E18.A19.D20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了在不堪重负时可以采取的三个步骤。【16题详解】上文“Thatisastatewherethereisjusttoomuchonyourplate.Youhavenoideahowyouwillevergetitalldone.(在这种状态下，你有很多事要忙。你不知道如何才能完成所有的工作)”描述了一种状态，F项“这是一种“不知所措”的感觉”总结上文，下文中的“it”指代F项中的“thefeelingofbeing‘inoveryourhead’”，故选F。【17题详解】上文“Buttoendthestateofbeingoverwhelmed,wefirstneedtostepoutofthebusyness.(但要结束这种不堪重负的状态，我们首先需要从忙碌中走出来)”提到，首先要从忙碌的状态中走出来，深呼吸，下文“Andweenduprunningaroundandaroundinourownunproductivenessandpanic.(我们最终会在自己的低效和恐慌中不停地跑来跑去)”是描述如果不这样做的后果，E项“否则，就会形成恶性循环”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据本段中“Standupandgetawayfromthesituationthatiscausingthepressureandanxiety.(站起来，远离造成压力和焦虑的情况)”以及“Ifyoucan,gooutside.Ifnot,findaquietspace.Youneedtogetsomedistancefromthemessiness.Walkingaway,evenmomentarily,oftenprovidesenoughofabreaktogetsomeperspective.(如果可以的话，到外面去。如果没有，找一个安静的地方。你需要远离混乱。走开，即使只是暂时走开，也能给你足够的休息时间，让你看清一些事情)”可知，本段是建议走开，A项“走开”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】上文“Walkingaway,evenmomentarily,oftenprovidesenoughofabreaktogetsomeperspective.(走开，即使只是暂时走开，也能给你足够的休息时间，让你看清一些事情)”提到走开能有足够的时间休息，看清一些事情，D项“然后带着更清晰的头脑回来”承接上文，描述走开调整好状态后再返回，故选D。【20题详解】上文“Afterreturningtoyourplace,takeafewmomentstothinkaboutthesituation.(回到你的地方后，花点时间思考一下情况)”提到花点时间思考一下情况，结合下文“Asyoudoso,highlightthethingsthatareaddingfueltoyourfeelingoftoomuchpressure.Bytakingthetimetolookatyourprioritiesandtimecommitments(当你这样做的时候，突出那些给你的压力增加燃料的事情。花点时间看看你的优先事项和时间承诺)”可知，空处是承接上文，思考之后写下自己要做的事情，然后花点时间看看优先事项和截止日期，G项“写下你待办事项清单上的所有事情”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。GreensteinPrescottwasahighschoolsenior.HerEnglishteacher,FredDiMeo,gaveheranassignment:____21____apoeminfrontofthewholeclass.Greensteinhadamildstutter(口吃).The____22____ofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoemwastoomuchto____23____.Greensteinwenthomeand____24____howscaredshewas.Hermomagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe____25____fromdoingtheassignment.Whenthedayfinallycame,Greensteinrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoDiMeo.Onceshewas____26____,DiMeosaidsomethingGreenstein’dneverheardbefore:Helikedlisteningtoher____27____.Forthefirsttime,Greensteinconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn’thavetobea____28____offear.“Ithinkitwasso____29____inhismindandIshouldhavenothingtobe_____30_____of,”Greensteinsaid.Greensteinwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.Shenevergotto_____31_____thankDiMeo.Butaftercollege,shelandedajobasacorporatetrainer.Thenew_____32_____madeherrealizehowbiganimpactDiMeohadhadonher_____33_____.“Hetrulyisanunsung_____34_____becauseheplayedabigroleinmysuccessfulcareer.Idon’tknowwhereIwouldhavebeenifIwasfearfulof_____35_____myself.I’dliketogivehimmythanksforthatkindness,”Greensteinsaid.21.A.Create B.Recite C.Assess D.Repeat22.A.chance B.memory C.trouble D.thought23.A.bear B.control C.forget D.ignore24.A.confirmed B.imagined C.revealed D.recorded25.A.prohibited B.questioned C.excused D.discouraged26.A.tired B.done C.stressed D.hesitant27.A.story B.voice C.opinion D.explanation28.A.feature B.source C.treatment D.signal29.A.minor B.funny C.flexible D.necessary30.A.guilty B.proud C.mindful D.afraid31.A.generously B.secretly C.properly D.regularly32.A.position B.challenge C.connection D.opportunity33.A.family B.reputation C.confidence D.patience34.A.hero B.citizen C.fighter D.volunteer35.A.forgiving B.punishing C.limiting D.embarrassing【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.C26.B27.B28.B29.A30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了GreensteinPrescott有轻度口吃，害怕在公众场合表现，在一次任务中，老师FredDiMeo称赞她的声音，给了GreensteinPrescott自信，最后获得成功，感激老师的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的英语老师弗雷德·迪梅奥给她布置了一项作业:在全班同学面前背诵一首诗。A.Create创造；B.Recite朗诵；C.Assess评估；D.Repeat重复。根据第三段“Greensteinrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoDiMeo”可知，DiMeo老师布置了Greenstein朗诵诗歌的任务。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一想到要站在同学面前结结巴巴地念完这首诗，她就难以忍受。A.chance机会；B.memory记忆力；C.trouble麻烦；D.thought想法。根据“Greensteinhadamildstutter(口吃).”及“ofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoem”可知，这里表示Greenstei对于这件事情的想法。故选D项。